:mod:`time` --- Time access and conversions

.. module:: time
 :synopsis: Time access and conversions.

This module provides various time-related functions. For related functionality, see also the :mod:`datetime` and :mod:`calendar` modules.

Although this module is always available, not all functions are available on all platforms. Most of the functions defined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. It may sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because the semantics of these functions varies among platforms.

An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.

.. index:: single: epoch

• The :dfn:`epoch` is the point where the time starts, and is platform dependent. For Unix, the epoch is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC). To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look at time.gmtime(0).

.. index:: seconds since the epoch

• The term :dfn:`seconds since the epoch` refers to the total number of elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excluding :func:`strptime` can parse 2-digit years when given %y format code. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the POSIX and ISO C standards: values 69--99 are mapped to 1969--1999, and values 0--68 are mapped to 2000--2068.

.. index::
 single: UTC
 single: Coordinated Universal Time
 single: Greenwich Mean Time

• UTC is Coordinated Universal Time (formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT). The acronym UTC is not a mistake but a compromise between English and French.

.. index:: single: Daylight Saving Time

• DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) one hour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) and can change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the local rules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the only source of True Wisdom in this respect.

• The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested by the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unix systems, the clock "ticks" only 50 or 100 times a second.

• On the other hand, the precision of :func:`.time` and :func:`sleep` is better than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers, :func:`.time` returns the most accurate time available (using Unix :c:func:`gettimeofday` where available), and :func:`sleep` will accept a time with a nonzero fraction (Unix :c:func:`select` is used to implement this, where available).

• The time value as returned by :func:`gmtime`, :func:`localtime`, and :func:`strptime`, and accepted by :func:`asctime`, :func:`mktime` and :func:`strftime`, is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values of :func:`gmtime`, :func:`localtime`, and :func:`strptime` also offer attribute names for individual fields.

  See :class:`struct_time` for a description of these objects.

  .. versionchanged:: 3.3
   The :class:`struct_time` type was extended to provide the :attr:`tm_gmtoff`
   and :attr:`tm_zone` attributes when platform supports corresponding
   ``struct tm`` members.
  
  

  .. versionchanged:: 3.6
   The :class:`struct_time` attributes :attr:`tm_gmtoff` and :attr:`tm_zone`
   are now available on all platforms.
  
  

• Use the following functions to convert between time representations:

  From	To	Use
  seconds since the epoch	:class:`struct_time` in UTC	:func:`gmtime`
  seconds since the epoch	:class:`struct_time` in local time	:func:`localtime`
  :class:`struct_time` in UTC	seconds since the epoch	:func:`calendar.timegm`
  :class:`struct_time` in local time	seconds since the epoch	:func:`mktime`

Functions

.. function:: asctime([t])

 Convert a tuple or :class:`struct_time` representing a time as returned by
 :func:`gmtime` or :func:`localtime` to a string of the following
 form: ``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'``. The day field is two characters long
 and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
 e.g.: ``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 1993'``.

 If *t* is not provided, the current time as returned by :func:`localtime`
 is used. Locale information is not used by :func:`asctime`.

 .. note::

 Unlike the C function of the same name, :func:`asctime` does not add a
 trailing newline.

.. function:: pthread_getcpuclockid(thread_id)

 Return the *clk_id* of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified *thread_id*.

 Use :func:`threading.get_ident` or the :attr:`~threading.Thread.ident`
 attribute of :class:`threading.Thread` objects to get a suitable value
 for *thread_id*.

 .. warning::
 Passing an invalid or expired *thread_id* may result in
 undefined behavior, such as segmentation fault.

 .. availability:: Unix (see the man page for :manpage:`pthread_getcpuclockid(3)` for
 further information).

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: clock_getres(clk_id)

 Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock *clk_id*. Refer to
 :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for a list of accepted values for *clk_id*.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: clock_gettime(clk_id) -> float

 Return the time of the specified clock *clk_id*. Refer to
 :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for a list of accepted values for *clk_id*.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: clock_gettime_ns(clk_id) -> int

 Similar to :func:`clock_gettime` but return time as nanoseconds.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: clock_settime(clk_id, time: float)

 Set the time of the specified clock *clk_id*. Currently,
 :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME` is the only accepted value for *clk_id*.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: clock_settime_ns(clk_id, time: int)

 Similar to :func:`clock_settime` but set time with nanoseconds.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: ctime([secs])

 Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string of a form:
 ``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'`` representing local time. The day field
 is two characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
 e.g.: ``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 1993'``.

 If *secs* is not provided or :const:`None`, the current time as
 returned by :func:`.time` is used. ``ctime(secs)`` is equivalent to
 ``asctime(localtime(secs))``. Locale information is not used by
 :func:`ctime`.

.. function:: get_clock_info(name)

 Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object.
 Supported clock names and the corresponding functions to read their value
 are:

 * ``'clock'``: :func:`time.clock`
 * ``'monotonic'``: :func:`time.monotonic`
 * ``'perf_counter'``: :func:`time.perf_counter`
 * ``'process_time'``: :func:`time.process_time`
 * ``'thread_time'``: :func:`time.thread_time`
 * ``'time'``: :func:`time.time`

 The result has the following attributes:

 - *adjustable*: ``True`` if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. by
 a NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, ``False`` otherwise
 - *implementation*: The name of the underlying C function used to get
 the clock value. Refer to :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for possible values.
 - *monotonic*: ``True`` if the clock cannot go backward,
 ``False`` otherwise
 - *resolution*: The resolution of the clock in seconds (:class:`float`)

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: gmtime([secs])

 Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a :class:`struct_time` in
 UTC in which the dst flag is always zero. If *secs* is not provided or
 :const:`None`, the current time as returned by :func:`.time` is used. Fractions
 of a second are ignored. See above for a description of the
 :class:`struct_time` object. See :func:`calendar.timegm` for the inverse of this
 function.

.. function:: localtime([secs])

 Like :func:`gmtime` but converts to local time. If *secs* is not provided or
 :const:`None`, the current time as returned by :func:`.time` is used. The dst
 flag is set to ``1`` when DST applies to the given time.

.. function:: mktime(t)

 This is the inverse function of :func:`localtime`. Its argument is the
 :class:`struct_time` or full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use ``-1``
 as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in *local* time, not
 UTC. It returns a floating point number, for compatibility with :func:`.time`.
 If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, either
 :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` will be raised (which depends on
 whether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C libraries).
 The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-dependent.

.. function:: monotonic() -> float

 Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock
 that cannot go backwards. The clock is not affected by system clock updates.
 The reference point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the
 difference between the results of consecutive calls is valid.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3
 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
 The function is now always available and always system-wide.

.. function:: monotonic_ns() -> int

 Similar to :func:`monotonic`, but return time as nanoseconds.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: perf_counter() -> float

 .. index::
 single: benchmarking

 Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter, i.e. a
 clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short duration. It
 does include time elapsed during sleep and is system-wide. The reference
 point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between
 the results of consecutive calls is valid.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: perf_counter_ns() -> int

 Similar to :func:`perf_counter`, but return time as nanoseconds.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: process_time() -> float

 .. index::
 single: CPU time
 single: processor time
 single: benchmarking

 Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
 CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed during
 sleep. It is process-wide by definition. The reference point of the
 returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
 of consecutive calls is valid.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. function:: process_time_ns() -> int

 Similar to :func:`process_time` but return time as nanoseconds.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: sleep(secs)

 Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds.
 The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep
 time. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any
 caught signal will terminate the :func:`sleep` following execution of that
 signal's catching routine. Also, the suspension time may be longer than
 requested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheduling of other activity
 in the system.

 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
 The function now sleeps at least *secs* even if the sleep is interrupted
 by a signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see
 :pep:`475` for the rationale).

.. index::
 single: % (percent); datetime format

.. function:: strftime(format[, t])

 Convert a tuple or :class:`struct_time` representing a time as returned by
 :func:`gmtime` or :func:`localtime` to a string as specified by the *format*
 argument. If *t* is not provided, the current time as returned by
 :func:`localtime` is used. *format* must be a string. :exc:`ValueError` is
 raised if any field in *t* is outside of the allowed range.

 0 is a legal argument for any position in the time tuple; if it is normally
 illegal the value is forced to a correct one.

 The following directives can be embedded in the *format* string. They are shown
 without the optional field width and precision specification, and are replaced
 by the indicated characters in the :func:`strftime` result:

 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | Directive | Meaning | Notes |
 +===========+================================================+=======+
 | ``%a`` | Locale's abbreviated weekday name. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%A`` | Locale's full weekday name. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%b`` | Locale's abbreviated month name. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%B`` | Locale's full month name. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%c`` | Locale's appropriate date and time | |
 | | representation. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%d`` | Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%H`` | Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number | |
 | | [00,23]. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%I`` | Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number | |
 | | [01,12]. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%j`` | Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%m`` | Month as a decimal number [01,12]. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%M`` | Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%p`` | Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. | \(1) |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%S`` | Second as a decimal number [00,61]. | \(2) |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%U`` | Week number of the year (Sunday as the first | \(3) |
 | | day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. | |
 | | All days in a new year preceding the first | |
 | | Sunday are considered to be in week 0. | |
 | | | |
 | | | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%w`` | Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%W`` | Week number of the year (Monday as the first | \(3) |
 | | day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. | |
 | | All days in a new year preceding the first | |
 | | Monday are considered to be in week 0. | |
 | | | |
 | | | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%x`` | Locale's appropriate date representation. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%X`` | Locale's appropriate time representation. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%y`` | Year without century as a decimal number | |
 | | [00,99]. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%Y`` | Year with century as a decimal number. | |
 | | | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%z`` | Time zone offset indicating a positive or | |
 | | negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the | |
 | | form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal| |
 | | hour digits and M represents decimal minute | |
 | | digits [-23:59, +23:59]. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%Z`` | Time zone name (no characters if no time zone | |
 | | exists). | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+
 | ``%%`` | A literal ``'%'`` character. | |
 +-----------+------------------------------------------------+-------+

 Notes:

 (1)
 When used with the :func:`strptime` function, the ``%p`` directive only affects
 the output hour field if the ``%I`` directive is used to parse the hour.

 (2)
 The range really is ``0`` to ``61``; value ``60`` is valid in
 timestamps representing `leap seconds`_ and value ``61`` is supported
 for historical reasons.

 (3)
 When used with the :func:`strptime` function, ``%U`` and ``%W`` are only used in
 calculations when the day of the week and the year are specified.

 Here is an example, a format for dates compatible with that specified in the
 :rfc:`2822` Internet email standard. [#]_ ::

 >>> from time import gmtime, strftime
 >>> strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", gmtime())
 'Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000'

 Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only the
 ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C. To see the full set
 of format codes supported on your platform, consult the :manpage:`strftime(3)`
 documentation.

 On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification can
 immediately follow the initial ``'%'`` of a directive in the following order;
 this is also not portable. The field width is normally 2 except for ``%j`` where
 it is 3.

.. index::
 single: % (percent); datetime format

.. function:: strptime(string[, format])

 Parse a string representing a time according to a format. The return value
 is a :class:`struct_time` as returned by :func:`gmtime` or
 :func:`localtime`.

 The *format* parameter uses the same directives as those used by
 :func:`strftime`; it defaults to ``"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"`` which matches the
 formatting returned by :func:`ctime`. If *string* cannot be parsed according
 to *format*, or if it has excess data after parsing, :exc:`ValueError` is
 raised. The default values used to fill in any missing data when more
 accurate values cannot be inferred are ``(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1)``.
 Both *string* and *format* must be strings.

 For example:

 >>> import time
 >>> time.strptime("30 Nov 00", "%d %b %y") # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
 time.struct_time(tm_year=2000, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0,
 tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)

 Support for the ``%Z`` directive is based on the values contained in ``tzname``
 and whether ``daylight`` is true. Because of this, it is platform-specific
 except for recognizing UTC and GMT which are always known (and are considered to
 be non-daylight savings timezones).

 Only the directives specified in the documentation are supported. Because
 ``strftime()`` is implemented per platform it can sometimes offer more
 directives than those listed. But ``strptime()`` is independent of any platform
 and thus does not necessarily support all directives available that are not
 documented as supported.

The type of the time value sequence returned by :func:`gmtime`, :func:`localtime`, and :func:`strptime`. It is an object with a :term:`named tuple` interface: values can be accessed by index and by attribute name. The following values are present:

Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of [1, 12], not [0, 11].

In calls to :func:`mktime`, :attr:`tm_isdst` may be set to 1 when daylight savings time is in effect, and 0 when it is not. A value of -1 indicates that this is not known, and will usually result in the correct state being filled in.

When a tuple with an incorrect length is passed to a function expecting a :class:`struct_time`, or having elements of the wrong type, a :exc:`TypeError` is raised.

.. function:: time() -> float

 Return the time in seconds since the epoch_ as a floating point
 number. The specific date of the epoch and the handling of
 `leap seconds`_ is platform dependent.
 On Windows and most Unix systems, the epoch is January 1, 1970,
 00:00:00 (UTC) and leap seconds are not counted towards the time
 in seconds since the epoch. This is commonly referred to as
 `Unix time <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time>`_.
 To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look at
 ``gmtime(0)``.

 Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating point
 number, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second.
 While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return a
 lower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back
 between the two calls.

 The number returned by :func:`.time` may be converted into a more common
 time format (i.e. year, month, day, hour, etc...) in UTC by passing it to
 :func:`gmtime` function or in local time by passing it to the
 :func:`localtime` function. In both cases a
 :class:`struct_time` object is returned, from which the components
 of the calendar date may be accessed as attributes.

.. function:: thread_time() -> float

 .. index::
 single: CPU time
 single: processor time
 single: benchmarking

 Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
 CPU time of the current thread. It does not include time elapsed during
 sleep. It is thread-specific by definition. The reference point of the
 returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
 of consecutive calls in the same thread is valid.

 .. availability:: Windows, Linux, Unix systems supporting
 ``CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID``.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: thread_time_ns() -> int

 Similar to :func:`thread_time` but return time as nanoseconds.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: time_ns() -> int

 Similar to :func:`~time.time` but returns time as an integer number of nanoseconds
 since the epoch_.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. function:: tzset()

 Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The environment
 variable :envvar:`TZ` specifies how this is done. It will also set the variables
 ``tzname`` (from the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable), ``timezone`` (non-DST
 seconds West of UTC), ``altzone`` (DST seconds west of UTC) and ``daylight``
 (to 0 if this timezone does not have any daylight saving time rules, or to
 nonzero if there is a time, past, present or future when daylight saving time
 applies).

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. note::

 Although in many cases, changing the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable may
 affect the output of functions like :func:`localtime` without calling
 :func:`tzset`, this behavior should not be relied on.

 The :envvar:`TZ` environment variable should contain no whitespace.

 The standard format of the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable is (whitespace
 added for clarity)::

 std offset [dst [offset [,start[/time], end[/time]]]]

 Where the components are:

 ``std`` and ``dst``
 Three or more alphanumerics giving the timezone abbreviations. These will be
 propagated into time.tzname

 ``offset``
 The offset has the form: ``± hh[:mm[:ss]]``. This indicates the value
 added the local time to arrive at UTC. If preceded by a '-', the timezone
 is east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise, it is west. If no offset follows
 dst, summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time.

 ``start[/time], end[/time]``
 Indicates when to change to and back from DST. The format of the
 start and end dates are one of the following:

 :samp:`J{n}`
 The Julian day *n* (1 <= *n* <= 365). Leap days are not counted, so in
 all years February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60.

 :samp:`{n}`
 The zero-based Julian day (0 <= *n* <= 365). Leap days are counted, and
 it is possible to refer to February 29.

 :samp:`M{m}.{n}.{d}`
 The *d*'th day (0 <= *d* <= 6) of week *n* of month *m* of the year (1
 <= *n* <= 5, 1 <= *m* <= 12, where week 5 means "the last *d* day in
 month *m*" which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth
 week). Week 1 is the first week in which the *d*'th day occurs. Day
 zero is a Sunday.

 ``time`` has the same format as ``offset`` except that no leading sign
 ('-' or '+') is allowed. The default, if time is not given, is 02:00:00.

 ::

 >>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0'
 >>> time.tzset()
 >>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')
 '02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT'
 >>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0'
 >>> time.tzset()
 >>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')
 '16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST'

 On many Unix systems (including \*BSD, Linux, Solaris, and Darwin), it is more
 convenient to use the system's zoneinfo (:manpage:`tzfile(5)`) database to
 specify the timezone rules. To do this, set the :envvar:`TZ` environment
 variable to the path of the required timezone datafile, relative to the root of
 the systems 'zoneinfo' timezone database, usually located at
 :file:`/usr/share/zoneinfo`. For example, ``'US/Eastern'``,
 ``'Australia/Melbourne'``, ``'Egypt'`` or ``'Europe/Amsterdam'``. ::

 >>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'US/Eastern'
 >>> time.tzset()
 >>> time.tzname
 ('EST', 'EDT')
 >>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'Egypt'
 >>> time.tzset()
 >>> time.tzname
 ('EET', 'EEST')

Clock ID Constants

These constants are used as parameters for :func:`clock_getres` and :func:`clock_gettime`.

.. data:: CLOCK_BOOTTIME

 Identical to :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, except it also includes any time that
 the system is suspended.

 This allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without
 having to deal with the complications of :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME`, which may
 have discontinuities if the time is changed using ``settimeofday()`` or
 similar.

 .. availability:: Linux 2.6.39 or later.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. data:: CLOCK_HIGHRES

 The Solaris OS has a ``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` timer that attempts to use an optimal
 hardware source, and may give close to nanosecond resolution.
 ``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` is the nonadjustable, high-resolution clock.

 .. availability:: Solaris.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: CLOCK_MONOTONIC

 Clock that cannot be set and represents monotonic time since some unspecified
 starting point.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW

 Similar to :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, but provides access to a raw
 hardware-based time that is not subject to NTP adjustments.

 .. availability:: Linux 2.6.28 and newer, macOS 10.12 and newer.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID

 High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: CLOCK_PROF

 High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.

 .. availability:: FreeBSD, NetBSD 7 or later, OpenBSD.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. data:: CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID

 Thread-specific CPU-time clock.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: CLOCK_UPTIME

 Time whose absolute value is the time the system has been running and not
 suspended, providing accurate uptime measurement, both absolute and
 interval.

 .. availability:: FreeBSD, OpenBSD 5.5 or later.

 .. versionadded:: 3.7

.. data:: CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW

 Clock that increments monotonically, tracking the time since an arbitrary
 point, unaffected by frequency or time adjustments and not incremented while
 the system is asleep.

 .. availability:: macOS 10.12 and newer.

 .. versionadded:: 3.8

The following constant is the only parameter that can be sent to :func:`clock_settime`.

.. data:: CLOCK_REALTIME

 System-wide real-time clock. Setting this clock requires appropriate
 privileges.

 .. availability:: Unix.

 .. versionadded:: 3.3

Timezone Constants

.. data:: altzone

 The offset of the local DST timezone, in seconds west of UTC, if one is defined.
 This is negative if the local DST timezone is east of UTC (as in Western Europe,
 including the UK). Only use this if ``daylight`` is nonzero. See note below.

.. data:: daylight

 Nonzero if a DST timezone is defined. See note below.

.. data:: timezone

 The offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative in
 most of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in the UK). See note below.

.. data:: tzname

 A tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST timezone, the
 second is the name of the local DST timezone. If no DST timezone is defined,
 the second string should not be used. See note below.

.. seealso::

 Module :mod:`datetime`
 More object-oriented interface to dates and times.

 Module :mod:`locale`
 Internationalization services. The locale setting affects the interpretation
 of many format specifiers in :func:`strftime` and :func:`strptime`.

 Module :mod:`calendar`
 General calendar-related functions. :func:`~calendar.timegm` is the
 inverse of :func:`gmtime` from this module.

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