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 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
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package java.util;

/**
 * This exception may be thrown by methods that have detected concurrent
 * modification of an object when such modification is not permissible.
 * <p>
 * For example, it is not generally permissible for one thread to modify a Collection
 * while another thread is iterating over it. In general, the results of the
 * iteration are undefined under these circumstances. Some Iterator
 * implementations (including those of all the general purpose collection implementations
 * provided by the JRE) may choose to throw this exception if this behavior is
 * detected. Iterators that do this are known as <i>fail-fast</i> iterators,
 * as they fail quickly and cleanly, rather that risking arbitrary,
 * non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
 * <p>
 * Note that this exception does not always indicate that an object has
 * been concurrently modified by a <i>different</i> thread. If a single
 * thread issues a sequence of method invocations that violates the
 * contract of an object, the object may throw this exception. For
 * example, if a thread modifies a collection directly while it is
 * iterating over the collection with a fail-fast iterator, the iterator
 * will throw this exception.
 *
 * <p>Note that fail-fast behavior cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally
 * speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of
 * unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast operations
 * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
 * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
 * exception for its correctness: <i>{@code ConcurrentModificationException}
 * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
 *
 * @author Josh Bloch
 * @see Collection
 * @see Iterator
 * @see Spliterator
 * @see ListIterator
 * @see Vector
 * @see LinkedList
 * @see HashSet
 * @see Hashtable
 * @see TreeMap
 * @see AbstractList
 * @since 1.2
 */
public class ConcurrentModificationException extends RuntimeException {
 private static final long serialVersionUID = -3666751008965953603L;

 /**
 * Constructs a ConcurrentModificationException with no
 * detail message.
 */
 public ConcurrentModificationException() {
 }

 /**
 * Constructs a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} with the
 * specified detail message.
 *
 * @param message the detail message pertaining to this exception.
 */
 public ConcurrentModificationException(String message) {
 super(message);
 }

 /**
 * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
 * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
 * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}.
 *
 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
 * {@link Throwable#getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
 * unknown.)
 * @since 1.7
 */
 public ConcurrentModificationException(Throwable cause) {
 super(cause);
 }

 /**
 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
 * cause.
 *
 * <p>Note that the detail message associated with <code>cause</code> is
 * <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in this exception's detail
 * message.
 *
 * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
 * by the {@link Throwable#getMessage()} method).
 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
 * {@link Throwable#getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value
 * is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
 * unknown.)
 * @since 1.7
 */
 public ConcurrentModificationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
 super(message, cause);
 }
}