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python3.8.1

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using

unix.rst

unix.rst 4.76 KB

.. highlight:: sh

.. _using-on-unix:

********************************
 Using Python on Unix platforms
********************************

.. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety

Getting and installing the latest version of Python
===================================================

On Linux
--------

Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a
package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use
that are not available on your distro's package. You can easily compile the
latest version of Python from source.

In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as
well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the
following links:

.. seealso::

https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html
 for Debian users
 https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging
 for OpenSuse users
 https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html
 for Fedora users
 http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html
 for Slackware users

On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
----------------------

* FreeBSD users, to add the package use::

pkg install python3

* OpenBSD users, to add the package use::

pkg_add -r python

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz

For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz

On OpenSolaris
--------------

You can get Python from `OpenCSW <https://www.opencsw.org/>`_. Various versions
of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. ``pkgutil -i python27``.

.. _building-python-on-unix:

Building Python
===============

If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the
latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone
<https://devguide.python.org/setup/#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want
to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)

The build process consists of the usual commands::

./configure
 make
 make install

Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are extensively
documented in the :source:`README.rst` file in the root of the Python source
tree.

.. warning::

``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python3` binary.
 ``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install``
 since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`.

Python-related paths and files
==============================

These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
may be the same.

For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.

+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File/directory | Meaning |
+===============================================+==========================================+
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3` | Recommended location of the interpreter. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}` | containing the standard modules. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for |
| | developing Python extensions and |
| | embedding the interpreter. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+

Miscellaneous
=============

To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,
e.g. with

.. code-block:: shell-session

$ chmod +x script

and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is
usually ::

#!/usr/bin/env python3

which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. However,
some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode
``/usr/bin/python3`` as the interpreter path.

To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module.

一键复制编辑原始数据按行查看历史

zhangweibo 提交于 2021年11月16日 09:46 +08:00 . git init

Using Python on Unix platforms

.. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety

Getting and installing the latest version of Python

On Linux

Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use that are not available on your distro's package. You can easily compile the latest version of Python from source.

In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the following links:

.. seealso::

 https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html
 for Debian users
 https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging
 for OpenSuse users
 https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html
 for Fedora users
 http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html
 for Slackware users

On FreeBSD and OpenBSD

FreeBSD users, to add the package use:
```
pkg install python3
```

OpenBSD users, to add the package use:

pkg_add -r python

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz

For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using:

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz

On OpenSolaris

You can get Python from Building Python

If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the clone. (If you want to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)

The build process consists of the usual commands:

./configure
make
make install

Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are extensively documented in the :source:`README.rst` file in the root of the Python source tree.

Warning

make install can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python3` binary. make altinstall is therefore recommended instead of make install since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`.

Python-related paths and files

These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions; :envvar:`prefix` (${prefix}) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (${exec_prefix}) are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the same.

For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.

File/directory	Meaning
:file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3`	Recommended location of the interpreter.
:file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`	Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard modules.
:file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}`	Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files needed for developing Python extensions and embedding the interpreter.

Miscellaneous

To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable, e.g. with

$ chmod +x script

and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is usually

#!/usr/bin/env python3

which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. However, some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode /usr/bin/python3 as the interpreter path.

To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module.