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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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 * accompanied this code).
 *
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package java.sql;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;

/**
 * <P>The object used for executing a static SQL statement
 * and returning the results it produces.
 * <P>
 * By default, only one <code>ResultSet</code> object per <code>Statement</code>
 * object can be open at the same time. Therefore, if the reading of one
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object is interleaved
 * with the reading of another, each must have been generated by
 * different <code>Statement</code> objects. All execution methods in the
 * <code>Statement</code> interface implicitly close a current
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object of the statement if an open one exists.
 *
 * @see Connection#createStatement
 * @see ResultSet
 * @since 1.1
 */
public interface Statement extends Wrapper, AutoCloseable {

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which returns a single
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object.
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql an SQL statement to be sent to the database, typically a
 * static SQL <code>SELECT</code> statement
 * @return a <code>ResultSet</code> object that contains the data produced
 * by the given query; never <code>null</code>
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the given
 * SQL statement produces anything other than a single
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 */
 ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an <code>INSERT</code>,
 * <code>UPDATE</code>, or <code>DELETE</code> statement or an
 * SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the given
 * SQL statement produces a <code>ResultSet</code> object, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 */
 int executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Releases this <code>Statement</code> object's database
 * and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for
 * this to happen when it is automatically closed.
 * It is generally good practice to release resources as soon as
 * you are finished with them to avoid tying up database
 * resources.
 * <P>
 * Calling the method <code>close</code> on a <code>Statement</code>
 * object that is already closed has no effect.
 * <P>
 * <B>Note:</B>When a <code>Statement</code> object is
 * closed, its current <code>ResultSet</code> object, if one exists, is
 * also closed.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
 */
 void close() throws SQLException;

 //----------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
 * Retrieves the maximum number of bytes that can be
 * returned for character and binary column values in a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object produced by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * This limit applies only to <code>BINARY</code>, <code>VARBINARY</code>,
 * <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>, <code>CHAR</code>, <code>VARCHAR</code>,
 * <code>NCHAR</code>, <code>NVARCHAR</code>, <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code>
 * and <code>LONGVARCHAR</code> columns. If the limit is exceeded, the
 * excess data is silently discarded.
 *
 * @return the current column size limit for columns storing character and
 * binary values; zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #setMaxFieldSize
 */
 int getMaxFieldSize() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the limit for the maximum number of bytes that can be returned for
 * character and binary column values in a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object produced by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 *
 * This limit applies
 * only to <code>BINARY</code>, <code>VARBINARY</code>,
 * <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>, <code>CHAR</code>, <code>VARCHAR</code>,
 * <code>NCHAR</code>, <code>NVARCHAR</code>, <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code> and
 * <code>LONGVARCHAR</code> fields. If the limit is exceeded, the excess data
 * is silently discarded. For maximum portability, use values
 * greater than 256.
 *
 * @param max the new column size limit in bytes; zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * or the condition {@code max >= 0} is not satisfied
 * @see #getMaxFieldSize
 */
 void setMaxFieldSize(int max) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object produced by this
 * <code>Statement</code> object can contain. If this limit is exceeded,
 * the excess rows are silently dropped.
 *
 * @return the current maximum number of rows for a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object produced by this <code>Statement</code> object;
 * zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #setMaxRows
 */
 int getMaxRows() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object generated by this <code>Statement</code>
 * object can contain to the given number.
 * If the limit is exceeded, the excess
 * rows are silently dropped.
 *
 * @param max the new max rows limit; zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * or the condition {@code max >= 0} is not satisfied
 * @see #getMaxRows
 */
 void setMaxRows(int max) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets escape processing on or off.
 * If escape scanning is on (the default), the driver will do
 * escape substitution before sending the SQL statement to the database.
 *<p>
 * The {@code Connection} and {@code DataSource} property
 * {@code escapeProcessing} may be used to change the default escape processing
 * behavior. A value of true (the default) enables escape Processing for
 * all {@code Statement} objects. A value of false disables escape processing
 * for all {@code Statement} objects. The {@code setEscapeProcessing}
 * method may be used to specify the escape processing behavior for an
 * individual {@code Statement} object.
 * <p>
 * Note: Since prepared statements have usually been parsed prior
 * to making this call, disabling escape processing for
 * <code>PreparedStatements</code> objects will have no effect.
 *
 * @param enable <code>true</code> to enable escape processing;
 * <code>false</code> to disable it
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 */
 void setEscapeProcessing(boolean enable) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the number of seconds the driver will
 * wait for a <code>Statement</code> object to execute.
 * If the limit is exceeded, a
 * <code>SQLException</code> is thrown.
 *
 * @return the current query timeout limit in seconds; zero means there is
 * no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #setQueryTimeout
 */
 int getQueryTimeout() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the number of seconds the driver will wait for a
 * <code>Statement</code> object to execute to the given number of seconds.
 *By default there is no limit on the amount of time allowed for a running
 * statement to complete. If the limit is exceeded, an
 * <code>SQLTimeoutException</code> is thrown.
 * A JDBC driver must apply this limit to the <code>execute</code>,
 * <code>executeQuery</code> and <code>executeUpdate</code> methods.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong> JDBC driver implementations may also apply this
 * limit to {@code ResultSet} methods
 * (consult your driver vendor documentation for details).
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong> In the case of {@code Statement} batching, it is
 * implementation defined as to whether the time-out is applied to
 * individual SQL commands added via the {@code addBatch} method or to
 * the entire batch of SQL commands invoked by the {@code executeBatch}
 * method (consult your driver vendor documentation for details).
 *
 * @param seconds the new query timeout limit in seconds; zero means
 * there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * or the condition {@code seconds >= 0} is not satisfied
 * @see #getQueryTimeout
 */
 void setQueryTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Cancels this <code>Statement</code> object if both the DBMS and
 * driver support aborting an SQL statement.
 * This method can be used by one thread to cancel a statement that
 * is being executed by another thread.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method
 */
 void cancel() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * Subsequent <code>Statement</code> object warnings will be chained to this
 * <code>SQLWarning</code> object.
 *
 * <p>The warning chain is automatically cleared each time
 * a statement is (re)executed. This method may not be called on a closed
 * <code>Statement</code> object; doing so will cause an <code>SQLException</code>
 * to be thrown.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> If you are processing a <code>ResultSet</code> object, any
 * warnings associated with reads on that <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * will be chained on it rather than on the <code>Statement</code>
 * object that produced it.
 *
 * @return the first <code>SQLWarning</code> object or <code>null</code>
 * if there are no warnings
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 */
 SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Clears all the warnings reported on this <code>Statement</code>
 * object. After a call to this method,
 * the method <code>getWarnings</code> will return
 * <code>null</code> until a new warning is reported for this
 * <code>Statement</code> object.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 */
 void clearWarnings() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the SQL cursor name to the given <code>String</code>, which
 * will be used by subsequent <code>Statement</code> object
 * <code>execute</code> methods. This name can then be
 * used in SQL positioned update or delete statements to identify the
 * current row in the <code>ResultSet</code> object generated by this
 * statement. If the database does not support positioned update/delete,
 * this method is a noop. To insure that a cursor has the proper isolation
 * level to support updates, the cursor's <code>SELECT</code> statement
 * should have the form <code>SELECT FOR UPDATE</code>. If
 * <code>FOR UPDATE</code> is not present, positioned updates may fail.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> By definition, the execution of positioned updates and
 * deletes must be done by a different <code>Statement</code> object than
 * the one that generated the <code>ResultSet</code> object being used for
 * positioning. Also, cursor names must be unique within a connection.
 *
 * @param name the new cursor name, which must be unique within
 * a connection
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 */
 void setCursorName(String name) throws SQLException;

 //----------------------- Multiple Results --------------------------

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results.
 * In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return
 * multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore
 * this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may
 * return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an
 * unknown SQL string.
 * <P>
 * The <code>execute</code> method executes an SQL statement and indicates the
 * form of the first result. You must then use the methods
 * <code>getResultSet</code> or <code>getUpdateCount</code>
 * to retrieve the result, and <code>getMoreResults</code> to
 * move to any subsequent result(s).
 * <p>
 *<strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql any SQL statement
 * @return <code>true</code> if the first result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there are
 * no results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>,
 * the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @see #getResultSet
 * @see #getUpdateCount
 * @see #getMoreResults
 */
 boolean execute(String sql) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the current result as a <code>ResultSet</code> object.
 * This method should be called only once per result.
 *
 * @return the current result as a <code>ResultSet</code> object or
 * <code>null</code> if the result is an update count or there are no more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #execute
 */
 ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the current result as an update count;
 * if the result is a <code>ResultSet</code> object or there are no more results, -1
 * is returned. This method should be called only once per result.
 *
 * @return the current result as an update count; -1 if the current result is a
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object or there are no more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #execute
 */
 int getUpdateCount() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Moves to this <code>Statement</code> object's next result, returns
 * <code>true</code> if it is a <code>ResultSet</code> object, and
 * implicitly closes any current <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object(s) obtained with the method <code>getResultSet</code>.
 *
 * <P>There are no more results when the following is true:
 * <PRE>{@code
 * // stmt is a Statement object
 * ((stmt.getMoreResults() == false) && (stmt.getUpdateCount() == -1))
 * }</PRE>
 *
 * @return <code>true</code> if the next result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there are
 * no more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #execute
 */
 boolean getMoreResults() throws SQLException;


 //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------


 /**
 * Gives the driver a hint as to the direction in which
 * rows will be processed in <code>ResultSet</code>
 * objects created using this <code>Statement</code> object. The
 * default value is <code>ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD</code>.
 * <P>
 * Note that this method sets the default fetch direction for
 * result sets generated by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * Each result set has its own methods for getting and setting
 * its own fetch direction.
 *
 * @param direction the initial direction for processing rows
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * or the given direction
 * is not one of <code>ResultSet.FETCH_FORWARD</code>,
 * <code>ResultSet.FETCH_REVERSE</code>, or <code>ResultSet.FETCH_UNKNOWN</code>
 * @since 1.2
 * @see #getFetchDirection
 */
 void setFetchDirection(int direction) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the direction for fetching rows from
 * database tables that is the default for result sets
 * generated from this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * If this <code>Statement</code> object has not set
 * a fetch direction by calling the method <code>setFetchDirection</code>,
 * the return value is implementation-specific.
 *
 * @return the default fetch direction for result sets generated
 * from this <code>Statement</code> object
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 * @see #setFetchDirection
 */
 int getFetchDirection() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Gives the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should
 * be fetched from the database when more rows are needed for
 * <code>ResultSet</code> objects generated by this <code>Statement</code>.
 * If the value specified is zero, then the hint is ignored.
 * The default value is zero.
 *
 * @param rows the number of rows to fetch
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code> or the
 * condition {@code rows >= 0} is not satisfied.
 * @since 1.2
 * @see #getFetchSize
 */
 void setFetchSize(int rows) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the number of result set rows that is the default
 * fetch size for <code>ResultSet</code> objects
 * generated from this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * If this <code>Statement</code> object has not set
 * a fetch size by calling the method <code>setFetchSize</code>,
 * the return value is implementation-specific.
 *
 * @return the default fetch size for result sets generated
 * from this <code>Statement</code> object
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 * @see #setFetchSize
 */
 int getFetchSize() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the result set concurrency for <code>ResultSet</code> objects
 * generated by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 *
 * @return either <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
 * <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 int getResultSetConcurrency() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the result set type for <code>ResultSet</code> objects
 * generated by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 *
 * @return one of <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>,
 * <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
 * <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 int getResultSetType() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Adds the given SQL command to the current list of commands for this
 * <code>Statement</code> object. The commands in this list can be
 * executed as a batch by calling the method <code>executeBatch</code>.
 * <P>
 *<strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql typically this is a SQL <code>INSERT</code> or
 * <code>UPDATE</code> statement
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the
 * driver does not support batch updates, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @see #executeBatch
 * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsBatchUpdates
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void addBatch( String sql ) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Empties this <code>Statement</code> object's current list of
 * SQL commands.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code> or the
 * driver does not support batch updates
 * @see #addBatch
 * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsBatchUpdates
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void clearBatch() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and
 * if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts.
 * The <code>int</code> elements of the array that is returned are ordered
 * to correspond to the commands in the batch, which are ordered
 * according to the order in which they were added to the batch.
 * The elements in the array returned by the method <code>executeBatch</code>
 * may be one of the following:
 * <OL>
 * <LI>A number greater than or equal to zero -- indicates that the
 * command was processed successfully and is an update count giving the
 * number of rows in the database that were affected by the command's
 * execution
 * <LI>A value of <code>SUCCESS_NO_INFO</code> -- indicates that the command was
 * processed successfully but that the number of rows affected is
 * unknown
 * <P>
 * If one of the commands in a batch update fails to execute properly,
 * this method throws a <code>BatchUpdateException</code>, and a JDBC
 * driver may or may not continue to process the remaining commands in
 * the batch. However, the driver's behavior must be consistent with a
 * particular DBMS, either always continuing to process commands or never
 * continuing to process commands. If the driver continues processing
 * after a failure, the array returned by the method
 * <code>BatchUpdateException.getUpdateCounts</code>
 * will contain as many elements as there are commands in the batch, and
 * at least one of the elements will be the following:
 *
 * <LI>A value of <code>EXECUTE_FAILED</code> -- indicates that the command failed
 * to execute successfully and occurs only if a driver continues to
 * process commands after a command fails
 * </OL>
 * <P>
 * The possible implementations and return values have been modified in
 * the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 to
 * accommodate the option of continuing to process commands in a batch
 * update after a <code>BatchUpdateException</code> object has been thrown.
 *
 * @return an array of update counts containing one element for each
 * command in the batch. The elements of the array are ordered according
 * to the order in which commands were added to the batch.
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code> or the
 * driver does not support batch statements. Throws {@link BatchUpdateException}
 * (a subclass of <code>SQLException</code>) if one of the commands sent to the
 * database fails to execute properly or attempts to return a result set.
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 *
 * @see #addBatch
 * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsBatchUpdates
 * @since 1.2
 */
 int[] executeBatch() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the <code>Connection</code> object
 * that produced this <code>Statement</code> object.
 * @return the connection that produced this statement
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;

 //--------------------------JDBC 3.0-----------------------------

 /**
 * The constant indicating that the current <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * should be closed when calling <code>getMoreResults</code>.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT = 1;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that the current <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * should not be closed when calling <code>getMoreResults</code>.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT = 2;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that all <code>ResultSet</code> objects that
 * have previously been kept open should be closed when calling
 * <code>getMoreResults</code>.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS = 3;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that a batch statement executed successfully
 * but that no count of the number of rows it affected is available.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int SUCCESS_NO_INFO = -2;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that an error occurred while executing a
 * batch statement.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int EXECUTE_FAILED = -3;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that generated keys should be made
 * available for retrieval.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS = 1;

 /**
 * The constant indicating that generated keys should not be made
 * available for retrieval.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int NO_GENERATED_KEYS = 2;

 /**
 * Moves to this <code>Statement</code> object's next result, deals with
 * any current <code>ResultSet</code> object(s) according to the instructions
 * specified by the given flag, and returns
 * <code>true</code> if the next result is a <code>ResultSet</code> object.
 *
 * <P>There are no more results when the following is true:
 * <PRE>{@code
 * // stmt is a Statement object
 * ((stmt.getMoreResults(current) == false) && (stmt.getUpdateCount() == -1))
 * }</PRE>
 *
 * @param current one of the following <code>Statement</code>
 * constants indicating what should happen to current
 * <code>ResultSet</code> objects obtained using the method
 * <code>getResultSet</code>:
 * <code>Statement.CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT</code>,
 * <code>Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT</code>, or
 * <code>Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS</code>
 * @return <code>true</code> if the next result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there are no
 * more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code> or the argument
 * supplied is not one of the following:
 * <code>Statement.CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT</code>,
 * <code>Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT</code> or
 * <code>Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS</code>
 *@exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
 * <code>DatabaseMetaData.supportsMultipleOpenResults</code> returns
 * <code>false</code> and either
 * <code>Statement.KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT</code> or
 * <code>Statement.CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS</code> are supplied as
 * the argument.
 * @since 1.4
 * @see #execute
 */
 boolean getMoreResults(int current) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves any auto-generated keys created as a result of executing this
 * <code>Statement</code> object. If this <code>Statement</code> object did
 * not generate any keys, an empty <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object is returned.
 *
 *<p><B>Note:</B>If the columns which represent the auto-generated keys were not specified,
 * the JDBC driver implementation will determine the columns which best represent the auto-generated keys.
 *
 * @return a <code>ResultSet</code> object containing the auto-generated key(s)
 * generated by the execution of this <code>Statement</code> object
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.4
 */
 ResultSet getGeneratedKeys() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the
 * given flag about whether the
 * auto-generated keys produced by this <code>Statement</code> object
 * should be made available for retrieval. The driver will ignore the
 * flag if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @param autoGeneratedKeys a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys
 * should be made available for retrieval;
 * one of the following constants:
 * <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
 * <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the given
 * SQL statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object,
 * the given constant is not one of those allowed, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int executeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @param columnIndexes an array of column indexes indicating the columns
 * that should be returned from the inserted row
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the SQL
 * statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object,the second argument
 * supplied to this method is not an
 * <code>int</code> array whose elements are valid column indexes, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int executeUpdate(String sql, int columnIndexes[]) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 * @param columnNames an array of the names of the columns that should be
 * returned from the inserted row
 * @return either the row count for <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code>,
 * or <code>DELETE</code> statements, or 0 for SQL statements
 * that return nothing
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the SQL
 * statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object, the
 * second argument supplied to this method is not a <code>String</code> array
 * whose elements are valid column names, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int executeUpdate(String sql, String columnNames[]) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results,
 * and signals the driver that any
 * auto-generated keys should be made available
 * for retrieval. The driver will ignore this signal if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <P>
 * In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return
 * multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore
 * this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may
 * return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an
 * unknown SQL string.
 * <P>
 * The <code>execute</code> method executes an SQL statement and indicates the
 * form of the first result. You must then use the methods
 * <code>getResultSet</code> or <code>getUpdateCount</code>
 * to retrieve the result, and <code>getMoreResults</code> to
 * move to any subsequent result(s).
 *<p>
 *<strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql any SQL statement
 * @param autoGeneratedKeys a constant indicating whether auto-generated
 * keys should be made available for retrieval using the method
 * <code>getGeneratedKeys</code>; one of the following constants:
 * <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code> or
 * <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
 * @return <code>true</code> if the first result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there are
 * no results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the second
 * parameter supplied to this method is not
 * <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code> or
 * <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>,
 * the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @see #getResultSet
 * @see #getUpdateCount
 * @see #getMoreResults
 * @see #getGeneratedKeys
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 boolean execute(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results,
 * and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <P>
 * Under some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return
 * multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore
 * this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may
 * return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an
 * unknown SQL string.
 * <P>
 * The <code>execute</code> method executes an SQL statement and indicates the
 * form of the first result. You must then use the methods
 * <code>getResultSet</code> or <code>getUpdateCount</code>
 * to retrieve the result, and <code>getMoreResults</code> to
 * move to any subsequent result(s).
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql any SQL statement
 * @param columnIndexes an array of the indexes of the columns in the
 * inserted row that should be made available for retrieval by a
 * call to the method <code>getGeneratedKeys</code>
 * @return <code>true</code> if the first result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there
 * are no results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the
 * elements in the <code>int</code> array passed to this method
 * are not valid column indexes, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @see #getResultSet
 * @see #getUpdateCount
 * @see #getMoreResults
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 boolean execute(String sql, int columnIndexes[]) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may return multiple results,
 * and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <P>
 * In some (uncommon) situations, a single SQL statement may return
 * multiple result sets and/or update counts. Normally you can ignore
 * this unless you are (1) executing a stored procedure that you know may
 * return multiple results or (2) you are dynamically executing an
 * unknown SQL string.
 * <P>
 * The <code>execute</code> method executes an SQL statement and indicates the
 * form of the first result. You must then use the methods
 * <code>getResultSet</code> or <code>getUpdateCount</code>
 * to retrieve the result, and <code>getMoreResults</code> to
 * move to any subsequent result(s).
 *<p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 * @param sql any SQL statement
 * @param columnNames an array of the names of the columns in the inserted
 * row that should be made available for retrieval by a call to the
 * method <code>getGeneratedKeys</code>
 * @return <code>true</code> if the next result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if it is an update count or there
 * are no more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>,the
 * elements of the <code>String</code> array passed to this
 * method are not valid column names, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @see #getResultSet
 * @see #getUpdateCount
 * @see #getMoreResults
 * @see #getGeneratedKeys
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 boolean execute(String sql, String columnNames[]) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the result set holdability for <code>ResultSet</code> objects
 * generated by this <code>Statement</code> object.
 *
 * @return either <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
 * <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */
 int getResultSetHoldability() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves whether this <code>Statement</code> object has been closed. A <code>Statement</code> is closed if the
 * method close has been called on it, or if it is automatically closed.
 * @return true if this <code>Statement</code> object is closed; false if it is still open
 * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
 * @since 1.6
 */
 boolean isClosed() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Requests that a <code>Statement</code> be pooled or not pooled. The value
 * specified is a hint to the statement pool implementation indicating
 * whether the application wants the statement to be pooled. It is up to
 * the statement pool manager as to whether the hint is used.
 * <p>
 * The poolable value of a statement is applicable to both internal
 * statement caches implemented by the driver and external statement caches
 * implemented by application servers and other applications.
 * <p>
 * By default, a <code>Statement</code> is not poolable when created, and
 * a <code>PreparedStatement</code> and <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * are poolable when created.
 *
 * @param poolable requests that the statement be pooled if true and
 * that the statement not be pooled if false
 *
 * @throws SQLException if this method is called on a closed
 * <code>Statement</code>
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setPoolable(boolean poolable)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Returns a value indicating whether the <code>Statement</code>
 * is poolable or not.
 *
 * @return <code>true</code> if the <code>Statement</code>
 * is poolable; <code>false</code> otherwise
 *
 * @throws SQLException if this method is called on a closed
 * <code>Statement</code>
 *
 * @since 1.6
 *
 * @see java.sql.Statement#setPoolable(boolean) setPoolable(boolean)
 */
 boolean isPoolable()
 throws SQLException;

 //--------------------------JDBC 4.1 -----------------------------

 /**
 * Specifies that this {@code Statement} will be closed when all its
 * dependent result sets are closed. If execution of the {@code Statement}
 * does not produce any result sets, this method has no effect.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong> Multiple calls to {@code closeOnCompletion} do
 * not toggle the effect on this {@code Statement}. However, a call to
 * {@code closeOnCompletion} does effect both the subsequent execution of
 * statements, and statements that currently have open, dependent,
 * result sets.
 *
 * @throws SQLException if this method is called on a closed
 * {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.7
 */
 public void closeOnCompletion() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Returns a value indicating whether this {@code Statement} will be
 * closed when all its dependent result sets are closed.
 * @return {@code true} if the {@code Statement} will be closed when all
 * of its dependent result sets are closed; {@code false} otherwise
 * @throws SQLException if this method is called on a closed
 * {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.7
 */
 public boolean isCloseOnCompletion() throws SQLException;


 //--------------------------JDBC 4.2 -----------------------------

 /**
 * Retrieves the current result as an update count; if the result
 * is a <code>ResultSet</code> object or there are no more results, -1
 * is returned. This method should be called only once per result.
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
 *
 * @return the current result as an update count; -1 if the current result
 * is a <code>ResultSet</code> object or there are no more results
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #execute
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long getLargeUpdateCount() throws SQLException {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getLargeUpdateCount not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Sets the limit for the maximum number of rows that any
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object generated by this <code>Statement</code>
 * object can contain to the given number.
 * If the limit is exceeded, the excess
 * rows are silently dropped.
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the row limit may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
 *
 * @param max the new max rows limit; zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * or the condition {@code max >= 0} is not satisfied
 * @see #getMaxRows
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default void setLargeMaxRows(long max) throws SQLException {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("setLargeMaxRows not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Retrieves the maximum number of rows that a
 * <code>ResultSet</code> object produced by this
 * <code>Statement</code> object can contain. If this limit is exceeded,
 * the excess rows are silently dropped.
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row limit may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will return {@code 0}
 *
 * @return the current maximum number of rows for a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object produced by this <code>Statement</code> object;
 * zero means there is no limit
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>
 * @see #setMaxRows
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long getLargeMaxRows() throws SQLException {
 return 0;
 }

 /**
 * Submits a batch of commands to the database for execution and
 * if all commands execute successfully, returns an array of update counts.
 * The <code>long</code> elements of the array that is returned are ordered
 * to correspond to the commands in the batch, which are ordered
 * according to the order in which they were added to the batch.
 * The elements in the array returned by the method {@code executeLargeBatch}
 * may be one of the following:
 * <OL>
 * <LI>A number greater than or equal to zero -- indicates that the
 * command was processed successfully and is an update count giving the
 * number of rows in the database that were affected by the command's
 * execution
 * <LI>A value of <code>SUCCESS_NO_INFO</code> -- indicates that the command was
 * processed successfully but that the number of rows affected is
 * unknown
 * <P>
 * If one of the commands in a batch update fails to execute properly,
 * this method throws a <code>BatchUpdateException</code>, and a JDBC
 * driver may or may not continue to process the remaining commands in
 * the batch. However, the driver's behavior must be consistent with a
 * particular DBMS, either always continuing to process commands or never
 * continuing to process commands. If the driver continues processing
 * after a failure, the array returned by the method
 * <code>BatchUpdateException.getLargeUpdateCounts</code>
 * will contain as many elements as there are commands in the batch, and
 * at least one of the elements will be the following:
 *
 * <LI>A value of <code>EXECUTE_FAILED</code> -- indicates that the command failed
 * to execute successfully and occurs only if a driver continues to
 * process commands after a command fails
 * </OL>
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
 *
 * @return an array of update counts containing one element for each
 * command in the batch. The elements of the array are ordered according
 * to the order in which commands were added to the batch.
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code> or the
 * driver does not support batch statements. Throws {@link BatchUpdateException}
 * (a subclass of <code>SQLException</code>) if one of the commands sent to the
 * database fails to execute properly or attempts to return a result set.
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 *
 * @see #addBatch
 * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsBatchUpdates
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long[] executeLargeBatch() throws SQLException {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("executeLargeBatch not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement, which may be an <code>INSERT</code>,
 * <code>UPDATE</code>, or <code>DELETE</code> statement or an
 * SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
 *
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
 * such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language
 * (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the given
 * SQL statement produces a <code>ResultSet</code> object, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver with the
 * given flag about whether the
 * auto-generated keys produced by this <code>Statement</code> object
 * should be made available for retrieval. The driver will ignore the
 * flag if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
 *
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
 * such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @param autoGeneratedKeys a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys
 * should be made available for retrieval;
 * one of the following constants:
 * <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
 * <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the given
 * SQL statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object,
 * the given constant is not one of those allowed, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)
 throws SQLException {
 throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
 *
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
 * such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @param columnIndexes an array of column indexes indicating the columns
 * that should be returned from the inserted row
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the SQL
 * statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object,the second argument
 * supplied to this method is not an
 * <code>int</code> array whose elements are valid column indexes, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, int columnIndexes[]) throws SQLException {
 throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Executes the given SQL statement and signals the driver that the
 * auto-generated keys indicated in the given array should be made available
 * for retrieval. This array contains the names of the columns in the
 * target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
 * available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
 * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
 * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>This method cannot be called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>.
 *<p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
 *
 * @param sql an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
 * such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 * @param columnNames an array of the names of the columns that should be
 * returned from the inserted row
 * @return either the row count for <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code>,
 * or <code>DELETE</code> statements, or 0 for SQL statements
 * that return nothing
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
 * this method is called on a closed <code>Statement</code>, the SQL
 * statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object, the
 * second argument supplied to this method is not a <code>String</code> array
 * whose elements are valid column names, the method is called on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> or <code>CallableStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long executeLargeUpdate(String sql, String columnNames[])
 throws SQLException {
 throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
 }

 // JDBC 4.3

 /**
 * Returns a {@code String} enclosed in single quotes. Any occurrence of a
 * single quote within the string will be replaced by two single quotes.
 *
 * <blockquote>
 * <table class="striped">
 * <caption>Examples of the conversion:</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr><th scope="col">Value</th><th scope="col">Result</th></tr>
 * </thead>
 * <tbody style="text-align:center">
 * <tr> <th scope="row">Hello</th> <td>'Hello'</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">G'Day</th> <td>'G''Day'</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">'G''Day'</th>
 * <td>'''G''''Day'''</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">I'''M</th> <td>'I''''''M'</td>
 * </tr>
 *
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 * </blockquote>
 * @implNote
 * JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation
 * of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying
 * datasource.
 * @param val a character string
 * @return A string enclosed by single quotes with every single quote
 * converted to two single quotes
 * @throws NullPointerException if val is {@code null}
 * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
 *
 * @since 9
 */
 default String enquoteLiteral(String val) throws SQLException {
 return "'" + val.replace("'", "''") + "'";
 }


 /**
 * Returns a SQL identifier. If {@code identifier} is a simple SQL identifier:
 * <ul>
 * <li>Return the original value if {@code alwaysQuote} is
 * {@code false}</li>
 * <li>Return a delimited identifier if {@code alwaysQuote} is
 * {@code true}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * If {@code identifier} is not a simple SQL identifier, {@code identifier} will be
 * enclosed in double quotes if not already present. If the datasource does
 * not support double quotes for delimited identifiers, the
 * identifier should be enclosed by the string returned from
 * {@link DatabaseMetaData#getIdentifierQuoteString}. If the datasource
 * does not support delimited identifiers, a
 * {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException} should be thrown.
 * <p>
 * A {@code SQLException} will be thrown if {@code identifier} contains any
 * characters invalid in a delimited identifier or the identifier length is
 * invalid for the datasource.
 *
 * @implSpec
 * The default implementation uses the following criteria to
 * determine a valid simple SQL identifier:
 * <ul>
 * <li>The string is not enclosed in double quotes</li>
 * <li>The first character is an alphabetic character from a through z, or
 * from A through Z</li>
 * <li>The name only contains alphanumeric characters or the character "_"</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * The default implementation will throw a {@code SQLException} if:
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@code identifier} contains a {@code null} character or double quote and is not
 * a simple SQL identifier.</li>
 * <li>The length of {@code identifier} is less than 1 or greater than 128 characters
 * </ul>
 * <blockquote>
 * <table class="striped" >
 * <caption>Examples of the conversion:</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="col">identifier</th>
 * <th scope="col">alwaysQuote</th>
 * <th scope="col">Result</th></tr>
 * </thead>
 * <tbody>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hello</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>Hello</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hello</th>
 * <td>true</td>
 * <td>"Hello"</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">G'Day</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>"G'Day"</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">"Bruce Wayne"</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>"Bruce Wayne"</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">"Bruce Wayne"</th>
 * <td>true</td>
 * <td>"Bruce Wayne"</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">GoodDay$</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>"GoodDay$"</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hello"World</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>SQLException</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">"Hello"World"</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * <td>SQLException</td>
 * </tr>
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 * </blockquote>
 * @implNote
 * JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation
 * of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying
 * datasource.
 * @param identifier a SQL identifier
 * @param alwaysQuote indicates if a simple SQL identifier should be
 * returned as a quoted identifier
 * @return A simple SQL identifier or a delimited identifier
 * @throws SQLException if identifier is not a valid identifier
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the datasource does not support
 * delimited identifiers
 * @throws NullPointerException if identifier is {@code null}
 *
 * @since 9
 */
 default String enquoteIdentifier(String identifier, boolean alwaysQuote) throws SQLException {
 int len = identifier.length();
 if (len < 1 || len > 128) {
 throw new SQLException("Invalid name");
 }
 if (Pattern.compile("[\\p{Alpha}][\\p{Alnum}_]*").matcher(identifier).matches()) {
 return alwaysQuote ? "\"" + identifier + "\"" : identifier;
 }
 if (identifier.matches("^\".+\"$")) {
 identifier = identifier.substring(1, len - 1);
 }
 if (Pattern.compile("[^\u0000\"]+").matcher(identifier).matches()) {
 return "\"" + identifier + "\"";
 } else {
 throw new SQLException("Invalid name");
 }
 }

 /**
 * Retrieves whether {@code identifier} is a simple SQL identifier.
 *
 * @implSpec The default implementation uses the following criteria to
 * determine a valid simple SQL identifier:
 * <ul>
 * <li>The string is not enclosed in double quotes</li>
 * <li>The first character is an alphabetic character from a through z, or
 * from A through Z</li>
 * <li>The string only contains alphanumeric characters or the character
 * "_"</li>
 * <li>The string is between 1 and 128 characters in length inclusive</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <blockquote>
 * <table class="striped" >
 * <caption>Examples of the conversion:</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="col">identifier</th>
 * <th scope="col">Simple Identifier</th>
 * </thead>
 *
 * <tbody>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hello</th>
 * <td>true</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">G'Day</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">"Bruce Wayne"</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">GoodDay$</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hello"World</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">"Hello"World"</th>
 * <td>false</td>
 * </tr>
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 * </blockquote>
 * @implNote JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own
 * implementation of this method in order to meet the requirements of the
 * underlying datasource.
 * @param identifier a SQL identifier
 * @return true if a simple SQL identifier, false otherwise
 * @throws NullPointerException if identifier is {@code null}
 * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
 *
 * @since 9
 */
 default boolean isSimpleIdentifier(String identifier) throws SQLException {
 int len = identifier.length();
 return len >= 1 && len <= 128
 && Pattern.compile("[\\p{Alpha}][\\p{Alnum}_]*").matcher(identifier).matches();
 }

 /**
 * Returns a {@code String} representing a National Character Set Literal
 * enclosed in single quotes and prefixed with a upper case letter N.
 * Any occurrence of a single quote within the string will be replaced
 * by two single quotes.
 *
 * <blockquote>
 * <table class="striped">
 * <caption>Examples of the conversion:</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="col">Value</th>
 * <th scope="col">Result</th>
 * </tr>
 * </thead>
 * <tbody>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">Hello</th> <td>N'Hello'</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">G'Day</th> <td>N'G''Day'</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">'G''Day'</th>
 * <td>N'''G''''Day'''</td> </tr>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">I'''M</th> <td>N'I''''''M'</td>
 * <tr> <th scope="row">N'Hello'</th> <td>N'N''Hello'''</td> </tr>
 *
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 * </blockquote>
 * @implNote
 * JDBC driver implementations may need to provide their own implementation
 * of this method in order to meet the requirements of the underlying
 * datasource. An implementation of enquoteNCharLiteral may accept a different
 * set of characters than that accepted by the same drivers implementation of
 * enquoteLiteral.
 * @param val a character string
 * @return the result of replacing every single quote character in the
 * argument by two single quote characters where this entire result is
 * then prefixed with 'N'.
 * @throws NullPointerException if val is {@code null}
 * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
 *
 * @since 9
 */
 default String enquoteNCharLiteral(String val) throws SQLException {
 return "N'" + val.replace("'", "''") + "'";
 }
}