/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.sql;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.
 * <P>A SQL statement is precompiled and stored in a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object. This object can then be used to
 * efficiently execute this statement multiple times.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> The setter methods (<code>setShort</code>, <code>setString</code>,
 * and so on) for setting IN parameter values
 * must specify types that are compatible with the defined SQL type of
 * the input parameter. For instance, if the IN parameter has SQL type
 * <code>INTEGER</code>, then the method <code>setInt</code> should be used.
 *
 * <p>If arbitrary parameter type conversions are required, the method
 * <code>setObject</code> should be used with a target SQL type.
 * <P>
 * In the following example of setting a parameter, <code>con</code> represents
 * an active connection:
 * <PRE>
 * PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES
 * SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?");
 * pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, 153833.00)
 * pstmt.setInt(2, 110592)
 * </PRE>
 *
 * @see Connection#prepareStatement
 * @see ResultSet
 * @since 1.1
 */

public interface PreparedStatement extends Statement {

 /**
 * Executes the SQL query in this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object
 * and returns the <code>ResultSet</code> object generated by the query.
 *
 * @return a <code>ResultSet</code> object that contains the data produced by the
 * query; never <code>null</code>
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code> or the SQL
 * statement does not return a <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 */
 ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the SQL statement in this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object,
 * which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 *
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
 * or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * or the SQL statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 */
 int executeUpdate() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to SQL <code>NULL</code>.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> You must specify the parameter's SQL type.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param sqlType the SQL type code defined in <code>java.sql.Types</code>
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if <code>sqlType</code> is
 * a <code>ARRAY</code>, <code>BLOB</code>, <code>CLOB</code>,
 * <code>DATALINK</code>, <code>JAVA_OBJECT</code>, <code>NCHAR</code>,
 * <code>NCLOB</code>, <code>NVARCHAR</code>, <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code>,
 * <code>REF</code>, <code>ROWID</code>, <code>SQLXML</code>
 * or <code>STRUCT</code> data type and the JDBC driver does not support
 * this data type
 */
 void setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>boolean</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>BIT</code> or <code>BOOLEAN</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement;
 * if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>byte</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>TINYINT</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>short</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>SMALLINT</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setShort(int parameterIndex, short x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>int</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>INTEGER</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setInt(int parameterIndex, int x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>long</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>BIGINT</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setLong(int parameterIndex, long x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>float</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>REAL</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>double</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>DOUBLE</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.math.BigDecimal</code> value.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>NUMERIC</code> value when
 * it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java <code>String</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>VARCHAR</code> or <code>LONGVARCHAR</code> value
 * (depending on the argument's
 * size relative to the driver's limits on <code>VARCHAR</code> values)
 * when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setString(int parameterIndex, String x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes. The driver converts
 * this to an SQL <code>VARBINARY</code> or <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>
 * (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on
 * <code>VARBINARY</code> values) when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte x[]) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Date</code> value
 * using the default time zone of the virtual machine that is running
 * the application.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>DATE</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setDate(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Date x)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Time</code> value.
 * The driver converts this
 * to an SQL <code>TIME</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setTime(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Time x)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Timestamp</code> value.
 * The driver
 * converts this to an SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code> value when it sends it to the
 * database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code> */
 void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Timestamp x)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
 * the specified number of bytes.
 * When a very large ASCII value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code>. Data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
 * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x, int length)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which
 * will have the specified number of bytes.
 *
 * When a very large Unicode value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code> object. The data will be read from the
 * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database char format.
 *
 *The byte format of the Unicode stream must be a Java UTF-8, as defined in the
 *Java Virtual Machine Specification.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x a <code>java.io.InputStream</code> object that contains the
 * Unicode parameter value
 * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method
 * @deprecated Use {@code setCharacterStream}
 */
 @Deprecated(since="1.2")
 void setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
 int length) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
 * the specified number of bytes.
 * When a very large binary value is input to a <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code> object. The data will be read from the
 * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
 * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
 int length) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Clears the current parameter values immediately.
 * <P>In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use of a
 * statement. Setting a parameter value automatically clears its
 * previous value. However, in some cases it is useful to immediately
 * release the resources used by the current parameter values; this can
 * be done by calling the method <code>clearParameters</code>.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 */
 void clearParameters() throws SQLException;

 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Advanced features:

 /**
 * Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 *
 * This method is similar to {@link #setObject(int parameterIndex,
 * Object x, int targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)},
 * except that it assumes a scale of zero.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
 * @param targetSqlType the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
 * sent to the database
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this
 * method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
 * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
 * @see Types
 */
 void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object.
 *
 * <p>The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from
 * Java <code>Object</code> types to SQL types. The given argument
 * will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being
 * sent to the database.
 *
 * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-
 * specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java
 * type.
 *
 * If the object is of a class implementing the interface <code>SQLData</code>,
 * the JDBC driver should call the method <code>SQLData.writeSQL</code>
 * to write it to the SQL data stream.
 * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
 * <code>Ref</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Clob</code>, <code>NClob</code>,
 * <code>Struct</code>, <code>java.net.URL</code>, <code>RowId</code>, <code>SQLXML</code>
 * or <code>Array</code>, the driver should pass it to the database as a
 * value of the corresponding SQL type.
 * <P>
 *<b>Note:</b> Not all databases allow for a non-typed Null to be sent to
 * the backend. For maximum portability, the <code>setNull</code> or the
 * <code>setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int sqlType)</code>
 * method should be used
 * instead of <code>setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x)</code>.
 *<p>
 * <b>Note:</b> This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the
 * object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * or the type of the given object is ambiguous
 */
 void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Executes the SQL statement in this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object,
 * which may be any kind of SQL statement.
 * Some prepared statements return multiple results; the <code>execute</code>
 * method handles these complex statements as well as the simpler
 * form of statements handled by the methods <code>executeQuery</code>
 * and <code>executeUpdate</code>.
 * <P>
 * The <code>execute</code> method returns a <code>boolean</code> to
 * indicate the form of the first result. You must call either the method
 * <code>getResultSet</code> or <code>getUpdateCount</code>
 * to retrieve the result; you must call <code>getMoreResults</code> to
 * move to any subsequent result(s).
 *
 * @return <code>true</code> if the first result is a <code>ResultSet</code>
 * object; <code>false</code> if the first result is an update
 * count or there is no result
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * or an argument is supplied to this method
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @see Statement#execute
 * @see Statement#getResultSet
 * @see Statement#getUpdateCount
 * @see Statement#getMoreResults

 */
 boolean execute() throws SQLException;

 //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------

 /**
 * Adds a set of parameters to this <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * object's batch of commands.
 *
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @see Statement#addBatch
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void addBatch() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>Reader</code>
 * object, which is the given number of characters long.
 * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.Reader</code> object. The data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader the <code>java.io.Reader</code> object that contains the
 * Unicode data
 * @param length the number of characters in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
 java.io.Reader reader,
 int length) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given
 * <code>REF(&lt;structured-type&gt;)</code> value.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>REF</code> value when it
 * sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x an SQL <code>REF</code> value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setRef (int parameterIndex, Ref x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Blob</code> object.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>BLOB</code> value when it
 * sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x a <code>Blob</code> object that maps an SQL <code>BLOB</code> value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setBlob (int parameterIndex, Blob x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Clob</code> object.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>CLOB</code> value when it
 * sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x a <code>Clob</code> object that maps an SQL <code>CLOB</code> value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setClob (int parameterIndex, Clob x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Array</code> object.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>ARRAY</code> value when it
 * sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x an <code>Array</code> object that maps an SQL <code>ARRAY</code> value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setArray (int parameterIndex, Array x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves a <code>ResultSetMetaData</code> object that contains
 * information about the columns of the <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * that will be returned when this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object
 * is executed.
 * <P>
 * Because a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object is precompiled, it is
 * possible to know about the <code>ResultSet</code> object that it will
 * return without having to execute it. Consequently, it is possible
 * to invoke the method <code>getMetaData</code> on a
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object rather than waiting to execute
 * it and then invoking the <code>ResultSet.getMetaData</code> method
 * on the <code>ResultSet</code> object that is returned.
 * <P>
 * <B>NOTE:</B> Using this method may be expensive for some drivers due
 * to the lack of underlying DBMS support.
 *
 * @return the description of a <code>ResultSet</code> object's columns or
 * <code>null</code> if the driver cannot return a
 * <code>ResultSetMetaData</code> object
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
 * this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 ResultSetMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Date</code> value,
 * using the given <code>Calendar</code> object. The driver uses
 * the <code>Calendar</code> object to construct an SQL <code>DATE</code> value,
 * which the driver then sends to the database. With
 * a <code>Calendar</code> object, the driver can calculate the date
 * taking into account a custom timezone. If no
 * <code>Calendar</code> object is specified, the driver uses the default
 * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @param cal the <code>Calendar</code> object the driver will use
 * to construct the date
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setDate(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Date x, Calendar cal)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Time</code> value,
 * using the given <code>Calendar</code> object. The driver uses
 * the <code>Calendar</code> object to construct an SQL <code>TIME</code> value,
 * which the driver then sends to the database. With
 * a <code>Calendar</code> object, the driver can calculate the time
 * taking into account a custom timezone. If no
 * <code>Calendar</code> object is specified, the driver uses the default
 * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @param cal the <code>Calendar</code> object the driver will use
 * to construct the time
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setTime(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Time x, Calendar cal)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.Timestamp</code> value,
 * using the given <code>Calendar</code> object. The driver uses
 * the <code>Calendar</code> object to construct an SQL <code>TIMESTAMP</code> value,
 * which the driver then sends to the database. With a
 * <code>Calendar</code> object, the driver can calculate the timestamp
 * taking into account a custom timezone. If no
 * <code>Calendar</code> object is specified, the driver uses the default
 * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @param cal the <code>Calendar</code> object the driver will use
 * to construct the timestamp
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Timestamp x, Calendar cal)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to SQL <code>NULL</code>.
 * This version of the method <code>setNull</code> should
 * be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters. Examples
 * of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and
 * named array types.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> To be portable, applications must give the
 * SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying
 * a NULL user-defined or REF parameter. In the case of a user-defined type
 * the name is the type name of the parameter itself. For a REF
 * parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type. If
 * a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information,
 * it may ignore it.
 *
 * Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters,
 * this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type.
 * If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given
 * typeName is ignored.
 *
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param sqlType a value from <code>java.sql.Types</code>
 * @param typeName the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type;
 * ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or REF
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if <code>sqlType</code> is
 * a <code>ARRAY</code>, <code>BLOB</code>, <code>CLOB</code>,
 * <code>DATALINK</code>, <code>JAVA_OBJECT</code>, <code>NCHAR</code>,
 * <code>NCLOB</code>, <code>NVARCHAR</code>, <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code>,
 * <code>REF</code>, <code>ROWID</code>, <code>SQLXML</code>
 * or <code>STRUCT</code> data type and the JDBC driver does not support
 * this data type or if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.2
 */
 void setNull (int parameterIndex, int sqlType, String typeName)
 throws SQLException;

 //------------------------- JDBC 3.0 -----------------------------------

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.net.URL</code> value.
 * The driver converts this to an SQL <code>DATALINK</code> value
 * when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the <code>java.net.URL</code> object to be set
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.4
 */
 void setURL(int parameterIndex, java.net.URL x) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Retrieves the number, types and properties of this
 * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object's parameters.
 *
 * @return a <code>ParameterMetaData</code> object that contains information
 * about the number, types and properties for each
 * parameter marker of this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @see ParameterMetaData
 * @since 1.4
 */
 ParameterMetaData getParameterMetaData() throws SQLException;

 //------------------------- JDBC 4.0 -----------------------------------

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.RowId</code> object. The
 * driver converts this to a SQL <code>ROWID</code> value when it sends it
 * to the database
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the parameter value
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setRowId(int parameterIndex, RowId x) throws SQLException;


 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>String</code> object.
 * The driver converts this to a SQL <code>NCHAR</code> or
 * <code>NVARCHAR</code> or <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code> value
 * (depending on the argument's
 * size relative to the driver's limits on <code>NVARCHAR</code> values)
 * when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param value the parameter value
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
 * character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNString(int parameterIndex, String value) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object. The
 * <code>Reader</code> reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The
 * driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to
 * the national character set in the database.
 * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param value the parameter value
 * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
 * character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value, long length) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>java.sql.NClob</code> object. The driver converts this to a
 * SQL <code>NCLOB</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param value the parameter value
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
 * character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNClob(int parameterIndex, NClob value) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object. The reader must contain the number
 * of characters specified by length otherwise a <code>SQLException</code> will be
 * generated when the <code>PreparedStatement</code> is executed.
 *This method differs from the <code>setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)</code> method
 * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
 * the server as a <code>CLOB</code>. When the <code>setCharacterStream</code> method is used, the
 * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code> or a <code>CLOB</code>
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
 * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on
 * a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code> or if the length specified is less than zero.
 *
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>InputStream</code> object.
 * The {@code Inputstream} must contain the number
 * of characters specified by length otherwise a <code>SQLException</code> will be
 * generated when the <code>PreparedStatement</code> is executed.
 * This method differs from the <code>setBinaryStream (int, InputStream, int)</code>
 * method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be
 * sent to the server as a <code>BLOB</code>. When the <code>setBinaryStream</code> method is used,
 * the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGVARBINARY</code> or a <code>BLOB</code>
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1,
 * the second is 2, ...
 * @param inputStream An object that contains the data to set the parameter
 * value to.
 * @param length the number of bytes in the parameter data.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>;
 * if the length specified
 * is less than zero or if the number of bytes in the {@code InputStream} does not match
 * the specified length.
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream, long length)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object. The reader must contain the number
 * of characters specified by length otherwise a <code>SQLException</code> will be
 * generated when the <code>PreparedStatement</code> is executed.
 * This method differs from the <code>setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)</code> method
 * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
 * the server as a <code>NCLOB</code>. When the <code>setCharacterStream</code> method is used, the
 * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code> or a <code>NCLOB</code>
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
 * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero;
 * if the driver does not support national character sets;
 * if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>java.sql.SQLXML</code> object.
 * The driver converts this to an
 * SQL <code>XML</code> value when it sends it to the database.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param xmlObject a <code>SQLXML</code> object that maps an SQL <code>XML</code> value
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * or the <code>java.xml.transform.Result</code>,
 * <code>Writer</code> or <code>OutputStream</code> has not been closed for
 * the <code>SQLXML</code> object
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setSQLXML(int parameterIndex, SQLXML xmlObject) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 *
 * If the second argument is an <code>InputStream</code> then the stream must contain
 * the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength. If the second argument is a
 * <code>Reader</code> then the reader must contain the number of characters specified
 * by scaleOrLength. If these conditions are not true the driver will generate a
 * <code>SQLException</code> when the prepared statement is executed.
 *
 * <p>The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType
 * before being sent to the database.
 *
 * If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the
 * interface <code>SQLData</code>),
 * the JDBC driver should call the method <code>SQLData.writeSQL</code> to
 * write it to the SQL data stream.
 * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
 * <code>Ref</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Clob</code>, <code>NClob</code>,
 * <code>Struct</code>, <code>java.net.URL</code>,
 * or <code>Array</code>, the driver should pass it to the database as a
 * value of the corresponding SQL type.
 *
 * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
 * abstract data types.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
 * @param targetSqlType the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
 * sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.
 * @param scaleOrLength for <code>java.sql.Types.DECIMAL</code>
 * or <code>java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types</code>,
 * this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For
 * Java Object types <code>InputStream</code> and <code>Reader</code>,
 * this is the length
 * of the data in the stream or reader. For all other types,
 * this value will be ignored.
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code> or
 * if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream
 * or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less
 * than zero
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
 * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
 * @see Types
 *
 */
 void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
 * the specified number of bytes.
 * When a very large ASCII value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code>. Data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
 * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x, long length)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
 * the specified number of bytes.
 * When a very large binary value is input to a <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code> object. The data will be read from the
 * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
 * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
 long length) throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>Reader</code>
 * object, which is the given number of characters long.
 * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.Reader</code> object. The data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader the <code>java.io.Reader</code> object that contains the
 * Unicode data
 * @param length the number of characters in the stream
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
 java.io.Reader reader,
 long length) throws SQLException;
 //-----
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
 * When a very large ASCII value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code>. Data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setAsciiStream</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
 * When a very large binary value is input to a <code>LONGVARBINARY</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.InputStream</code> object. The data will be read from the
 * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setBinaryStream</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to the given <code>Reader</code>
 * object.
 * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code>
 * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
 * <code>java.io.Reader</code> object. The data will be read from the stream
 * as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will
 * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setCharacterStream</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader the <code>java.io.Reader</code> object that contains the
 * Unicode data
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
 java.io.Reader reader) throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object. The
 * <code>Reader</code> reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The
 * driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to
 * the national character set in the database.

 * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
 * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
 * standard interface.
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setNCharacterStream</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param value the parameter value
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
 * character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value) throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object.
 * This method differs from the <code>setCharacterStream (int, Reader)</code> method
 * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
 * the server as a <code>CLOB</code>. When the <code>setCharacterStream</code> method is used, the
 * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGVARCHAR</code> or a <code>CLOB</code>
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setClob</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on
 * a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>or if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement
 *
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)
 throws SQLException;

 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>InputStream</code> object.
 * This method differs from the <code>setBinaryStream (int, InputStream)</code>
 * method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be
 * sent to the server as a <code>BLOB</code>. When the <code>setBinaryStream</code> method is used,
 * the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGVARBINARY</code> or a <code>BLOB</code>
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setBlob</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1,
 * the second is 2, ...
 * @param inputStream An object that contains the data to set the parameter
 * value to.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code> or
 * if parameterIndex does not correspond
 * to a parameter marker in the SQL statement,
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream)
 throws SQLException;
 /**
 * Sets the designated parameter to a <code>Reader</code> object.
 * This method differs from the <code>setCharacterStream (int, Reader)</code> method
 * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
 * the server as a <code>NCLOB</code>. When the <code>setCharacterStream</code> method is used, the
 * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
 * data should be sent to the server as a <code>LONGNVARCHAR</code> or a <code>NCLOB</code>
 * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
 * it might be more efficient to use a version of
 * <code>setNClob</code> which takes a length parameter.
 *
 * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
 * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
 * marker in the SQL statement;
 * if the driver does not support national character sets;
 * if the driver can detect that a data conversion
 * error could occur; if a database access error occurs or
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support this method
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
 void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)
 throws SQLException;

 //------------------------- JDBC 4.2 -----------------------------------

 /**
 * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 *
 * If the second argument is an {@code InputStream} then the stream
 * must contain the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength.
 * If the second argument is a {@code Reader} then the reader must
 * contain the number of characters specified by scaleOrLength. If these
 * conditions are not true the driver will generate a
 * {@code SQLException} when the prepared statement is executed.
 *
 * <p>The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType
 * before being sent to the database.
 *
 * If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the
 * interface {@code SQLData}),
 * the JDBC driver should call the method {@code SQLData.writeSQL} to
 * write it to the SQL data stream.
 * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
 * {@code Ref}, {@code Blob}, {@code Clob}, {@code NClob},
 * {@code Struct}, {@code java.net.URL},
 * or {@code Array}, the driver should pass it to the database as a
 * value of the corresponding SQL type.
 *
 * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
 * abstract data types.
 *<P>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
 * @param targetSqlType the SQL type to be sent to the database. The
 * scale argument may further qualify this type.
 * @param scaleOrLength for {@code java.sql.JDBCType.DECIMAL}
 * or {@code java.sql.JDBCType.NUMERIC types},
 * this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For
 * Java Object types {@code InputStream} and {@code Reader},
 * this is the length
 * of the data in the stream or reader. For all other types,
 * this value will be ignored.
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a
 * parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs
 * or this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement} or
 * if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream
 * or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less
 * than zero
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
 * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
 * @see JDBCType
 * @see SQLType
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, SQLType targetSqlType,
 int scaleOrLength) throws SQLException {
 throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("setObject not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
 *
 * This method is similar to {@link #setObject(int parameterIndex,
 * Object x, SQLType targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)},
 * except that it assumes a scale of zero.
 *<P>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
 *
 * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
 * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
 * @param targetSqlType the SQL type to be sent to the database
 * @exception SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a
 * parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs
 * or this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
 * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
 * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
 * @see JDBCType
 * @see SQLType
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, SQLType targetSqlType)
 throws SQLException {
 throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("setObject not implemented");
 }

 /**
 * Executes the SQL statement in this <code>PreparedStatement</code> object,
 * which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
 * such as <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code> or
 * <code>DELETE</code>; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
 * such as a DDL statement.
 * <p>
 * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 * <p>
 * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
 *
 * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language
 * (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
 * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs;
 * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
 * or the SQL statement returns a <code>ResultSet</code> object
 * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
 * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
 * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
 * the currently running {@code Statement}
 * @since 1.8
 */
 default long executeLargeUpdate() throws SQLException {
 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
 }
}