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[pull] master from TheAlgorithms:master #219

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pull merged 1 commit into AlgorithmAndLeetCode:master from TheAlgorithms:master
Dec 10, 2025
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25 changes: 13 additions & 12 deletions DIRECTORY.md
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
* [Graph Coloring](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/graph_coloring.rs)
* [Hamiltonian Cycle](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/hamiltonian_cycle.rs)
* [Knight Tour](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/knight_tour.rs)
* [NQueens](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/n_queens.rs)
* [N-Queens](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/n_queens.rs)
* [Parentheses Generator](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/parentheses_generator.rs)
* [Permutations](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/permutations.rs)
* [Rat In Maze](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/backtracking/rat_in_maze.rs)
Expand All @@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
* [N Bits Gray Code](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/bit_manipulation/n_bits_gray_code.rs)
* [Reverse Bits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/bit_manipulation/reverse_bits.rs)
* [Sum Of Two Integers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/bit_manipulation/sum_of_two_integers.rs)
* [Swap Odd and Even Bits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/bit_manipulation/swap_odd_even_bits.rs)
* Ciphers
* [Aes](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/aes.rs)
* [Another Rot13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/another_rot13.rs)
* [AES](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/aes.rs)
* [Another ROT13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/another_rot13.rs)
* [Baconian Cipher](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/baconian_cipher.rs)
* [Base64](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/base64.rs)
* [Blake2B](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/blake2b.rs)
Expand All @@ -36,15 +37,15 @@
* [Morse Code](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/morse_code.rs)
* [Polybius](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/polybius.rs)
* [Rail Fence](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/rail_fence.rs)
* [Rot13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/rot13.rs)
* [ROT13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/rot13.rs)
* [Salsa](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/salsa.rs)
* [SHA-256](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/sha256.rs)
* [SHA-3](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/sha3.rs)
* [Tea](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/tea.rs)
* [Theoretical Rot13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/theoretical_rot13.rs)
* [Theoretical ROT13](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/theoretical_rot13.rs)
* [Transposition](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/transposition.rs)
* [Vigenere](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/vigenere.rs)
* [Xor](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/xor.rs)
* [XOR](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/ciphers/xor.rs)
* Compression
* [Move To Front](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/compression/move_to_front.rs)
* [Run Length Encoding](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/compression/run_length_encoding.rs)
Expand All @@ -65,7 +66,7 @@
* [RGB-CMYK Conversion](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/conversions/rgb_cmyk_conversion.rs)
* Data Structures
* [AVL Tree](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/avl_tree.rs)
* [BTree](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/b_tree.rs)
* [B-Tree](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/b_tree.rs)
* [Binary Search Tree](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/binary_search_tree.rs)
* [Fenwick Tree](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/fenwick_tree.rs)
* [Floyds Algorithm](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/data_structures/floyds_algorithm.rs)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -175,14 +176,14 @@
* [Lib](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/lib.rs)
* Machine Learning
* [Cholesky](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/cholesky.rs)
* [KMeans](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/k_means.rs)
* [K-Means](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/k_means.rs)
* [Linear Regression](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/linear_regression.rs)
* [Logistic Regression](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/logistic_regression.rs)
* Loss Function
* [Average Margin Ranking Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/average_margin_ranking_loss.rs)
* [Hinge Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/hinge_loss.rs)
* [Huber Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/huber_loss.rs)
* [Kl Divergence Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/kl_divergence_loss.rs)
* [KL Divergence Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/kl_divergence_loss.rs)
* [Mean Absolute Error Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/mean_absolute_error_loss.rs)
* [Mean Squared Error Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/mean_squared_error_loss.rs)
* [Negative Log Likelihood](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/machine_learning/loss_function/negative_log_likelihood.rs)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -223,7 +224,7 @@
* [Frizzy Number](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/frizzy_number.rs)
* [Gaussian Elimination](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/gaussian_elimination.rs)
* [Gaussian Error Linear Unit](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/gaussian_error_linear_unit.rs)
* [Gcd Of N Numbers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/gcd_of_n_numbers.rs)
* [GCD Of N Numbers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/gcd_of_n_numbers.rs)
* [Geometric Series](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/geometric_series.rs)
* [Greatest Common Divisor](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/greatest_common_divisor.rs)
* [Huber Loss](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/huber_loss.rs)
Expand All @@ -232,7 +233,7 @@
* [Interpolation](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/interpolation.rs)
* [Interquartile Range](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/interquartile_range.rs)
* [Karatsuba Multiplication](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/karatsuba_multiplication.rs)
* [Lcm Of N Numbers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/lcm_of_n_numbers.rs)
* [LCM Of N Numbers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/lcm_of_n_numbers.rs)
* [Leaky Relu](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/leaky_relu.rs)
* [Least Square Approx](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/least_square_approx.rs)
* [Linear Sieve](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/math/linear_sieve.rs)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -325,7 +326,7 @@
* [Patience Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/patience_sort.rs)
* [Pigeonhole Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/pigeonhole_sort.rs)
* [Quick Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/quick_sort.rs)
* [Quick Sort 3_ways](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/quick_sort_3_ways.rs)
* [Quick Sort 3-ways](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/quick_sort_3_ways.rs)
* [Radix Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/radix_sort.rs)
* [Selection Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/selection_sort.rs)
* [Shell Sort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Rust/blob/master/src/sorting/shell_sort.rs)
Expand Down
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions src/bit_manipulation/mod.rs
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Expand Up @@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ mod highest_set_bit;
mod n_bits_gray_code;
mod reverse_bits;
mod sum_of_two_integers;
mod swap_odd_even_bits;

pub use counting_bits::count_set_bits;
pub use highest_set_bit::find_highest_set_bit;
pub use n_bits_gray_code::generate_gray_code;
pub use reverse_bits::reverse_bits;
pub use sum_of_two_integers::add_two_integers;
pub use swap_odd_even_bits::swap_odd_even_bits;
72 changes: 72 additions & 0 deletions src/bit_manipulation/swap_odd_even_bits.rs
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@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
/// Swaps odd and even bits in an integer.
///
/// This function separates the even bits (0, 2, 4, 6, etc.) and odd bits (1, 3, 5, 7, etc.)
/// using bitwise AND operations, then swaps them by shifting and combining with OR.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `num` - A 32-bit unsigned integer
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new integer with odd and even bits swapped
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use the_algorithms_rust::bit_manipulation::swap_odd_even_bits;
///
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(0), 0);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(1), 2);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(2), 1);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(3), 3);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(4), 8);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(5), 10);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(6), 9);
/// assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(23), 43);
/// ```
pub fn swap_odd_even_bits(num: u32) -> u32 {
// Get all even bits - 0xAAAAAAAA is a 32-bit number with all even bits set to 1
let even_bits = num & 0xAAAAAAAA;

// Get all odd bits - 0x55555555 is a 32-bit number with all odd bits set to 1
let odd_bits = num & 0x55555555;

// Right shift even bits and left shift odd bits and swap them
(even_bits >> 1) | (odd_bits << 1)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;

#[test]
fn test_swap_odd_even_bits() {
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(0), 0);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(1), 2);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(2), 1);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(3), 3);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(4), 8);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(5), 10);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(6), 9);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(23), 43);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(24), 36);
}

#[test]
fn test_edge_cases() {
// All bits set
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(0xFFFFFFFF), 0xFFFFFFFF);

// Alternating patterns
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(0xAAAAAAAA), 0x55555555);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(0x55555555), 0xAAAAAAAA);
}

#[test]
fn test_power_of_two() {
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(16), 32);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(32), 16);
assert_eq!(swap_odd_even_bits(64), 128);
}
}

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