:mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching

.. module:: fnmatch
 :synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching.

Source code: :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py`

.. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion

.. index:: module: re

This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:

.. index::
 single: * (asterisk); in glob-style wildcards
 single: ? (question mark); in glob-style wildcards
 single: [] (square brackets); in glob-style wildcards
 single: ! (exclamation); in glob-style wildcards
 single: - (minus); in glob-style wildcards

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, '[?]' matches the character '?'.

.. index:: module: glob

Note that the filename separator ('/' on Unix) is not special to this module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses :func:`.filter` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the * and ? patterns.

.. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern)

 Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning
 :const:`True` or :const:`False`. Both parameters are case-normalized
 using :func:`os.path.normcase`. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a
 case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the
 operating system.

 This example will print all file names in the current directory with the
 extension ``.txt``::

 import fnmatch
 import os

 for file in os.listdir('.'):
 if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
 print(file)

.. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)

 Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning :const:`True` or
 :const:`False`; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply
 :func:`os.path.normcase`.

.. function:: filter(names, pattern)

 Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as
 ``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently.

.. function:: translate(pattern)

 Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression for
 using with :func:`re.match`.

 Example:

 >>> import fnmatch, re
 >>>
 >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
 >>> regex
 '(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z'
 >>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
 >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
 <re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>

.. seealso::

 Module :mod:`glob`
 Unix shell-style path expansion.

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