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Erdős Problem #917: twelve-critical graphs with $(2/5+o(1))n^2$ edges

Preprint disproving the general asymptotic conjecture in Erdős Problem #917 at $k=12$, the first case in the residue class 3ドル\mid k$.

Build and check

With Elan installed, run from the repository root:

lake exe cache get
lake build
lake env lean checks/Check.lean
LEAN_NUM_THREADS=2 lake env leanchecker Erdos917

Exact statement

The main theorem is Erdos917.f12_not_density_below_two_fifths: for every real $c < 2/5$, $f_{12}(n)/n^2$ does not converge to $c$. Its statement uses three project-specific definitions:

  • edgeCount: the number of unordered edges.
  • IsEdgeCritical: criticality under Problem 917's edge-deletion convention.
  • f12: the maximum edge count of a twelve-critical graph on $n$ vertices under this convention, or 0ドル$ when the class is empty.

checks/Check.lean verifies that the axiom dependencies are propext, Classical.choice, and Quot.sound. Erdos917.not_density_three_eighths gives the particular case $c = 3/8$ proposed in Problem 917.

The AEHK family is constructed in Lean over finite fields, so the main theorem carries no external mathematical hypothesis. The manuscript's final remark extends the construction to other chromatic numbers; the Lean development covers $k=12$.

Proof correspondence

Manuscript argument Lean source
Lemma 2: active colors, prescribed singleton, module-edge deletions Module.lean
Eleven-color impossibility Assembly.lean, not_eleven_colorable
Proposition 3, exact edge formula and lower bound EdgeCount.lean, conversion_edgeCount
Density limit from the edge formula Density.lean, density_limit_of_parameters
Lemma 4: finite geometry, clique exclusion, saturation Geometry.lean, Cliques.lean, Triangles.lean
Lemma 4: order and exact degrees Degrees.lean
Theorem 1 and the extremal-function consequence Family.lean

Use of generative AI

The proofs and the first draft were generated with GPT-6 Astra; GPT-5.6 Sol and Claude Opus 5 were used for editorial review; the explicit verification of the AEHK construction and the Lean formalization were developed with OpenAI Codex (GPT-6). The author checked the arguments and is responsible for the content.

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Erdős Problem 917: twelve-critical graphs with (2/5+o(1))n^2 edges, with a complete Lean 4 formalization

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