license Python 3.5

This is one of the continuously updated repositories that documents personal journey on learning data science related topics. Currently, contents are organized into two separate repositories based on the following table's description.

Within each section, documentations are listed in reverse chronological order of the start date (the date when the first notebook in that folder was created, if the notebook happened to be updated, then the actual date will be at the top of each notebook). Each of them are independent of one another unless specified.

Methods for selecting, evaluating models/algorithms.

• K-fold cross validation, grid/random search from scratch. [nbviewer]

Note that the following notebook is not a tutorial on the basics of spark, it assumes you're already somewhat familar with it or can pick it up quickly by checking documentations along the way. For those interested there's also a pyspark cheatsheet that may come in handy.

• Pyspark installation on Mac. [markdown]
• Examples of manipulating with data (crimes data) and building a RandomForest model with Spark. [nbviewer]
• PCA with Spark's ML. [nbviewer]

Dimensionality reduction methods.

• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from scratch. [nbviewer]

Recommendation System. Starters into the field should go through the first notebook to understand the basics of matrix factorization methods. Then the second notebook - "ALS-WR for implicit feedback data" and third notebook - "Bayesian Personalized Ranking" are independent of one another as they are simply different algorithms.

• Alternating Least Squares with Weighted Regularization (ALS-WR) from scratch. [nbviewer]
• ALS-WR for implicit feedback data from scratch & mean average precision at k evaluation. [nbviewer]
• Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) from scratch & AUC evaluation. [nbviewer]

Tree-based models for both regression and classification tasks.

• Decision Tree from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Random Forest from scratch and Extra Trees. [nbviewer]
• Gradient Boosting Machine from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Xgboost API walkthrough (includes hyperparmeter tuning via scikit-learn like API). [nbviewer]

Also known as market-basket analysis.

• Apriori from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Using R's arules package (aprori) on tabular data. [Rmarkdown]

TF-IDF and Topic Modeling are techniques specifically used for text analytics.

• TF-IDF (text frequency - inverse document frequency) from scratch. [nbviewer]
• K-means, K-means++ from scratch; Elbow method for choosing K. [nbviewer]
• Gaussian Mixture Model from scratch; AIC and BIC for choosing the number of Gaussians. [nbviewer]
• Topic Modeling with gensim's Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA). [nbviewer]

SciPy 2016: Data Science is Software. Best practices for doing data science (in Python).

• View [nbviewer]

Curated notes on deep learning. Tensorflow is used to implement some of the models.

• Softmax Regression from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Softmax Regression using Tensorflow (includes Tensorflow hello world). [nbviewer]
• Multi-layers Neural Network. [nbviewer]
• Convolutional Neural Network. [nbviewer]

Walking through keras, a high-level deep learning library. Note that this is only a API walkthrough, not a tutorial on the details of deep learning. For those interested there's also a keras cheatsheet that may come in handy.

• Multi-layers Neural Network (keras basics). [nbviewer]
• Multi-layers Neural Network hyperparameter tuning via scikit-learn like API. [nbviewer]
• Convolutional Neural Network (image classification). [nbviewer]

Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression for text classification.

• Building intuition with spam classification using scikit-learn. [nbviewer]
• Bernoulli and Multinomial Naive Bayes from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Logistic Regression (stochastic gradient descent) from scratch. [nbviewer]
• Chi-square feature selection. [nbviewer]

PyCon 2016: Practical Network Analysis Made Simple. Quickstart to networkx's API. Includes some basic graph plotting and algorithms.

• View [nbviewer]

Building intuition on Ridge and Lasso regularization using scikit-learn.

• View [nbviewer]

Genetic Algorithm. Math-free explanation and code from scratch.

• Start from a simple optimization problem and extending it to traveling salesman problem (tsp).
• View [nbviewer]

Walking through H2O 2015 World Training GitBook.The walkthrough does basically zero feature engineering with the example dataset, as it is just browsing through its function calls and parameters. Apart from that, H2o Resources also contains booklets on each of the models.

• R's API:
  • h2o’s deep learning. [Rmarkdown]
  • h2o’s Ensemble Tree. [Rmarkdown]
  • h2o’s Generalized Linear Model. [Rmarkdown]
  • h2o’s super learner. [R code]
• Python's API:
  • h2o's deep learning, Ensemble Tree. [nbviewer]

Choosing the optimal cutoff value for logistic regression using cost-sensitive mistakes (meaning when the cost of misclassification might differ between the two classes) when your dataset consists of unbalanced binary classes. e.g. Majority of the data points in the dataset have a positive outcome, while few have negative, or vice versa. The notion can be extended to any other classification algorithm that can predict class’s probability, this documentation just uses logistic regression for illustration purpose.

• Visualize two by two standard confusion matrix and ROC curve with costs using ggplot2.
• View [Rmarkdown]

A collection of scattered old clustering documents in R.

• 2015年12月08日 | Toy sample code of the LDA algorithm (gibbs sampling) and the topicmodels library. [Rmarkdown]
• 2015年11月19日 | k-shingle, Minhash and Locality Sensitive Hashing for solving the problem of finding textually similar documents. [Rmarkdown]
• 2015年11月17日 | Introducing tf-idf (term frequency-inverse document frequency), a text mining technique. Also uses it to perform text clustering via hierarchical clustering. [Rmarkdown]
• 2015年11月06日 | Some useful evaluations when working with hierarchical clustering and K-means clustering (K-means++ is used here). Including Calinski-Harabasz index for determine the right K (cluster number) for clustering and boostrap evaluation of the clustering result’s stability. [Rmarkdown]

Training Linear Regression with gradient descent in R.

• Briefly covers the interpretation and visualization of linear regression's summary output.
• View [Rmarkdown]

• 2017年03月16日 | Logging module. [nbviewer]
• 2016年12月26日 | Walking through the free online tutorial, Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures, that introduces basic data structure, algorithms from scratch. [folder]
• 2016年12月22日 | Cython and Numba quickstart for high performance python. [nbviewer]
• 2016年06月22日 | pandas's category type. [nbviewer]
• 2016年06月10日 | unittest. [python code]
• 2016年04月26日 | Some pre-implemented data structure and algorithm. [nbviewer]
• 2016年04月26日 | Tricks with strings and text. [nbviewer]
• 2016年04月17日 | python's decorators (useful script for logging and timing function). [nbviewer]
• 2016年03月18日 | pandas's pivot table. [nbviewer]
• 2016年03月02日 | @classmethod, @staticmethod and @property. [nbviewer]
• 2016年02月22日 | sorting with itemgetter and attrgetter. [nbviewer]
• 2016年02月19日 | for .. else .. statement. [nbviewer]
• 2016年02月18日 | namedtuple and defaultdict. [nbviewer]