# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
 werkzeug.utils
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 This module implements various utilities for WSGI applications. Most of
 them are used by the request and response wrappers but especially for
 middleware development it makes sense to use them without the wrappers.

 :copyright: 2007 Pallets
 :license: BSD-3-Clause
"""
import codecs
import os
import pkgutil
import re
import sys

from ._compat import iteritems
from ._compat import PY2
from ._compat import reraise
from ._compat import string_types
from ._compat import text_type
from ._compat import unichr
from ._internal import _DictAccessorProperty
from ._internal import _missing
from ._internal import _parse_signature

try:
 from html.entities import name2codepoint
except ImportError:
 from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint


_format_re = re.compile(r"\$(?:(%s)|\{(%s)\})" % (("[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*",) * 2))
_entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);")
_filename_ascii_strip_re = re.compile(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]")
_windows_device_files = (
 "CON",
 "AUX",
 "COM1",
 "COM2",
 "COM3",
 "COM4",
 "LPT1",
 "LPT2",
 "LPT3",
 "PRN",
 "NUL",
)


class cached_property(property):
 """A decorator that converts a function into a lazy property. The
 function wrapped is called the first time to retrieve the result
 and then that calculated result is used the next time you access
 the value::

 class Foo(object):

 @cached_property
 def foo(self):
 # calculate something important here
 return 42

 The class has to have a `__dict__` in order for this property to
 work.
 """

 # implementation detail: A subclass of python's builtin property
 # decorator, we override __get__ to check for a cached value. If one
 # chooses to invoke __get__ by hand the property will still work as
 # expected because the lookup logic is replicated in __get__ for
 # manual invocation.

 def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None):
 self.__name__ = name or func.__name__
 self.__module__ = func.__module__
 self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__
 self.func = func

 def __set__(self, obj, value):
 obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value

 def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
 if obj is None:
 return self
 value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing)
 if value is _missing:
 value = self.func(obj)
 obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value
 return value


def invalidate_cached_property(obj, name):
 """Invalidates the cache for a :class:`cached_property`:

 >>> class Test(object):
 ... @cached_property
 ... def magic_number(self):
 ... print("recalculating...")
 ... return 42
 ...
 >>> var = Test()
 >>> var.magic_number
 recalculating...
 42
 >>> var.magic_number
 42
 >>> invalidate_cached_property(var, "magic_number")
 >>> var.magic_number
 recalculating...
 42

 You must pass the name of the cached property as the second argument.
 """
 if not isinstance(getattr(obj.__class__, name, None), cached_property):
 raise TypeError(
 "Attribute {} of object {} is not a cached_property, "
 "cannot be invalidated".format(name, obj)
 )
 obj.__dict__[name] = _missing


class environ_property(_DictAccessorProperty):
 """Maps request attributes to environment variables. This works not only
 for the Werzeug request object, but also any other class with an
 environ attribute:

 >>> class Test(object):
 ... environ = {'key': 'value'}
 ... test = environ_property('key')
 >>> var = Test()
 >>> var.test
 'value'

 If you pass it a second value it's used as default if the key does not
 exist, the third one can be a converter that takes a value and converts
 it. If it raises :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` the default value
 is used. If no default value is provided `None` is used.

 Per default the property is read only. You have to explicitly enable it
 by passing ``read_only=False`` to the constructor.
 """

 read_only = True

 def lookup(self, obj):
 return obj.environ


class header_property(_DictAccessorProperty):
 """Like `environ_property` but for headers."""

 def lookup(self, obj):
 return obj.headers


class HTMLBuilder(object):
 """Helper object for HTML generation.

 Per default there are two instances of that class. The `html` one, and
 the `xhtml` one for those two dialects. The class uses keyword parameters
 and positional parameters to generate small snippets of HTML.

 Keyword parameters are converted to XML/SGML attributes, positional
 arguments are used as children. Because Python accepts positional
 arguments before keyword arguments it's a good idea to use a list with the
 star-syntax for some children:

 >>> html.p(class_='foo', *[html.a('foo', href='foo.html'), ' ',
 ... html.a('bar', href='bar.html')])
 u'<p class="foo"><a href="foo.html">foo</a> <a href="bar.html">bar</a></p>'

 This class works around some browser limitations and can not be used for
 arbitrary SGML/XML generation. For that purpose lxml and similar
 libraries exist.

 Calling the builder escapes the string passed:

 >>> html.p(html("<foo>"))
 u'<p>&lt;foo&gt;</p>'
 """

 _entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);")
 _entities = name2codepoint.copy()
 _entities["apos"] = 39
 _empty_elements = {
 "area",
 "base",
 "basefont",
 "br",
 "col",
 "command",
 "embed",
 "frame",
 "hr",
 "img",
 "input",
 "keygen",
 "isindex",
 "link",
 "meta",
 "param",
 "source",
 "wbr",
 }
 _boolean_attributes = {
 "selected",
 "checked",
 "compact",
 "declare",
 "defer",
 "disabled",
 "ismap",
 "multiple",
 "nohref",
 "noresize",
 "noshade",
 "nowrap",
 }
 _plaintext_elements = {"textarea"}
 _c_like_cdata = {"script", "style"}

 def __init__(self, dialect):
 self._dialect = dialect

 def __call__(self, s):
 return escape(s)

 def __getattr__(self, tag):
 if tag[:2] == "__":
 raise AttributeError(tag)

 def proxy(*children, **arguments):
 buffer = "<" + tag
 for key, value in iteritems(arguments):
 if value is None:
 continue
 if key[-1] == "_":
 key = key[:-1]
 if key in self._boolean_attributes:
 if not value:
 continue
 if self._dialect == "xhtml":
 value = '="' + key + '"'
 else:
 value = ""
 else:
 value = '="' + escape(value) + '"'
 buffer += " " + key + value
 if not children and tag in self._empty_elements:
 if self._dialect == "xhtml":
 buffer += " />"
 else:
 buffer += ">"
 return buffer
 buffer += ">"

 children_as_string = "".join(
 [text_type(x) for x in children if x is not None]
 )

 if children_as_string:
 if tag in self._plaintext_elements:
 children_as_string = escape(children_as_string)
 elif tag in self._c_like_cdata and self._dialect == "xhtml":
 children_as_string = (
 "/*<![CDATA[*/" + children_as_string + "/*]]>*/"
 )
 buffer += children_as_string + "</" + tag + ">"
 return buffer

 return proxy

 def __repr__(self):
 return "<%s for %r>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._dialect)


html = HTMLBuilder("html")
xhtml = HTMLBuilder("xhtml")

# https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/tree/freedesktop.org.xml.in
# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
# Types listed in the XDG mime info that have a charset in the IANA registration.
_charset_mimetypes = {
 "application/ecmascript",
 "application/javascript",
 "application/sql",
 "application/xml",
 "application/xml-dtd",
 "application/xml-external-parsed-entity",
}


def get_content_type(mimetype, charset):
 """Returns the full content type string with charset for a mimetype.

 If the mimetype represents text, the charset parameter will be
 appended, otherwise the mimetype is returned unchanged.

 :param mimetype: The mimetype to be used as content type.
 :param charset: The charset to be appended for text mimetypes.
 :return: The content type.

 .. versionchanged:: 0.15
 Any type that ends with ``+xml`` gets a charset, not just those
 that start with ``application/``. Known text types such as
 ``application/javascript`` are also given charsets.
 """
 if (
 mimetype.startswith("text/")
 or mimetype in _charset_mimetypes
 or mimetype.endswith("+xml")
 ):
 mimetype += "; charset=" + charset

 return mimetype


def detect_utf_encoding(data):
 """Detect which UTF encoding was used to encode the given bytes.

 The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is
 accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big
 or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM.

 :internal:

 :param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding.
 :return: UTF encoding name

 .. versionadded:: 0.15
 """
 head = data[:4]

 if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
 return "utf-8-sig"

 if b"\x00" not in head:
 return "utf-8"

 if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE):
 return "utf-32"

 if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
 return "utf-16"

 if len(head) == 4:
 if head[:3] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
 return "utf-32-be"

 if head[::2] == b"\x00\x00":
 return "utf-16-be"

 if head[1:] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
 return "utf-32-le"

 if head[1::2] == b"\x00\x00":
 return "utf-16-le"

 if len(head) == 2:
 return "utf-16-be" if head.startswith(b"\x00") else "utf-16-le"

 return "utf-8"


def format_string(string, context):
 """String-template format a string:

 >>> format_string('$foo and ${foo}s', dict(foo=42))
 '42 and 42s'

 This does not do any attribute lookup etc. For more advanced string
 formattings have a look at the `werkzeug.template` module.

 :param string: the format string.
 :param context: a dict with the variables to insert.
 """

 def lookup_arg(match):
 x = context[match.group(1) or match.group(2)]
 if not isinstance(x, string_types):
 x = type(string)(x)
 return x

 return _format_re.sub(lookup_arg, string)


def secure_filename(filename):
 r"""Pass it a filename and it will return a secure version of it. This
 filename can then safely be stored on a regular file system and passed
 to :func:`os.path.join`. The filename returned is an ASCII only string
 for maximum portability.

 On windows systems the function also makes sure that the file is not
 named after one of the special device files.

 >>> secure_filename("My cool movie.mov")
 'My_cool_movie.mov'
 >>> secure_filename("../../../etc/passwd")
 'etc_passwd'
 >>> secure_filename(u'i contain cool \xfcml\xe4uts.txt')
 'i_contain_cool_umlauts.txt'

 The function might return an empty filename. It's your responsibility
 to ensure that the filename is unique and that you abort or
 generate a random filename if the function returned an empty one.

 .. versionadded:: 0.5

 :param filename: the filename to secure
 """
 if isinstance(filename, text_type):
 from unicodedata import normalize

 filename = normalize("NFKD", filename).encode("ascii", "ignore")
 if not PY2:
 filename = filename.decode("ascii")
 for sep in os.path.sep, os.path.altsep:
 if sep:
 filename = filename.replace(sep, " ")
 filename = str(_filename_ascii_strip_re.sub("", "_".join(filename.split()))).strip(
 "._"
 )

 # on nt a couple of special files are present in each folder. We
 # have to ensure that the target file is not such a filename. In
 # this case we prepend an underline
 if (
 os.name == "nt"
 and filename
 and filename.split(".")[0].upper() in _windows_device_files
 ):
 filename = "_" + filename

 return filename


def escape(s):
 """Replace special characters "&", "<", ">" and (") to HTML-safe sequences.

 There is a special handling for `None` which escapes to an empty string.

 .. versionchanged:: 0.9
 `quote` is now implicitly on.

 :param s: the string to escape.
 :param quote: ignored.
 """
 if s is None:
 return ""
 elif hasattr(s, "__html__"):
 return text_type(s.__html__())

 if not isinstance(s, string_types):
 s = text_type(s)

 return (
 s.replace("&", "&amp;")
 .replace("<", "&lt;")
 .replace(">", "&gt;")
 .replace('"', "&quot;")
 )


def unescape(s):
 """The reverse function of `escape`. This unescapes all the HTML
 entities, not only the XML entities inserted by `escape`.

 :param s: the string to unescape.
 """

 def handle_match(m):
 name = m.group(1)
 if name in HTMLBuilder._entities:
 return unichr(HTMLBuilder._entities[name])
 try:
 if name[:2] in ("#x", "#X"):
 return unichr(int(name[2:], 16))
 elif name.startswith("#"):
 return unichr(int(name[1:]))
 except ValueError:
 pass
 return u""

 return _entity_re.sub(handle_match, s)


def redirect(location, code=302, Response=None):
 """Returns a response object (a WSGI application) that, if called,
 redirects the client to the target location. Supported codes are
 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, and 308. 300 is not supported because
 it's not a real redirect and 304 because it's the answer for a
 request with a request with defined If-Modified-Since headers.

 .. versionadded:: 0.6
 The location can now be a unicode string that is encoded using
 the :func:`iri_to_uri` function.

 .. versionadded:: 0.10
 The class used for the Response object can now be passed in.

 :param location: the location the response should redirect to.
 :param code: the redirect status code. defaults to 302.
 :param class Response: a Response class to use when instantiating a
 response. The default is :class:`werkzeug.wrappers.Response` if
 unspecified.
 """
 if Response is None:
 from .wrappers import Response

 display_location = escape(location)
 if isinstance(location, text_type):
 # Safe conversion is necessary here as we might redirect
 # to a broken URI scheme (for instance itms-services).
 from .urls import iri_to_uri

 location = iri_to_uri(location, safe_conversion=True)
 response = Response(
 '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">\n'
 "<title>Redirecting...</title>\n"
 "<h1>Redirecting...</h1>\n"
 "<p>You should be redirected automatically to target URL: "
 '<a href="%s">%s</a>. If not click the link.'
 % (escape(location), display_location),
 code,
 mimetype="text/html",
 )
 response.headers["Location"] = location
 return response


def append_slash_redirect(environ, code=301):
 """Redirects to the same URL but with a slash appended. The behavior
 of this function is undefined if the path ends with a slash already.

 :param environ: the WSGI environment for the request that triggers
 the redirect.
 :param code: the status code for the redirect.
 """
 new_path = environ["PATH_INFO"].strip("/") + "/"
 query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING")
 if query_string:
 new_path += "?" + query_string
 return redirect(new_path, code)


def import_string(import_name, silent=False):
 """Imports an object based on a string. This is useful if you want to
 use import paths as endpoints or something similar. An import path can
 be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``)
 or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``).

 If `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import fails.

 :param import_name: the dotted name for the object to import.
 :param silent: if set to `True` import errors are ignored and
 `None` is returned instead.
 :return: imported object
 """
 # force the import name to automatically convert to strings
 # __import__ is not able to handle unicode strings in the fromlist
 # if the module is a package
 import_name = str(import_name).replace(":", ".")
 try:
 try:
 __import__(import_name)
 except ImportError:
 if "." not in import_name:
 raise
 else:
 return sys.modules[import_name]

 module_name, obj_name = import_name.rsplit(".", 1)
 module = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals(), [obj_name])
 try:
 return getattr(module, obj_name)
 except AttributeError as e:
 raise ImportError(e)

 except ImportError as e:
 if not silent:
 reraise(
 ImportStringError, ImportStringError(import_name, e), sys.exc_info()[2]
 )


def find_modules(import_path, include_packages=False, recursive=False):
 """Finds all the modules below a package. This can be useful to
 automatically import all views / controllers so that their metaclasses /
 function decorators have a chance to register themselves on the
 application.

 Packages are not returned unless `include_packages` is `True`. This can
 also recursively list modules but in that case it will import all the
 packages to get the correct load path of that module.

 :param import_path: the dotted name for the package to find child modules.
 :param include_packages: set to `True` if packages should be returned, too.
 :param recursive: set to `True` if recursion should happen.
 :return: generator
 """
 module = import_string(import_path)
 path = getattr(module, "__path__", None)
 if path is None:
 raise ValueError("%r is not a package" % import_path)
 basename = module.__name__ + "."
 for _importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(path):
 modname = basename + modname
 if ispkg:
 if include_packages:
 yield modname
 if recursive:
 for item in find_modules(modname, include_packages, True):
 yield item
 else:
 yield modname


def validate_arguments(func, args, kwargs, drop_extra=True):
 """Checks if the function accepts the arguments and keyword arguments.
 Returns a new ``(args, kwargs)`` tuple that can safely be passed to
 the function without causing a `TypeError` because the function signature
 is incompatible. If `drop_extra` is set to `True` (which is the default)
 any extra positional or keyword arguments are dropped automatically.

 The exception raised provides three attributes:

 `missing`
 A set of argument names that the function expected but where
 missing.

 `extra`
 A dict of keyword arguments that the function can not handle but
 where provided.

 `extra_positional`
 A list of values that where given by positional argument but the
 function cannot accept.

 This can be useful for decorators that forward user submitted data to
 a view function::

 from werkzeug.utils import ArgumentValidationError, validate_arguments

 def sanitize(f):
 def proxy(request):
 data = request.values.to_dict()
 try:
 args, kwargs = validate_arguments(f, (request,), data)
 except ArgumentValidationError:
 raise BadRequest('The browser failed to transmit all '
 'the data expected.')
 return f(*args, **kwargs)
 return proxy

 :param func: the function the validation is performed against.
 :param args: a tuple of positional arguments.
 :param kwargs: a dict of keyword arguments.
 :param drop_extra: set to `False` if you don't want extra arguments
 to be silently dropped.
 :return: tuple in the form ``(args, kwargs)``.
 """
 parser = _parse_signature(func)
 args, kwargs, missing, extra, extra_positional = parser(args, kwargs)[:5]
 if missing:
 raise ArgumentValidationError(tuple(missing))
 elif (extra or extra_positional) and not drop_extra:
 raise ArgumentValidationError(None, extra, extra_positional)
 return tuple(args), kwargs


def bind_arguments(func, args, kwargs):
 """Bind the arguments provided into a dict. When passed a function,
 a tuple of arguments and a dict of keyword arguments `bind_arguments`
 returns a dict of names as the function would see it. This can be useful
 to implement a cache decorator that uses the function arguments to build
 the cache key based on the values of the arguments.

 :param func: the function the arguments should be bound for.
 :param args: tuple of positional arguments.
 :param kwargs: a dict of keyword arguments.
 :return: a :class:`dict` of bound keyword arguments.
 """
 (
 args,
 kwargs,
 missing,
 extra,
 extra_positional,
 arg_spec,
 vararg_var,
 kwarg_var,
 ) = _parse_signature(func)(args, kwargs)
 values = {}
 for (name, _has_default, _default), value in zip(arg_spec, args):
 values[name] = value
 if vararg_var is not None:
 values[vararg_var] = tuple(extra_positional)
 elif extra_positional:
 raise TypeError("too many positional arguments")
 if kwarg_var is not None:
 multikw = set(extra) & set([x[0] for x in arg_spec])
 if multikw:
 raise TypeError(
 "got multiple values for keyword argument " + repr(next(iter(multikw)))
 )
 values[kwarg_var] = extra
 elif extra:
 raise TypeError("got unexpected keyword argument " + repr(next(iter(extra))))
 return values


class ArgumentValidationError(ValueError):

 """Raised if :func:`validate_arguments` fails to validate"""

 def __init__(self, missing=None, extra=None, extra_positional=None):
 self.missing = set(missing or ())
 self.extra = extra or {}
 self.extra_positional = extra_positional or []
 ValueError.__init__(
 self,
 "function arguments invalid. (%d missing, %d additional)"
 % (len(self.missing), len(self.extra) + len(self.extra_positional)),
 )


class ImportStringError(ImportError):
 """Provides information about a failed :func:`import_string` attempt."""

 #: String in dotted notation that failed to be imported.
 import_name = None
 #: Wrapped exception.
 exception = None

 def __init__(self, import_name, exception):
 self.import_name = import_name
 self.exception = exception

 msg = (
 "import_string() failed for %r. Possible reasons are:\n\n"
 "- missing __init__.py in a package;\n"
 "- package or module path not included in sys.path;\n"
 "- duplicated package or module name taking precedence in "
 "sys.path;\n"
 "- missing module, class, function or variable;\n\n"
 "Debugged import:\n\n%s\n\n"
 "Original exception:\n\n%s: %s"
 )

 name = ""
 tracked = []
 for part in import_name.replace(":", ".").split("."):
 name += (name and ".") + part
 imported = import_string(name, silent=True)
 if imported:
 tracked.append((name, getattr(imported, "__file__", None)))
 else:
 track = ["- %r found in %r." % (n, i) for n, i in tracked]
 track.append("- %r not found." % name)
 msg = msg % (
 import_name,
 "\n".join(track),
 exception.__class__.__name__,
 str(exception),
 )
 break

 ImportError.__init__(self, msg)

 def __repr__(self):
 return "<%s(%r, %r)>" % (
 self.__class__.__name__,
 self.import_name,
 self.exception,
 )