import wooldridge as wooimport numpy as npimport pandas as pdimport scipy.stats as statsaudit = woo.dataWoo('audit')y = audit['y']# automated calculation of t statistic for H0 (mu=0):test_auto = stats.ttest_1samp(y, popmean=0)t_auto = test_auto.statistic # access test statisticp_auto = test_auto.pvalue # access two-sided p valueprint(f't_auto: {t_auto}\n')print(f'p_auto/2: {p_auto / 2}\n')# manual calculation of t statistic for H0 (mu=0):avgy = np.mean(y)n = len(y)sdy = np.std(y, ddof=1)se = sdy / np.sqrt(n)t_manual = avgy / seprint(f't_manual: {t_manual}\n')# critical values for t distribution with n-1=240 d.f.:alpha_one_tailed = np.array([0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.01, 0.005, .001])CV = stats.t.ppf(1 - alpha_one_tailed, 240)table = pd.DataFrame({'alpha_one_tailed': alpha_one_tailed, 'CV': CV})print(f'table: \n{table}\n')
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