r"""plistlib.py -- a tool to generate and parse MacOSX .plist files.

The property list (.plist) file format is a simple XML pickle supporting
basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings.
Usually the top level object is a dictionary.

To write out a plist file, use the dump(value, file)
function. 'value' is the top level object, 'file' is
a (writable) file object.

To parse a plist from a file, use the load(file) function,
with a (readable) file object as the only argument. It
returns the top level object (again, usually a dictionary).

To work with plist data in bytes objects, you can use loads()
and dumps().

Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists,
dictionaries (but only with string keys), Data, bytes, bytearray, or
datetime.datetime objects.

Generate Plist example:

 pl = dict(
 aString = "Doodah",
 aList = ["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]],
 aFloat = 0.1,
 anInt = 728,
 aDict = dict(
 anotherString = "<hello & hi there!>",
 aUnicodeValue = "M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf",
 aTrueValue = True,
 aFalseValue = False,
 ),
 someData = b"<binary gunk>",
 someMoreData = b"<lots of binary gunk>" * 10,
 aDate = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.gmtime())),
 )
 with open(fileName, 'wb') as fp:
 dump(pl, fp)

Parse Plist example:

 with open(fileName, 'rb') as fp:
 pl = load(fp)
 print(pl["aKey"])
"""
__all__ = [
 "readPlist", "writePlist", "readPlistFromBytes", "writePlistToBytes",
 "Data", "InvalidFileException", "FMT_XML", "FMT_BINARY",
 "load", "dump", "loads", "dumps", "UID"
]

import binascii
import codecs
import contextlib
import datetime
import enum
from io import BytesIO
import itertools
import os
import re
import struct
from warnings import warn
from xml.parsers.expat import ParserCreate


PlistFormat = enum.Enum('PlistFormat', 'FMT_XML FMT_BINARY', module=__name__)
globals().update(PlistFormat.__members__)


#
#
# Deprecated functionality
#
#


@contextlib.contextmanager
def _maybe_open(pathOrFile, mode):
 if isinstance(pathOrFile, str):
 with open(pathOrFile, mode) as fp:
 yield fp

 else:
 yield pathOrFile


def readPlist(pathOrFile):
 """
 Read a .plist from a path or file. pathOrFile should either
 be a file name, or a readable binary file object.

 This function is deprecated, use load instead.
 """
 warn("The readPlist function is deprecated, use load() instead",
 DeprecationWarning, 2)

 with _maybe_open(pathOrFile, 'rb') as fp:
 return load(fp, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=False)

def writePlist(value, pathOrFile):
 """
 Write 'value' to a .plist file. 'pathOrFile' may either be a
 file name or a (writable) file object.

 This function is deprecated, use dump instead.
 """
 warn("The writePlist function is deprecated, use dump() instead",
 DeprecationWarning, 2)
 with _maybe_open(pathOrFile, 'wb') as fp:
 dump(value, fp, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)


def readPlistFromBytes(data):
 """
 Read a plist data from a bytes object. Return the root object.

 This function is deprecated, use loads instead.
 """
 warn("The readPlistFromBytes function is deprecated, use loads() instead",
 DeprecationWarning, 2)
 return load(BytesIO(data), fmt=None, use_builtin_types=False)


def writePlistToBytes(value):
 """
 Return 'value' as a plist-formatted bytes object.

 This function is deprecated, use dumps instead.
 """
 warn("The writePlistToBytes function is deprecated, use dumps() instead",
 DeprecationWarning, 2)
 f = BytesIO()
 dump(value, f, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)
 return f.getvalue()


class Data:
 """
 Wrapper for binary data.

 This class is deprecated, use a bytes object instead.
 """

 def __init__(self, data):
 if not isinstance(data, bytes):
 raise TypeError("data must be as bytes")
 self.data = data

 @classmethod
 def fromBase64(cls, data):
 # base64.decodebytes just calls binascii.a2b_base64;
 # it seems overkill to use both base64 and binascii.
 return cls(_decode_base64(data))

 def asBase64(self, maxlinelength=76):
 return _encode_base64(self.data, maxlinelength)

 def __eq__(self, other):
 if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
 return self.data == other.data
 elif isinstance(other, bytes):
 return self.data == other
 else:
 return NotImplemented

 def __repr__(self):
 return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.data))

#
#
# End of deprecated functionality
#
#


class UID:
 def __init__(self, data):
 if not isinstance(data, int):
 raise TypeError("data must be an int")
 if data >= 1 << 64:
 raise ValueError("UIDs cannot be >= 2**64")
 if data < 0:
 raise ValueError("UIDs must be positive")
 self.data = data

 def __index__(self):
 return self.data

 def __repr__(self):
 return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.data))

 def __reduce__(self):
 return self.__class__, (self.data,)

 def __eq__(self, other):
 if not isinstance(other, UID):
 return NotImplemented
 return self.data == other.data

 def __hash__(self):
 return hash(self.data)


#
# XML support
#


# XML 'header'
PLISTHEADER = b"""\
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
"""


# Regex to find any control chars, except for \t \n and \r
_controlCharPat = re.compile(
 r"[\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e\x0f"
 r"\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f]")

def _encode_base64(s, maxlinelength=76):
 # copied from base64.encodebytes(), with added maxlinelength argument
 maxbinsize = (maxlinelength//4)*3
 pieces = []
 for i in range(0, len(s), maxbinsize):
 chunk = s[i : i + maxbinsize]
 pieces.append(binascii.b2a_base64(chunk))
 return b''.join(pieces)

def _decode_base64(s):
 if isinstance(s, str):
 return binascii.a2b_base64(s.encode("utf-8"))

 else:
 return binascii.a2b_base64(s)

# Contents should conform to a subset of ISO 8601
# (in particular, YYYY '-' MM '-' DD 'T' HH ':' MM ':' SS 'Z'. Smaller units
# may be omitted with # a loss of precision)
_dateParser = re.compile(r"(?P<year>\d\d\d\d)(?:-(?P<month>\d\d)(?:-(?P<day>\d\d)(?:T(?P<hour>\d\d)(?::(?P<minute>\d\d)(?::(?P<second>\d\d))?)?)?)?)?Z", re.ASCII)


def _date_from_string(s):
 order = ('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second')
 gd = _dateParser.match(s).groupdict()
 lst = []
 for key in order:
 val = gd[key]
 if val is None:
 break
 lst.append(int(val))
 return datetime.datetime(*lst)


def _date_to_string(d):
 return '%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ' % (
 d.year, d.month, d.day,
 d.hour, d.minute, d.second
 )

def _escape(text):
 m = _controlCharPat.search(text)
 if m is not None:
 raise ValueError("strings can't contains control characters; "
 "use bytes instead")
 text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n") # convert DOS line endings
 text = text.replace("\r", "\n") # convert Mac line endings
 text = text.replace("&", "&amp;") # escape '&'
 text = text.replace("<", "&lt;") # escape '<'
 text = text.replace(">", "&gt;") # escape '>'
 return text

class _PlistParser:
 def __init__(self, use_builtin_types, dict_type):
 self.stack = []
 self.current_key = None
 self.root = None
 self._use_builtin_types = use_builtin_types
 self._dict_type = dict_type

 def parse(self, fileobj):
 self.parser = ParserCreate()
 self.parser.StartElementHandler = self.handle_begin_element
 self.parser.EndElementHandler = self.handle_end_element
 self.parser.CharacterDataHandler = self.handle_data
 self.parser.ParseFile(fileobj)
 return self.root

 def handle_begin_element(self, element, attrs):
 self.data = []
 handler = getattr(self, "begin_" + element, None)
 if handler is not None:
 handler(attrs)

 def handle_end_element(self, element):
 handler = getattr(self, "end_" + element, None)
 if handler is not None:
 handler()

 def handle_data(self, data):
 self.data.append(data)

 def add_object(self, value):
 if self.current_key is not None:
 if not isinstance(self.stack[-1], type({})):
 raise ValueError("unexpected element at line %d" %
 self.parser.CurrentLineNumber)
 self.stack[-1][self.current_key] = value
 self.current_key = None
 elif not self.stack:
 # this is the root object
 self.root = value
 else:
 if not isinstance(self.stack[-1], type([])):
 raise ValueError("unexpected element at line %d" %
 self.parser.CurrentLineNumber)
 self.stack[-1].append(value)

 def get_data(self):
 data = ''.join(self.data)
 self.data = []
 return data

 # element handlers

 def begin_dict(self, attrs):
 d = self._dict_type()
 self.add_object(d)
 self.stack.append(d)

 def end_dict(self):
 if self.current_key:
 raise ValueError("missing value for key '%s' at line %d" %
 (self.current_key,self.parser.CurrentLineNumber))
 self.stack.pop()

 def end_key(self):
 if self.current_key or not isinstance(self.stack[-1], type({})):
 raise ValueError("unexpected key at line %d" %
 self.parser.CurrentLineNumber)
 self.current_key = self.get_data()

 def begin_array(self, attrs):
 a = []
 self.add_object(a)
 self.stack.append(a)

 def end_array(self):
 self.stack.pop()

 def end_true(self):
 self.add_object(True)

 def end_false(self):
 self.add_object(False)

 def end_integer(self):
 self.add_object(int(self.get_data()))

 def end_real(self):
 self.add_object(float(self.get_data()))

 def end_string(self):
 self.add_object(self.get_data())

 def end_data(self):
 if self._use_builtin_types:
 self.add_object(_decode_base64(self.get_data()))

 else:
 self.add_object(Data.fromBase64(self.get_data()))

 def end_date(self):
 self.add_object(_date_from_string(self.get_data()))


class _DumbXMLWriter:
 def __init__(self, file, indent_level=0, indent="\t"):
 self.file = file
 self.stack = []
 self._indent_level = indent_level
 self.indent = indent

 def begin_element(self, element):
 self.stack.append(element)
 self.writeln("<%s>" % element)
 self._indent_level += 1

 def end_element(self, element):
 assert self._indent_level > 0
 assert self.stack.pop() == element
 self._indent_level -= 1
 self.writeln("</%s>" % element)

 def simple_element(self, element, value=None):
 if value is not None:
 value = _escape(value)
 self.writeln("<%s>%s</%s>" % (element, value, element))

 else:
 self.writeln("<%s/>" % element)

 def writeln(self, line):
 if line:
 # plist has fixed encoding of utf-8

 # XXX: is this test needed?
 if isinstance(line, str):
 line = line.encode('utf-8')
 self.file.write(self._indent_level * self.indent)
 self.file.write(line)
 self.file.write(b'\n')


class _PlistWriter(_DumbXMLWriter):
 def __init__(
 self, file, indent_level=0, indent=b"\t", writeHeader=1,
 sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False):

 if writeHeader:
 file.write(PLISTHEADER)
 _DumbXMLWriter.__init__(self, file, indent_level, indent)
 self._sort_keys = sort_keys
 self._skipkeys = skipkeys

 def write(self, value):
 self.writeln("<plist version=\"1.0\">")
 self.write_value(value)
 self.writeln("</plist>")

 def write_value(self, value):
 if isinstance(value, str):
 self.simple_element("string", value)

 elif value is True:
 self.simple_element("true")

 elif value is False:
 self.simple_element("false")

 elif isinstance(value, int):
 if -1 << 63 <= value < 1 << 64:
 self.simple_element("integer", "%d" % value)
 else:
 raise OverflowError(value)

 elif isinstance(value, float):
 self.simple_element("real", repr(value))

 elif isinstance(value, dict):
 self.write_dict(value)

 elif isinstance(value, Data):
 self.write_data(value)

 elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)):
 self.write_bytes(value)

 elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
 self.simple_element("date", _date_to_string(value))

 elif isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
 self.write_array(value)

 else:
 raise TypeError("unsupported type: %s" % type(value))

 def write_data(self, data):
 self.write_bytes(data.data)

 def write_bytes(self, data):
 self.begin_element("data")
 self._indent_level -= 1
 maxlinelength = max(
 16,
 76 - len(self.indent.replace(b"\t", b" " * 8) * self._indent_level))

 for line in _encode_base64(data, maxlinelength).split(b"\n"):
 if line:
 self.writeln(line)
 self._indent_level += 1
 self.end_element("data")

 def write_dict(self, d):
 if d:
 self.begin_element("dict")
 if self._sort_keys:
 items = sorted(d.items())
 else:
 items = d.items()

 for key, value in items:
 if not isinstance(key, str):
 if self._skipkeys:
 continue
 raise TypeError("keys must be strings")
 self.simple_element("key", key)
 self.write_value(value)
 self.end_element("dict")

 else:
 self.simple_element("dict")

 def write_array(self, array):
 if array:
 self.begin_element("array")
 for value in array:
 self.write_value(value)
 self.end_element("array")

 else:
 self.simple_element("array")


def _is_fmt_xml(header):
 prefixes = (b'<?xml', b'<plist')

 for pfx in prefixes:
 if header.startswith(pfx):
 return True

 # Also check for alternative XML encodings, this is slightly
 # overkill because the Apple tools (and plistlib) will not
 # generate files with these encodings.
 for bom, encoding in (
 (codecs.BOM_UTF8, "utf-8"),
 (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, "utf-16-be"),
 (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, "utf-16-le"),
 # expat does not support utf-32
 #(codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, "utf-32-be"),
 #(codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, "utf-32-le"),
 ):
 if not header.startswith(bom):
 continue

 for start in prefixes:
 prefix = bom + start.decode('ascii').encode(encoding)
 if header[:len(prefix)] == prefix:
 return True

 return False

#
# Binary Plist
#


class InvalidFileException (ValueError):
 def __init__(self, message="Invalid file"):
 ValueError.__init__(self, message)

_BINARY_FORMAT = {1: 'B', 2: 'H', 4: 'L', 8: 'Q'}

_undefined = object()

class _BinaryPlistParser:
 """
 Read or write a binary plist file, following the description of the binary
 format. Raise InvalidFileException in case of error, otherwise return the
 root object.

 see also: http://opensource.apple.com/source/CF/CF-744.18/CFBinaryPList.c
 """
 def __init__(self, use_builtin_types, dict_type):
 self._use_builtin_types = use_builtin_types
 self._dict_type = dict_type

 def parse(self, fp):
 try:
 # The basic file format:
 # HEADER
 # object...
 # refid->offset...
 # TRAILER
 self._fp = fp
 self._fp.seek(-32, os.SEEK_END)
 trailer = self._fp.read(32)
 if len(trailer) != 32:
 raise InvalidFileException()
 (
 offset_size, self._ref_size, num_objects, top_object,
 offset_table_offset
 ) = struct.unpack('>6xBBQQQ', trailer)
 self._fp.seek(offset_table_offset)
 self._object_offsets = self._read_ints(num_objects, offset_size)
 self._objects = [_undefined] * num_objects
 return self._read_object(top_object)

 except (OSError, IndexError, struct.error, OverflowError,
 UnicodeDecodeError):
 raise InvalidFileException()

 def _get_size(self, tokenL):
 """ return the size of the next object."""
 if tokenL == 0xF:
 m = self._fp.read(1)[0] & 0x3
 s = 1 << m
 f = '>' + _BINARY_FORMAT[s]
 return struct.unpack(f, self._fp.read(s))[0]

 return tokenL

 def _read_ints(self, n, size):
 data = self._fp.read(size * n)
 if size in _BINARY_FORMAT:
 return struct.unpack('>' + _BINARY_FORMAT[size] * n, data)
 else:
 if not size or len(data) != size * n:
 raise InvalidFileException()
 return tuple(int.from_bytes(data[i: i + size], 'big')
 for i in range(0, size * n, size))

 def _read_refs(self, n):
 return self._read_ints(n, self._ref_size)

 def _read_object(self, ref):
 """
 read the object by reference.

 May recursively read sub-objects (content of an array/dict/set)
 """
 result = self._objects[ref]
 if result is not _undefined:
 return result

 offset = self._object_offsets[ref]
 self._fp.seek(offset)
 token = self._fp.read(1)[0]
 tokenH, tokenL = token & 0xF0, token & 0x0F

 if token == 0x00:
 result = None

 elif token == 0x08:
 result = False

 elif token == 0x09:
 result = True

 # The referenced source code also mentions URL (0x0c, 0x0d) and
 # UUID (0x0e), but neither can be generated using the Cocoa libraries.

 elif token == 0x0f:
 result = b''

 elif tokenH == 0x10: # int
 result = int.from_bytes(self._fp.read(1 << tokenL),
 'big', signed=tokenL >= 3)

 elif token == 0x22: # real
 result = struct.unpack('>f', self._fp.read(4))[0]

 elif token == 0x23: # real
 result = struct.unpack('>d', self._fp.read(8))[0]

 elif token == 0x33: # date
 f = struct.unpack('>d', self._fp.read(8))[0]
 # timestamp 0 of binary plists corresponds to 1/1/2001
 # (year of Mac OS X 10.0), instead of 1/1/1970.
 result = (datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1) +
 datetime.timedelta(seconds=f))

 elif tokenH == 0x40: # data
 s = self._get_size(tokenL)
 if self._use_builtin_types:
 result = self._fp.read(s)
 else:
 result = Data(self._fp.read(s))

 elif tokenH == 0x50: # ascii string
 s = self._get_size(tokenL)
 result = self._fp.read(s).decode('ascii')

 elif tokenH == 0x60: # unicode string
 s = self._get_size(tokenL)
 result = self._fp.read(s * 2).decode('utf-16be')

 elif tokenH == 0x80: # UID
 # used by Key-Archiver plist files
 result = UID(int.from_bytes(self._fp.read(1 + tokenL), 'big'))

 elif tokenH == 0xA0: # array
 s = self._get_size(tokenL)
 obj_refs = self._read_refs(s)
 result = []
 self._objects[ref] = result
 result.extend(self._read_object(x) for x in obj_refs)

 # tokenH == 0xB0 is documented as 'ordset', but is not actually
 # implemented in the Apple reference code.

 # tokenH == 0xC0 is documented as 'set', but sets cannot be used in
 # plists.

 elif tokenH == 0xD0: # dict
 s = self._get_size(tokenL)
 key_refs = self._read_refs(s)
 obj_refs = self._read_refs(s)
 result = self._dict_type()
 self._objects[ref] = result
 for k, o in zip(key_refs, obj_refs):
 result[self._read_object(k)] = self._read_object(o)

 else:
 raise InvalidFileException()

 self._objects[ref] = result
 return result

def _count_to_size(count):
 if count < 1 << 8:
 return 1

 elif count < 1 << 16:
 return 2

 elif count << 1 << 32:
 return 4

 else:
 return 8

_scalars = (str, int, float, datetime.datetime, bytes)

class _BinaryPlistWriter (object):
 def __init__(self, fp, sort_keys, skipkeys):
 self._fp = fp
 self._sort_keys = sort_keys
 self._skipkeys = skipkeys

 def write(self, value):

 # Flattened object list:
 self._objlist = []

 # Mappings from object->objectid
 # First dict has (type(object), object) as the key,
 # second dict is used when object is not hashable and
 # has id(object) as the key.
 self._objtable = {}
 self._objidtable = {}

 # Create list of all objects in the plist
 self._flatten(value)

 # Size of object references in serialized containers
 # depends on the number of objects in the plist.
 num_objects = len(self._objlist)
 self._object_offsets = [0]*num_objects
 self._ref_size = _count_to_size(num_objects)

 self._ref_format = _BINARY_FORMAT[self._ref_size]

 # Write file header
 self._fp.write(b'bplist00')

 # Write object list
 for obj in self._objlist:
 self._write_object(obj)

 # Write refnum->object offset table
 top_object = self._getrefnum(value)
 offset_table_offset = self._fp.tell()
 offset_size = _count_to_size(offset_table_offset)
 offset_format = '>' + _BINARY_FORMAT[offset_size] * num_objects
 self._fp.write(struct.pack(offset_format, *self._object_offsets))

 # Write trailer
 sort_version = 0
 trailer = (
 sort_version, offset_size, self._ref_size, num_objects,
 top_object, offset_table_offset
 )
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>5xBBBQQQ', *trailer))

 def _flatten(self, value):
 # First check if the object is in the object table, not used for
 # containers to ensure that two subcontainers with the same contents
 # will be serialized as distinct values.
 if isinstance(value, _scalars):
 if (type(value), value) in self._objtable:
 return

 elif isinstance(value, Data):
 if (type(value.data), value.data) in self._objtable:
 return

 elif id(value) in self._objidtable:
 return

 # Add to objectreference map
 refnum = len(self._objlist)
 self._objlist.append(value)
 if isinstance(value, _scalars):
 self._objtable[(type(value), value)] = refnum
 elif isinstance(value, Data):
 self._objtable[(type(value.data), value.data)] = refnum
 else:
 self._objidtable[id(value)] = refnum

 # And finally recurse into containers
 if isinstance(value, dict):
 keys = []
 values = []
 items = value.items()
 if self._sort_keys:
 items = sorted(items)

 for k, v in items:
 if not isinstance(k, str):
 if self._skipkeys:
 continue
 raise TypeError("keys must be strings")
 keys.append(k)
 values.append(v)

 for o in itertools.chain(keys, values):
 self._flatten(o)

 elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
 for o in value:
 self._flatten(o)

 def _getrefnum(self, value):
 if isinstance(value, _scalars):
 return self._objtable[(type(value), value)]
 elif isinstance(value, Data):
 return self._objtable[(type(value.data), value.data)]
 else:
 return self._objidtable[id(value)]

 def _write_size(self, token, size):
 if size < 15:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>B', token | size))

 elif size < 1 << 8:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BBB', token | 0xF, 0x10, size))

 elif size < 1 << 16:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BBH', token | 0xF, 0x11, size))

 elif size < 1 << 32:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BBL', token | 0xF, 0x12, size))

 else:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BBQ', token | 0xF, 0x13, size))

 def _write_object(self, value):
 ref = self._getrefnum(value)
 self._object_offsets[ref] = self._fp.tell()
 if value is None:
 self._fp.write(b'\x00')

 elif value is False:
 self._fp.write(b'\x08')

 elif value is True:
 self._fp.write(b'\x09')

 elif isinstance(value, int):
 if value < 0:
 try:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>Bq', 0x13, value))
 except struct.error:
 raise OverflowError(value) from None
 elif value < 1 << 8:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BB', 0x10, value))
 elif value < 1 << 16:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BH', 0x11, value))
 elif value < 1 << 32:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BL', 0x12, value))
 elif value < 1 << 63:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BQ', 0x13, value))
 elif value < 1 << 64:
 self._fp.write(b'\x14' + value.to_bytes(16, 'big', signed=True))
 else:
 raise OverflowError(value)

 elif isinstance(value, float):
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>Bd', 0x23, value))

 elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
 f = (value - datetime.datetime(2001, 1, 1)).total_seconds()
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>Bd', 0x33, f))

 elif isinstance(value, Data):
 self._write_size(0x40, len(value.data))
 self._fp.write(value.data)

 elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)):
 self._write_size(0x40, len(value))
 self._fp.write(value)

 elif isinstance(value, str):
 try:
 t = value.encode('ascii')
 self._write_size(0x50, len(value))
 except UnicodeEncodeError:
 t = value.encode('utf-16be')
 self._write_size(0x60, len(t) // 2)

 self._fp.write(t)

 elif isinstance(value, UID):
 if value.data < 0:
 raise ValueError("UIDs must be positive")
 elif value.data < 1 << 8:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BB', 0x80, value))
 elif value.data < 1 << 16:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BH', 0x81, value))
 elif value.data < 1 << 32:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BL', 0x83, value))
 elif value.data < 1 << 64:
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>BQ', 0x87, value))
 else:
 raise OverflowError(value)

 elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
 refs = [self._getrefnum(o) for o in value]
 s = len(refs)
 self._write_size(0xA0, s)
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>' + self._ref_format * s, *refs))

 elif isinstance(value, dict):
 keyRefs, valRefs = [], []

 if self._sort_keys:
 rootItems = sorted(value.items())
 else:
 rootItems = value.items()

 for k, v in rootItems:
 if not isinstance(k, str):
 if self._skipkeys:
 continue
 raise TypeError("keys must be strings")
 keyRefs.append(self._getrefnum(k))
 valRefs.append(self._getrefnum(v))

 s = len(keyRefs)
 self._write_size(0xD0, s)
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>' + self._ref_format * s, *keyRefs))
 self._fp.write(struct.pack('>' + self._ref_format * s, *valRefs))

 else:
 raise TypeError(value)


def _is_fmt_binary(header):
 return header[:8] == b'bplist00'


#
# Generic bits
#

_FORMATS={
 FMT_XML: dict(
 detect=_is_fmt_xml,
 parser=_PlistParser,
 writer=_PlistWriter,
 ),
 FMT_BINARY: dict(
 detect=_is_fmt_binary,
 parser=_BinaryPlistParser,
 writer=_BinaryPlistWriter,
 )
}


def load(fp, *, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict):
 """Read a .plist file. 'fp' should be a readable and binary file object.
 Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary).
 """
 if fmt is None:
 header = fp.read(32)
 fp.seek(0)
 for info in _FORMATS.values():
 if info['detect'](header):
 P = info['parser']
 break

 else:
 raise InvalidFileException()

 else:
 P = _FORMATS[fmt]['parser']

 p = P(use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types, dict_type=dict_type)
 return p.parse(fp)


def loads(value, *, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict):
 """Read a .plist file from a bytes object.
 Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary).
 """
 fp = BytesIO(value)
 return load(
 fp, fmt=fmt, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types, dict_type=dict_type)


def dump(value, fp, *, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False):
 """Write 'value' to a .plist file. 'fp' should be a writable,
 binary file object.
 """
 if fmt not in _FORMATS:
 raise ValueError("Unsupported format: %r"%(fmt,))

 writer = _FORMATS[fmt]["writer"](fp, sort_keys=sort_keys, skipkeys=skipkeys)
 writer.write(value)


def dumps(value, *, fmt=FMT_XML, skipkeys=False, sort_keys=True):
 """Return a bytes object with the contents for a .plist file.
 """
 fp = BytesIO()
 dump(value, fp, fmt=fmt, skipkeys=skipkeys, sort_keys=sort_keys)
 return fp.getvalue()