.. module:: wave :synopsis: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.
.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>
Source code: :source:`Lib/wave.py`
The :mod:`wave` module provides a convenient interface to the WAV sound format. It does not support compression/decompression, but it does support mono/stereo.
The :mod:`wave` module defines the following function and exception:
.. function:: open(file, mode=None) If *file* is a string, open the file by that name, otherwise treat it as a file-like object. *mode* can be: ``'rb'`` Read only mode. ``'wb'`` Write only mode. Note that it does not allow read/write WAV files. A *mode* of ``'rb'`` returns a :class:`Wave_read` object, while a *mode* of ``'wb'`` returns a :class:`Wave_write` object. If *mode* is omitted and a file-like object is passed as *file*, ``file.mode`` is used as the default value for *mode*. If you pass in a file-like object, the wave object will not close it when its :meth:`close` method is called; it is the caller's responsibility to close the file object. The :func:`.open` function may be used in a :keyword:`with` statement. When the :keyword:`!with` block completes, the :meth:`Wave_read.close() <wave.Wave_read.close>` or :meth:`Wave_write.close() <wave.Wave_write.close()>` method is called. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Added support for unseekable files.
.. function:: openfp(file, mode) A synonym for :func:`.open`, maintained for backwards compatibility. .. deprecated-removed:: 3.7 3.9
.. exception:: Error An error raised when something is impossible because it violates the WAV specification or hits an implementation deficiency.
Wave_read objects, as returned by :func:`.open`, have the following methods:
.. method:: Wave_read.close() Close the stream if it was opened by :mod:`wave`, and make the instance unusable. This is called automatically on object collection.
.. method:: Wave_read.getnchannels() Returns number of audio channels (``1`` for mono, ``2`` for stereo).
.. method:: Wave_read.getsampwidth() Returns sample width in bytes.
.. method:: Wave_read.getframerate() Returns sampling frequency.
.. method:: Wave_read.getnframes() Returns number of audio frames.
.. method:: Wave_read.getcomptype() Returns compression type (``'NONE'`` is the only supported type).
.. method:: Wave_read.getcompname() Human-readable version of :meth:`getcomptype`. Usually ``'not compressed'`` parallels ``'NONE'``.
.. method:: Wave_read.getparams() Returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)``, equivalent to output of the :meth:`get\*` methods.
.. method:: Wave_read.readframes(n) Reads and returns at most *n* frames of audio, as a :class:`bytes` object.
.. method:: Wave_read.rewind() Rewind the file pointer to the beginning of the audio stream.
The following two methods are defined for compatibility with the :mod:`aifc` module, and don't do anything interesting.
.. method:: Wave_read.getmarkers() Returns ``None``.
.. method:: Wave_read.getmark(id) Raise an error.
The following two methods define a term "position" which is compatible between them, and is otherwise implementation dependent.
.. method:: Wave_read.setpos(pos) Set the file pointer to the specified position.
.. method:: Wave_read.tell() Return current file pointer position.
For seekable output streams, the wave header will automatically be updated
to reflect the number of frames actually written. For unseekable streams, the
nframes value must be accurate when the first frame data is written. An
accurate nframes value can be achieved either by calling
:meth:`~Wave_write.setnframes` or :meth:`~Wave_write.setparams` with the number
of frames that will be written before :meth:`~Wave_write.close` is called and
then using :meth:`~Wave_write.writeframesraw` to write the frame data, or by
calling :meth:`~Wave_write.writeframes` with all of the frame data to be
written. In the latter case :meth:`~Wave_write.writeframes` will calculate
the number of frames in the data and set nframes accordingly before writing
the frame data.
Wave_write objects, as returned by :func:`.open`, have the following methods:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4 Added support for unseekable files.
.. method:: Wave_write.close() Make sure *nframes* is correct, and close the file if it was opened by :mod:`wave`. This method is called upon object collection. It will raise an exception if the output stream is not seekable and *nframes* does not match the number of frames actually written.
.. method:: Wave_write.setnchannels(n) Set the number of channels.
.. method:: Wave_write.setsampwidth(n) Set the sample width to *n* bytes.
.. method:: Wave_write.setframerate(n) Set the frame rate to *n*. .. versionchanged:: 3.2 A non-integral input to this method is rounded to the nearest integer.
.. method:: Wave_write.setnframes(n) Set the number of frames to *n*. This will be changed later if the number of frames actually written is different (this update attempt will raise an error if the output stream is not seekable).
.. method:: Wave_write.setcomptype(type, name) Set the compression type and description. At the moment, only compression type ``NONE`` is supported, meaning no compression.
.. method:: Wave_write.setparams(tuple) The *tuple* should be ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)``, with values valid for the :meth:`set\*` methods. Sets all parameters.
.. method:: Wave_write.tell() Return current position in the file, with the same disclaimer for the :meth:`Wave_read.tell` and :meth:`Wave_read.setpos` methods.
.. method:: Wave_write.writeframesraw(data) Write audio frames, without correcting *nframes*. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted.
.. method:: Wave_write.writeframes(data) Write audio frames and make sure *nframes* is correct. It will raise an error if the output stream is not seekable and the total number of frames that have been written after *data* has been written does not match the previously set value for *nframes*. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted.
Note that it is invalid to set any parameters after calling :meth:`writeframes` or :meth:`writeframesraw`, and any attempt to do so will raise :exc:`wave.Error`.
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