# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_"""python_lda.py by xianhu"""import osimport numpyimport loggingfrom collections import defaultdict# 全局变量MAX_ITER_NUM = 10000 # 最大迭代次数VAR_NUM = 20 # 自动计算迭代次数时,计算方差的区间大小class BiDictionary(object):"""定义双向字典,通过key可以得到value,通过value也可以得到key"""def __init__(self):""":key: 双向字典初始化"""self.dict = {} # 正向的数据字典,其key为self的keyself.dict_reversed = {} # 反向的数据字典,其key为self的valuereturndef __len__(self):""":key: 获取双向字典的长度"""return len(self.dict)def __str__(self):""":key: 将双向字典转化为字符串对象"""str_list = ["%s\t%s" % (key, self.dict[key]) for key in self.dict]return "\n".join(str_list)def clear(self):""":key: 清空双向字典对象"""self.dict.clear()self.dict_reversed.clear()returndef add_key_value(self, key, value):""":key: 更新双向字典,增加一项"""self.dict[key] = valueself.dict_reversed[value] = keyreturndef remove_key_value(self, key, value):""":key: 更新双向字典,删除一项"""if key in self.dict:del self.dict[key]del self.dict_reversed[value]returndef get_value(self, key, default=None):""":key: 通过key获取value,不存在返回default"""return self.dict.get(key, default)def get_key(self, value, default=None):""":key: 通过value获取key,不存在返回default"""return self.dict_reversed.get(value, default)def contains_key(self, key):""":key: 判断是否存在key值"""return key in self.dictdef contains_value(self, value):""":key: 判断是否存在value值"""return value in self.dict_reverseddef keys(self):""":key: 得到双向字典全部的keys"""return self.dict.keys()def values(self):""":key: 得到双向字典全部的values"""return self.dict_reversed.keys()def items(self):""":key: 得到双向字典全部的items"""return self.dict.items()class CorpusSet(object):"""定义语料集类,作为LdaBase的基类"""def __init__(self):""":key: 初始化函数"""# 定义关于word的变量self.local_bi = BiDictionary() # id和word之间的本地双向字典,key为id,value为wordself.words_count = 0 # 数据集中word的数量(排重之前的)self.V = 0 # 数据集中word的数量(排重之后的)# 定义关于article的变量self.artids_list = [] # 全部article的id的列表,按照数据读取的顺序存储self.arts_Z = [] # 全部article中所有词的id信息,维数为 M * art.length()self.M = 0 # 数据集中article的数量# 定义推断中用到的变量(可能为空)self.global_bi = None # id和word之间的全局双向字典,key为id,value为wordself.local_2_global = {} # 一个字典,local字典和global字典之间的对应关系returndef init_corpus_with_file(self, file_name):""":key: 利用数据文件初始化语料集数据。文件每一行的数据格式: id[tab]word1 word2 word3......"""with open(file_name, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file_iter:self.init_corpus_with_articles(file_iter)returndef init_corpus_with_articles(self, article_list):""":key: 利用article的列表初始化语料集。每一篇article的格式为: id[tab]word1 word2 word3......"""# 清理数据--word数据self.local_bi.clear()self.words_count = 0self.V = 0# 清理数据--article数据self.artids_list.clear()self.arts_Z.clear()self.M = 0# 清理数据--清理local到global的映射关系self.local_2_global.clear()# 读取article数据for line in article_list:frags = line.strip().split()if len(frags) < 2:continue# 获取article的idart_id = frags[0].strip()# 获取word的idart_wordid_list = []for word in [w.strip() for w in frags[1:] if w.strip()]:local_id = self.local_bi.get_key(word) if self.local_bi.contains_value(word) else len(self.local_bi)# 这里的self.global_bi为None和为空是有区别的if self.global_bi is None:# 更新id信息self.local_bi.add_key_value(local_id, word)art_wordid_list.append(local_id)else:if self.global_bi.contains_value(word):# 更新id信息self.local_bi.add_key_value(local_id, word)art_wordid_list.append(local_id)# 更新local_2_globalself.local_2_global[local_id] = self.global_bi.get_key(word)# 更新类变量: 必须article中word的数量大于0if len(art_wordid_list) > 0:self.words_count += len(art_wordid_list)self.artids_list.append(art_id)self.arts_Z.append(art_wordid_list)# 做相关初始计算--word相关self.V = len(self.local_bi)logging.debug("words number: " + str(self.V) + ", " + str(self.words_count))# 做相关初始计算--article相关self.M = len(self.artids_list)logging.debug("articles number: " + str(self.M))returndef save_wordmap(self, file_name):""":key: 保存word字典,即self.local_bi的数据"""with open(file_name, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_save:f_save.write(str(self.local_bi))returndef load_wordmap(self, file_name):""":key: 加载word字典,即加载self.local_bi的数据"""self.local_bi.clear()with open(file_name, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f_load:for _id, _word in [line.strip().split() for line in f_load if line.strip()]:self.local_bi.add_key_value(int(_id), _word.strip())self.V = len(self.local_bi)returnclass LdaBase(CorpusSet):"""LDA模型的基类,相关说明:》article的下标范围为[0, self.M), 下标为 m》wordid的下标范围为[0, self.V), 下标为 w》topic的下标范围为[0, self.K), 下标为 k 或 topic》article中word的下标范围为[0, article.size()), 下标为 n"""def __init__(self):""":key: 初始化函数"""CorpusSet.__init__(self)# 基础变量--1self.dir_path = "" # 文件夹路径,用于存放LDA运行的数据、中间结果等self.model_name = "" # LDA训练或推断的模型名称,也用于读取训练的结果self.current_iter = 0 # LDA训练或推断的模型已经迭代的次数,用于继续模型训练过程self.iters_num = 0 # LDA训练或推断过程中Gibbs抽样迭代的总次数,整数值或者"auto"self.topics_num = 0 # LDA训练或推断过程中的topic的数量,即self.K值self.K = 0 # LDA训练或推断过程中的topic的数量,即self.topics_num值self.twords_num = 0 # LDA训练或推断结束后输出与每个topic相关的word的个数# 基础变量--2self.alpha = numpy.zeros(self.K) # 超参数alpha,K维的float值,默认为50/Kself.beta = numpy.zeros(self.V) # 超参数beta,V维的float值,默认为0.01# 基础变量--3self.Z = [] # 所有word的topic信息,即Z(m, n),维数为 M * article.size()# 统计计数(可由self.Z计算得到)self.nd = numpy.zeros((self.M, self.K)) # nd[m, k]用于保存第m篇article中第k个topic产生的词的个数,其维数为 M * Kself.ndsum = numpy.zeros((self.M, 1)) # ndsum[m, 0]用于保存第m篇article的总词数,维数为 M * 1self.nw = numpy.zeros((self.K, self.V)) # nw[k, w]用于保存第k个topic产生的词中第w个词的数量,其维数为 K * Vself.nwsum = numpy.zeros((self.K, 1)) # nwsum[k, 0]用于保存第k个topic产生的词的总数,维数为 K * 1# 多项式分布参数变量self.theta = numpy.zeros((self.M, self.K)) # Doc-Topic多项式分布的参数,维数为 M * K,由alpha值影响self.phi = numpy.zeros((self.K, self.V)) # Topic-Word多项式分布的参数,维数为 K * V,由beta值影响# 辅助变量,目的是提高算法执行效率self.sum_alpha = 0.0 # 超参数alpha的和self.sum_beta = 0.0 # 超参数beta的和# 先验知识,格式为{word_id: [k1, k2, ...], ...}self.prior_word = defaultdict(list)# 推断时需要的训练模型self.train_model = Nonereturn# --------------------------------------------------辅助函数---------------------------------------------------------def init_statistics_document(self):""":key: 初始化关于article的统计计数。先决条件: self.M, self.K, self.Z"""assert self.M > 0 and self.K > 0 and self.Z# 统计计数初始化self.nd = numpy.zeros((self.M, self.K), dtype=numpy.int)self.ndsum = numpy.zeros((self.M, 1), dtype=numpy.int)# 根据self.Z进行更新,更新self.nd[m, k]和self.ndsum[m, 0]for m in range(self.M):for k in self.Z[m]:self.nd[m, k] += 1self.ndsum[m, 0] = len(self.Z[m])returndef init_statistics_word(self):""":key: 初始化关于word的统计计数。先决条件: self.V, self.K, self.Z, self.arts_Z"""assert self.V > 0 and self.K > 0 and self.Z and self.arts_Z# 统计计数初始化self.nw = numpy.zeros((self.K, self.V), dtype=numpy.int)self.nwsum = numpy.zeros((self.K, 1), dtype=numpy.int)# 根据self.Z进行更新,更新self.nw[k, w]和self.nwsum[k, 0]for m in range(self.M):for k, w in zip(self.Z[m], self.arts_Z[m]):self.nw[k, w] += 1self.nwsum[k, 0] += 1returndef init_statistics(self):""":key: 初始化全部的统计计数。上两个函数的综合函数。"""self.init_statistics_document()self.init_statistics_word()returndef sum_alpha_beta(self):""":key: 计算alpha、beta的和"""self.sum_alpha = self.alpha.sum()self.sum_beta = self.beta.sum()returndef calculate_theta(self):""":key: 初始化并计算模型的theta值(M*K),用到alpha值"""assert self.sum_alpha > 0self.theta = (self.nd + self.alpha) / (self.ndsum + self.sum_alpha)returndef calculate_phi(self):""":key: 初始化并计算模型的phi值(K*V),用到beta值"""assert self.sum_beta > 0self.phi = (self.nw + self.beta) / (self.nwsum + self.sum_beta)return# ---------------------------------------------计算Perplexity值------------------------------------------------------def calculate_perplexity(self):""":key: 计算Perplexity值,并返回"""# 计算theta和phi值self.calculate_theta()self.calculate_phi()# 开始计算preplexity = 0.0for m in range(self.M):for w in self.arts_Z[m]:preplexity += numpy.log(numpy.sum(self.theta[m] * self.phi[:, w]))return numpy.exp(-(preplexity / self.words_count))# --------------------------------------------------静态函数---------------------------------------------------------@staticmethoddef multinomial_sample(pro_list):""":key: 静态函数,多项式分布抽样,此时会改变pro_list的值:param pro_list: [0.2, 0.7, 0.4, 0.1],此时说明返回下标1的可能性大,但也不绝对"""# 将pro_list进行累加for k in range(1, len(pro_list)):pro_list[k] += pro_list[k-1]# 确定随机数 u 落在哪个下标值,此时的下标值即为抽取的类别(random.rand()返回: [0, 1.0))u = numpy.random.rand() * pro_list[-1]return_index = len(pro_list) - 1for t in range(len(pro_list)):if pro_list[t] > u:return_index = tbreakreturn return_index# ----------------------------------------------Gibbs抽样算法--------------------------------------------------------def gibbs_sampling(self, is_calculate_preplexity):""":key: LDA模型中的Gibbs抽样过程:param is_calculate_preplexity: 是否计算preplexity值"""# 计算preplexity值用到的变量pp_list = []pp_var = numpy.inf# 开始迭代last_iter = self.current_iter + 1iters_num = self.iters_num if self.iters_num != "auto" else MAX_ITER_NUMfor self.current_iter in range(last_iter, last_iter+iters_num):info = "......"# 是否计算preplexity值if is_calculate_preplexity:pp = self.calculate_perplexity()pp_list.append(pp)# 计算列表最新VAR_NUM项的方差pp_var = numpy.var(pp_list[-VAR_NUM:]) if len(pp_list) >= VAR_NUM else numpy.infinfo = (", preplexity: " + str(pp)) + ((", var: " + str(pp_var)) if len(pp_list) >= VAR_NUM else "")# 输出Debug信息logging.debug("\titeration " + str(self.current_iter) + info)# 判断是否跳出循环if self.iters_num == "auto" and pp_var < (VAR_NUM / 2):break# 对每篇article的每个word进行一次抽样,抽取合适的k值for m in range(self.M):for n in range(len(self.Z[m])):w = self.arts_Z[m][n]k = self.Z[m][n]# 统计计数减一self.nd[m, k] -= 1self.ndsum[m, 0] -= 1self.nw[k, w] -= 1self.nwsum[k, 0] -= 1if self.prior_word and (w in self.prior_word):# 带有先验知识,否则进行正常抽样k = numpy.random.choice(self.prior_word[w])else:# 计算theta值--下边的过程为抽取第m篇article的第n个词w的topic,即新的ktheta_p = (self.nd[m] + self.alpha) / (self.ndsum[m, 0] + self.sum_alpha)# 计算phi值--判断是训练模型,还是推断模型(注意self.beta[w_g])if self.local_2_global and self.train_model:w_g = self.local_2_global[w]phi_p = (self.train_model.nw[:, w_g] + self.nw[:, w] + self.beta[w_g]) / \(self.train_model.nwsum[:, 0] + self.nwsum[:, 0] + self.sum_beta)else:phi_p = (self.nw[:, w] + self.beta[w]) / (self.nwsum[:, 0] + self.sum_beta)# multi_p为多项式分布的参数,此时没有进行标准化multi_p = theta_p * phi_p# 此时的topic即为Gibbs抽样得到的topic,它有较大的概率命中多项式概率大的topick = LdaBase.multinomial_sample(multi_p)# 统计计数加一self.nd[m, k] += 1self.ndsum[m, 0] += 1self.nw[k, w] += 1self.nwsum[k, 0] += 1# 更新Z值self.Z[m][n] = k# 抽样完毕return# -----------------------------------------Model数据存储、读取相关函数-------------------------------------------------def save_parameter(self, file_name):""":key: 保存模型相关参数数据,包括: topics_num, M, V, K, words_count, alpha, beta"""with open(file_name, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_param:for item in ["topics_num", "M", "V", "K", "words_count"]:f_param.write("%s\t%s\n" % (item, str(self.__dict__[item])))f_param.write("alpha\t%s\n" % ",".join([str(item) for item in self.alpha]))f_param.write("beta\t%s\n" % ",".join([str(item) for item in self.beta]))returndef load_parameter(self, file_name):""":key: 加载模型相关参数数据,和上一个函数相对应"""with open(file_name, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f_param:for line in f_param:key, value = line.strip().split()if key in ["topics_num", "M", "V", "K", "words_count"]:self.__dict__[key] = int(value)elif key in ["alpha", "beta"]:self.__dict__[key] = numpy.array([float(item) for item in value.split(",")])returndef save_zvalue(self, file_name):""":key: 保存模型关于article的变量,包括: arts_Z, Z, artids_list等"""with open(file_name, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_zvalue:for m in range(self.M):out_line = [str(w) + ":" + str(k) for w, k in zip(self.arts_Z[m], self.Z[m])]f_zvalue.write(self.artids_list[m] + "\t" + " ".join(out_line) + "\n")returndef load_zvalue(self, file_name):""":key: 读取模型的Z变量。和上一个函数相对应"""self.arts_Z = []self.artids_list = []self.Z = []with open(file_name, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f_zvalue:for line in f_zvalue:frags = line.strip().split()art_id = frags[0].strip()w_k_list = [value.split(":") for value in frags[1:]]# 添加到类中self.artids_list.append(art_id)self.arts_Z.append([int(item[0]) for item in w_k_list])self.Z.append([int(item[1]) for item in w_k_list])returndef save_twords(self, file_name):""":key: 保存模型的twords数据,要用到phi的数据"""self.calculate_phi()out_num = self.V if self.twords_num > self.V else self.twords_numwith open(file_name, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_twords:for k in range(self.K):words_list = sorted([(w, self.phi[k, w]) for w in range(self.V)], key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)f_twords.write("Topic %dth:\n" % k)f_twords.writelines(["\t%s %f\n" % (self.local_bi.get_value(w), p) for w, p in words_list[:out_num]])returndef load_twords(self, file_name):""":key: 加载模型的twords数据,即先验数据"""self.prior_word.clear()topic = -1with open(file_name, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f_twords:for line in f_twords:if line.startswith("Topic"):topic = int(line.strip()[6:-3])else:word_id = self.local_bi.get_key(line.strip().split()[0].strip())self.prior_word[word_id].append(topic)returndef save_tag(self, file_name):""":key: 输出模型最终给数据打标签的结果,用到theta值"""self.calculate_theta()with open(file_name, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f_tag:for m in range(self.M):f_tag.write("%s\t%s\n" % (self.artids_list[m], " ".join([str(item) for item in self.theta[m]])))returndef save_model(self):""":key: 保存模型数据"""name_predix = "%s-%05d" % (self.model_name, self.current_iter)# 保存训练结果self.save_parameter(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "param")))self.save_wordmap(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "wordmap")))self.save_zvalue(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "zvalue")))#保存额外数据self.save_twords(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "twords")))self.save_tag(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "tag")))returndef load_model(self):""":key: 加载模型数据"""name_predix = "%s-%05d" % (self.model_name, self.current_iter)# 加载训练结果self.load_parameter(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "param")))self.load_wordmap(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "wordmap")))self.load_zvalue(os.path.join(self.dir_path, "%s.%s" % (name_predix, "zvalue")))returnclass LdaModel(LdaBase):"""LDA模型定义,主要实现训练、继续训练、推断的过程"""def init_train_model(self, dir_path, model_name, current_iter, iters_num=None, topics_num=10, twords_num=200,alpha=-1.0, beta=0.01, data_file="", prior_file=""):""":key: 初始化训练模型,根据参数current_iter(是否等于0)决定是初始化新模型,还是加载已有模型:key: 当初始化新模型时,除了prior_file先验文件外,其余所有的参数都需要,且current_iter等于0:key: 当加载已有模型时,只需要dir_path, model_name, current_iter(不等于0), iters_num, twords_num即可:param iters_num: 可以为整数值或者"auto""""if current_iter == 0:logging.debug("init a new train model")# 初始化语料集self.init_corpus_with_file(data_file)# 初始化部分变量self.dir_path = dir_pathself.model_name = model_nameself.current_iter = current_iterself.iters_num = iters_numself.topics_num = topics_numself.K = topics_numself.twords_num = twords_num# 初始化alpha和betaself.alpha = numpy.array([alpha if alpha > 0 else (50.0/self.K) for k in range(self.K)])self.beta = numpy.array([beta if beta > 0 else 0.01 for w in range(self.V)])# 初始化Z值,以便统计计数self.Z = [[numpy.random.randint(self.K) for n in range(len(self.arts_Z[m]))] for m in range(self.M)]else:logging.debug("init an existed model")# 初始化部分变量self.dir_path = dir_pathself.model_name = model_nameself.current_iter = current_iterself.iters_num = iters_numself.twords_num = twords_num# 加载已有模型self.load_model()# 初始化统计计数self.init_statistics()# 计算alpha和beta的和值self.sum_alpha_beta()# 初始化先验知识if prior_file:self.load_twords(prior_file)# 返回该模型return selfdef begin_gibbs_sampling_train(self, is_calculate_preplexity=True):""":key: 训练模型,对语料集中的所有数据进行Gibbs抽样,并保存最后的抽样结果"""# Gibbs抽样logging.debug("sample iteration start, iters_num: " + str(self.iters_num))self.gibbs_sampling(is_calculate_preplexity)logging.debug("sample iteration finish")# 保存模型logging.debug("save model")self.save_model()returndef init_inference_model(self, train_model):""":key: 初始化推断模型"""self.train_model = train_model# 初始化变量: 主要用到self.topics_num, self.Kself.topics_num = train_model.topics_numself.K = train_model.K# 初始化变量self.alpha, self.beta,直接沿用train_model的值self.alpha = train_model.alpha # K维的float值,训练和推断模型中的K相同,故可以沿用self.beta = train_model.beta # V维的float值,推断模型中用于计算phi的V值应该是全局的word的数量,故可以沿用self.sum_alpha_beta() # 计算alpha和beta的和# 初始化数据集的self.global_biself.global_bi = train_model.local_bireturndef inference_data(self, article_list, iters_num=100, repeat_num=3):""":key: 利用现有模型推断数据:param article_list: 每一行的数据格式为: id[tab]word1 word2 word3......:param iters_num: 每一次迭代的次数:param repeat_num: 重复迭代的次数"""# 初始化语料集self.init_corpus_with_articles(article_list)# 初始化返回变量return_theta = numpy.zeros((self.M, self.K))# 重复抽样for i in range(repeat_num):logging.debug("inference repeat_num: " + str(i+1))# 初始化变量self.current_iter = 0self.iters_num = iters_num# 初始化Z值,以便统计计数self.Z = [[numpy.random.randint(self.K) for n in range(len(self.arts_Z[m]))] for m in range(self.M)]# 初始化统计计数self.init_statistics()# 开始推断self.gibbs_sampling(is_calculate_preplexity=False)# 计算thetaself.calculate_theta()return_theta += self.theta# 计算结果,并返回return return_theta / repeat_numif __name__ == "__main__":"""测试代码"""logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format="%(asctime)s\t%(levelname)s\t%(message)s")# train或者inferencetest_type = "train"# test_type = "inference"# 测试新模型if test_type == "train":model = LdaModel()# 由prior_file决定是否带有先验知识model.init_train_model("data/", "model", current_iter=0, iters_num="auto", topics_num=10, data_file="corpus.txt")# model.init_train_model("data/", "model", current_iter=0, iters_num="auto", topics_num=10, data_file="corpus.txt", prior_file="prior.twords")model.begin_gibbs_sampling_train()elif test_type == "inference":model = LdaModel()model.init_inference_model(LdaModel().init_train_model("data/", "model", current_iter=134))data = ["cn 咪咕 漫画 咪咕 漫画 漫画 更名 咪咕 漫画 资源 偷星 国漫 全彩 日漫 实时 在线看 随心所欲 登陆 漫画 资源 黑白 全彩 航海王","co aircloud aircloud 硬件 设备 wifi 智能 手要 平板电脑 电脑 存储 aircloud 文件 远程 型号 aircloud 硬件 设备 wifi"]result = model.inference_data(data)# 退出程序exit()
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