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python3.8.1

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asyncio-llapi-index.rst

asyncio-llapi-index.rst 13.90 KB

.. currentmodule:: asyncio

===================
Low-level API Index
===================

This page lists all low-level asyncio APIs.

Obtaining the Event Loop
========================

.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :func:`asyncio.get_running_loop`
 - The **preferred** function to get the running event loop.

* - :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`
 - Get an event loop instance (current or via the policy).

* - :func:`asyncio.set_event_loop`
 - Set the event loop as current via the current policy.

* - :func:`asyncio.new_event_loop`
 - Create a new event loop.

.. rubric:: Examples

* :ref:`Using asyncio.get_running_loop() <asyncio_example_future>`.

Event Loop Methods
==================

See also the main documentation section about the
:ref:`event loop methods <asyncio-event-loop>`.

.. rubric:: Lifecycle
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.run_until_complete`
 - Run a Future/Task/awaitable until complete.

* - :meth:`loop.run_forever`
 - Run the event loop forever.

* - :meth:`loop.stop`
 - Stop the event loop.

* - :meth:`loop.close`
 - Close the event loop.

* - :meth:`loop.is_running()`
 - Return ``True`` if the event loop is running.

* - :meth:`loop.is_closed()`
 - Return ``True`` if the event loop is closed.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens`
 - Close asynchronous generators.

.. rubric:: Debugging
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.set_debug`
 - Enable or disable the debug mode.

* - :meth:`loop.get_debug`
 - Get the current debug mode.

.. rubric:: Scheduling Callbacks
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.call_soon`
 - Invoke a callback soon.

* - :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe`
 - A thread-safe variant of :meth:`loop.call_soon`.

* - :meth:`loop.call_later`
 - Invoke a callback *after* the given time.

* - :meth:`loop.call_at`
 - Invoke a callback *at* the given time.

.. rubric:: Thread/Process Pool
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`
 - Run a CPU-bound or other blocking function in
 a :mod:`concurrent.futures` executor.

* - :meth:`loop.set_default_executor`
 - Set the default executor for :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`.

.. rubric:: Tasks and Futures
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.create_future`
 - Create a :class:`Future` object.

* - :meth:`loop.create_task`
 - Schedule coroutine as a :class:`Task`.

* - :meth:`loop.set_task_factory`
 - Set a factory used by :meth:`loop.create_task` to
 create :class:`Tasks <Task>`.

* - :meth:`loop.get_task_factory`
 - Get the factory :meth:`loop.create_task` uses
 to create :class:`Tasks <Task>`.

.. rubric:: DNS
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo`
 - Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo`.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.getnameinfo`
 - Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getnameinfo`.

.. rubric:: Networking and IPC
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.create_connection`
 - Open a TCP connection.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.create_server`
 - Create a TCP server.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`
 - Open a Unix socket connection.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`
 - Create a Unix socket server.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket`
 - Wrap a :class:`~socket.socket` into a ``(transport, protocol)``
 pair.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`
 - Open a datagram (UDP) connection.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sendfile`
 - Send a file over a transport.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.start_tls`
 - Upgrade an existing connection to TLS.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`
 - Wrap a read end of a pipe into a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`
 - Wrap a write end of a pipe into a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair.

.. rubric:: Sockets
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv`
 - Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket`.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into`
 - Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket` into a buffer.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendall`
 - Send data to the :class:`~socket.socket`.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_connect`
 - Connect the :class:`~socket.socket`.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_accept`
 - Accept a :class:`~socket.socket` connection.

* - ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile`
 - Send a file over the :class:`~socket.socket`.

* - :meth:`loop.add_reader`
 - Start watching a file descriptor for read availability.

* - :meth:`loop.remove_reader`
 - Stop watching a file descriptor for read availability.

* - :meth:`loop.add_writer`
 - Start watching a file descriptor for write availability.

* - :meth:`loop.remove_writer`
 - Stop watching a file descriptor for write availability.

.. rubric:: Unix Signals
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.add_signal_handler`
 - Add a handler for a :mod:`signal`.

* - :meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler`
 - Remove a handler for a :mod:`signal`.

.. rubric:: Subprocesses
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`
 - Spawn a subprocess.

* - :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`
 - Spawn a subprocess from a shell command.

.. rubric:: Error Handling
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`loop.call_exception_handler`
 - Call the exception handler.

* - :meth:`loop.set_exception_handler`
 - Set a new exception handler.

* - :meth:`loop.get_exception_handler`
 - Get the current exception handler.

* - :meth:`loop.default_exception_handler`
 - The default exception handler implementation.

.. rubric:: Examples

* :ref:`Using asyncio.get_event_loop() and loop.run_forever()
 <asyncio_example_lowlevel_helloworld>`.

* :ref:`Using loop.call_later() <asyncio_example_call_later>`.

* Using ``loop.create_connection()`` to implement
 :ref:`an echo-client <asyncio_example_tcp_echo_client_protocol>`.

* Using ``loop.create_connection()`` to
 :ref:`connect a socket <asyncio_example_create_connection>`.

* :ref:`Using add_reader() to watch an FD for read events
 <asyncio_example_watch_fd>`.

* :ref:`Using loop.add_signal_handler() <asyncio_example_unix_signals>`.

* :ref:`Using loop.subprocess_exec() <asyncio_example_subprocess_proto>`.

Transports
==========

All transports implement the following methods:

.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`transport.close() <BaseTransport.close>`
 - Close the transport.

* - :meth:`transport.is_closing() <BaseTransport.is_closing>`
 - Return ``True`` if the transport is closing or is closed.

* - :meth:`transport.get_extra_info() <BaseTransport.get_extra_info>`
 - Request for information about the transport.

* - :meth:`transport.set_protocol() <BaseTransport.set_protocol>`
 - Set a new protocol.

* - :meth:`transport.get_protocol() <BaseTransport.get_protocol>`
 - Return the current protocol.

Transports that can receive data (TCP and Unix connections,
pipes, etc). Returned from methods like
:meth:`loop.create_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`,
:meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, etc:

.. rubric:: Read Transports
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`transport.is_reading() <ReadTransport.is_reading>`
 - Return ``True`` if the transport is receiving.

* - :meth:`transport.pause_reading() <ReadTransport.pause_reading>`
 - Pause receiving.

* - :meth:`transport.resume_reading() <ReadTransport.resume_reading>`
 - Resume receiving.

Transports that can Send data (TCP and Unix connections,
pipes, etc). Returned from methods like
:meth:`loop.create_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`,
:meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`, etc:

.. rubric:: Write Transports
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`transport.write() <WriteTransport.write>`
 - Write data to the transport.

* - :meth:`transport.writelines() <WriteTransport.writelines>`
 - Write buffers to the transport.

* - :meth:`transport.can_write_eof() <WriteTransport.can_write_eof>`
 - Return :const:`True` if the transport supports sending EOF.

* - :meth:`transport.write_eof() <WriteTransport.write_eof>`
 - Close and send EOF after flushing buffered data.

* - :meth:`transport.abort() <WriteTransport.abort>`
 - Close the transport immediately.

* - :meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_size()
 <WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_size>`
 - Return high and low water marks for write flow control.

* - :meth:`transport.set_write_buffer_limits()
 <WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits>`
 - Set new high and low water marks for write flow control.

Transports returned by :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`:

.. rubric:: Datagram Transports
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`transport.sendto() <DatagramTransport.sendto>`
 - Send data to the remote peer.

* - :meth:`transport.abort() <DatagramTransport.abort>`
 - Close the transport immediately.

Low-level transport abstraction over subprocesses.
Returned by :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and
:meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`:

.. rubric:: Subprocess Transports
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`transport.get_pid() <SubprocessTransport.get_pid>`
 - Return the subprocess process id.

* - :meth:`transport.get_pipe_transport()
 <SubprocessTransport.get_pipe_transport>`
 - Return the transport for the requested communication pipe
 (*stdin*, *stdout*, or *stderr*).

* - :meth:`transport.get_returncode() <SubprocessTransport.get_returncode>`
 - Return the subprocess return code.

* - :meth:`transport.kill() <SubprocessTransport.kill>`
 - Kill the subprocess.

* - :meth:`transport.send_signal() <SubprocessTransport.send_signal>`
 - Send a signal to the subprocess.

* - :meth:`transport.terminate() <SubprocessTransport.terminate>`
 - Stop the subprocess.

* - :meth:`transport.close() <SubprocessTransport.close>`
 - Kill the subprocess and close all pipes.

Protocols
=========

Protocol classes can implement the following **callback methods**:

.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``callback`` :meth:`connection_made() <BaseProtocol.connection_made>`
 - Called when a connection is made.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`connection_lost() <BaseProtocol.connection_lost>`
 - Called when the connection is lost or closed.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`pause_writing() <BaseProtocol.pause_writing>`
 - Called when the transport's buffer goes over the high water mark.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`resume_writing() <BaseProtocol.resume_writing>`
 - Called when the transport's buffer drains below the low water mark.

.. rubric:: Streaming Protocols (TCP, Unix Sockets, Pipes)
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``callback`` :meth:`data_received() <Protocol.data_received>`
 - Called when some data is received.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() <Protocol.eof_received>`
 - Called when an EOF is received.

.. rubric:: Buffered Streaming Protocols
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``callback`` :meth:`get_buffer() <BufferedProtocol.get_buffer>`
 - Called to allocate a new receive buffer.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`buffer_updated() <BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated>`
 - Called when the buffer was updated with the received data.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() <BufferedProtocol.eof_received>`
 - Called when an EOF is received.

.. rubric:: Datagram Protocols
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``callback`` :meth:`datagram_received()
 <DatagramProtocol.datagram_received>`
 - Called when a datagram is received.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`error_received() <DatagramProtocol.error_received>`
 - Called when a previous send or receive operation raises an
 :class:`OSError`.

.. rubric:: Subprocess Protocols
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - ``callback`` :meth:`pipe_data_received()
 <SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received>`
 - Called when the child process writes data into its
 *stdout* or *stderr* pipe.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`pipe_connection_lost()
 <SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost>`
 - Called when one of the pipes communicating with
 the child process is closed.

* - ``callback`` :meth:`process_exited()
 <SubprocessProtocol.process_exited>`
 - Called when the child process has exited.

Event Loop Policies
===================

Policies is a low-level mechanism to alter the behavior of
functions like :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`. See also
the main :ref:`policies section <asyncio-policies>` for more
details.

.. rubric:: Accessing Policies
.. list-table::
 :widths: 50 50
 :class: full-width-table

* - :meth:`asyncio.get_event_loop_policy`
 - Return the current process-wide policy.

* - :meth:`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy`
 - Set a new process-wide policy.

* - :class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy`
 - Base class for policy objects.

一键复制编辑原始数据按行查看历史

zhangweibo 提交于 2021年11月16日 09:46 +08:00 . git init

.. currentmodule:: asyncio

Low-level API Index

This page lists all low-level asyncio APIs.

Obtaining the Event Loop

:func:`asyncio.get_running_loop` The preferred function to get the running event loop.

:func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` Get an event loop instance (current or via the policy).

:func:`asyncio.set_event_loop` Set the event loop as current via the current policy.

:func:`asyncio.new_event_loop` Create a new event loop.

Examples

:ref:`Using asyncio.get_running_loop() <asyncio_example_future>`.

Event Loop Methods

See also the main documentation section about the :ref:`event loop methods <asyncio-event-loop>`.

Lifecycle

:meth:`loop.run_until_complete` Run a Future/Task/awaitable until complete.

:meth:`loop.run_forever` Run the event loop forever.

:meth:`loop.stop` Stop the event loop.

:meth:`loop.close` Close the event loop.

:meth:`loop.is_running()` Return True if the event loop is running.

:meth:`loop.is_closed()` Return True if the event loop is closed.

await :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens` Close asynchronous generators.

Debugging

:meth:`loop.set_debug` Enable or disable the debug mode.

:meth:`loop.get_debug` Get the current debug mode.

Scheduling Callbacks

:meth:`loop.call_soon` Invoke a callback soon.

:meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` A thread-safe variant of :meth:`loop.call_soon`.

:meth:`loop.call_later` Invoke a callback after the given time.

:meth:`loop.call_at` Invoke a callback at the given time.

Thread/Process Pool

await :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` Run a CPU-bound or other blocking function in a :mod:`concurrent.futures` executor.

:meth:`loop.set_default_executor` Set the default executor for :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`.

Tasks and Futures

:meth:`loop.create_future` Create a :class:`Future` object.

:meth:`loop.create_task` Schedule coroutine as a :class:`Task`.

:meth:`loop.set_task_factory` Set a factory used by :meth:`loop.create_task` to create :class:`Tasks <Task>`.

:meth:`loop.get_task_factory` Get the factory :meth:`loop.create_task` uses to create :class:`Tasks <Task>`.

DNS

await :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo` Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo`.

await :meth:`loop.getnameinfo` Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getnameinfo`.

Networking and IPC

await :meth:`loop.create_connection` Open a TCP connection.

await :meth:`loop.create_server` Create a TCP server.

await :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection` Open a Unix socket connection.

await :meth:`loop.create_unix_server` Create a Unix socket server.

await :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket` Wrap a :class:`~socket.socket` into a (transport, protocol) pair.

await :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` Open a datagram (UDP) connection.

await :meth:`loop.sendfile` Send a file over a transport.

await :meth:`loop.start_tls` Upgrade an existing connection to TLS.

await :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` Wrap a read end of a pipe into a (transport, protocol) pair.

await :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` Wrap a write end of a pipe into a (transport, protocol) pair.

Sockets

await :meth:`loop.sock_recv` Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket`.

await :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into` Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket` into a buffer.

await :meth:`loop.sock_sendall` Send data to the :class:`~socket.socket`.

await :meth:`loop.sock_connect` Connect the :class:`~socket.socket`.

await :meth:`loop.sock_accept` Accept a :class:`~socket.socket` connection.

await :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile` Send a file over the :class:`~socket.socket`.

:meth:`loop.add_reader` Start watching a file descriptor for read availability.

:meth:`loop.remove_reader` Stop watching a file descriptor for read availability.

:meth:`loop.add_writer` Start watching a file descriptor for write availability.

:meth:`loop.remove_writer` Stop watching a file descriptor for write availability.

Unix Signals

:meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` Add a handler for a :mod:`signal`.

:meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler` Remove a handler for a :mod:`signal`.

Subprocesses

:meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` Spawn a subprocess.

:meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` Spawn a subprocess from a shell command.

Error Handling

:meth:`loop.call_exception_handler` Call the exception handler.

:meth:`loop.set_exception_handler` Set a new exception handler.

:meth:`loop.get_exception_handler` Get the current exception handler.

:meth:`loop.default_exception_handler` The default exception handler implementation.

Examples

:ref:`Using asyncio.get_event_loop() and loop.run_forever() <asyncio_example_lowlevel_helloworld>`.
:ref:`Using loop.call_later() <asyncio_example_call_later>`.
Using loop.create_connection() to implement :ref:`an echo-client <asyncio_example_tcp_echo_client_protocol>`.
Using loop.create_connection() to :ref:`connect a socket <asyncio_example_create_connection>`.
:ref:`Using add_reader() to watch an FD for read events <asyncio_example_watch_fd>`.
:ref:`Using loop.add_signal_handler() <asyncio_example_unix_signals>`.
:ref:`Using loop.subprocess_exec() <asyncio_example_subprocess_proto>`.

Transports

All transports implement the following methods:

:meth:`transport.close() <BaseTransport.close>` Close the transport.

:meth:`transport.is_closing() <BaseTransport.is_closing>` Return True if the transport is closing or is closed.

:meth:`transport.get_extra_info() <BaseTransport.get_extra_info>` Request for information about the transport.

:meth:`transport.set_protocol() <BaseTransport.set_protocol>` Set a new protocol.

:meth:`transport.get_protocol() <BaseTransport.get_protocol>` Return the current protocol.

Transports that can receive data (TCP and Unix connections, pipes, etc). Returned from methods like :meth:`loop.create_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, etc:

Read Transports

:meth:`transport.is_reading() <ReadTransport.is_reading>` Return True if the transport is receiving.

:meth:`transport.pause_reading() <ReadTransport.pause_reading>` Pause receiving.

:meth:`transport.resume_reading() <ReadTransport.resume_reading>` Resume receiving.

Transports that can Send data (TCP and Unix connections, pipes, etc). Returned from methods like :meth:`loop.create_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`, etc:

Write Transports

:meth:`transport.write() <WriteTransport.write>` Write data to the transport.

:meth:`transport.writelines() <WriteTransport.writelines>` Write buffers to the transport.

:meth:`transport.can_write_eof() <WriteTransport.can_write_eof>` Return :const:`True` if the transport supports sending EOF.

:meth:`transport.write_eof() <WriteTransport.write_eof>` Close and send EOF after flushing buffered data.

:meth:`transport.abort() <WriteTransport.abort>` Close the transport immediately.

:meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_size() <WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_size>` Return high and low water marks for write flow control.

:meth:`transport.set_write_buffer_limits() <WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits>` Set new high and low water marks for write flow control.

Transports returned by :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`:

Datagram Transports

:meth:`transport.sendto() <DatagramTransport.sendto>` Send data to the remote peer.

:meth:`transport.abort() <DatagramTransport.abort>` Close the transport immediately.

Low-level transport abstraction over subprocesses. Returned by :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`:

Subprocess Transports

:meth:`transport.get_pid() <SubprocessTransport.get_pid>` Return the subprocess process id.

:meth:`transport.get_pipe_transport() <SubprocessTransport.get_pipe_transport>` Return the transport for the requested communication pipe (stdin, stdout, or stderr).

:meth:`transport.get_returncode() <SubprocessTransport.get_returncode>` Return the subprocess return code.

:meth:`transport.kill() <SubprocessTransport.kill>` Kill the subprocess.

:meth:`transport.send_signal() <SubprocessTransport.send_signal>` Send a signal to the subprocess.

:meth:`transport.terminate() <SubprocessTransport.terminate>` Stop the subprocess.

:meth:`transport.close() <SubprocessTransport.close>` Kill the subprocess and close all pipes.

Protocols

Protocol classes can implement the following callback methods:

callback :meth:`connection_made() <BaseProtocol.connection_made>` Called when a connection is made.

callback :meth:`connection_lost() <BaseProtocol.connection_lost>` Called when the connection is lost or closed.

callback :meth:`pause_writing() <BaseProtocol.pause_writing>` Called when the transport's buffer goes over the high water mark.

callback :meth:`resume_writing() <BaseProtocol.resume_writing>` Called when the transport's buffer drains below the low water mark.

Streaming Protocols (TCP, Unix Sockets, Pipes)

callback :meth:`data_received() <Protocol.data_received>` Called when some data is received.

callback :meth:`eof_received() <Protocol.eof_received>` Called when an EOF is received.

Buffered Streaming Protocols

callback :meth:`get_buffer() <BufferedProtocol.get_buffer>` Called to allocate a new receive buffer.

callback :meth:`buffer_updated() <BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated>` Called when the buffer was updated with the received data.

callback :meth:`eof_received() <BufferedProtocol.eof_received>` Called when an EOF is received.

Datagram Protocols

callback :meth:`datagram_received() <DatagramProtocol.datagram_received>` Called when a datagram is received.

callback :meth:`error_received() <DatagramProtocol.error_received>` Called when a previous send or receive operation raises an :class:`OSError`.

Subprocess Protocols

callback :meth:`pipe_data_received() <SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received>` Called when the child process writes data into its stdout or stderr pipe.

callback :meth:`pipe_connection_lost() <SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost>` Called when one of the pipes communicating with the child process is closed.

callback :meth:`process_exited() <SubprocessProtocol.process_exited>` Called when the child process has exited.

Event Loop Policies

Policies is a low-level mechanism to alter the behavior of functions like :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`. See also the main :ref:`policies section <asyncio-policies>` for more details.

Accessing Policies

:meth:`asyncio.get_event_loop_policy` Return the current process-wide policy.

:meth:`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy` Set a new process-wide policy.

:class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy` Base class for policy objects.