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<p align="center">
 <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" alt="SQLModel"></a>
</p>
<p align="center">
 <em>SQLModel, SQL databases in Python, designed for simplicity, compatibility, and robustness.</em>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/actions?query=workflow%3ATest" target="_blank">
 <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/workflows/Test/badge.svg" alt="Test">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/actions?query=workflow%3APublish" target="_blank">
 <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/workflows/Publish/badge.svg" alt="Publish">
</a>
<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/sqlmodel" target="_blank">
 <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/sqlmodel.svg" alt="Coverage">
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/sqlmodel" target="_blank">
 <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/sqlmodel?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
</a>
</p>

---

**Documentation**: <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com</a>

**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel</a>

---

SQLModel is a library for interacting with <abbr title='Also called "Relational databases"'>SQL databases</abbr> from Python code, with Python objects. It is designed to be intuitive, easy to use, highly compatible, and robust.

**SQLModel** is based on Python type annotations, and powered by <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> and <a href="https://sqlalchemy.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLAlchemy</a>.

The key features are:

* **Intuitive to write**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging. Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Easy to use**: It has sensible defaults and does a lot of work underneath to simplify the code you write.
* **Compatible**: It is designed to be compatible with **FastAPI**, Pydantic, and SQLAlchemy.
* **Extensible**: You have all the power of SQLAlchemy and Pydantic underneath.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. A single type annotation does a lot of work. No need to duplicate models in SQLAlchemy and Pydantic.

## Sponsors

## SQL Databases in FastAPI

**SQLModel** is designed to simplify interacting with SQL databases in <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI</a> applications, it was created by the same <a href="https://tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">author</a>. 😁

It combines SQLAlchemy and Pydantic and tries to simplify the code you write as much as possible, allowing you to reduce the **code duplication to a minimum**, but while getting the **best developer experience** possible.

**SQLModel** is, in fact, a thin layer on top of **Pydantic** and **SQLAlchemy**, carefully designed to be compatible with both.

## Requirements

A recent and currently supported <a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/" class="external-link" target="_blank">version of Python</a>.

As **SQLModel** is based on **Pydantic** and **SQLAlchemy**, it requires them. They will be automatically installed when you install SQLModel.

## Installation

```console
$ pip install sqlmodel
---> 100%
Successfully installed sqlmodel
```

</div>

## Example

For an introduction to databases, SQL, and everything else, see the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/databases/" target="_blank">SQLModel documentation</a>.

Here's a quick example. ✨

### A SQL Table

Imagine you have a SQL table called `hero` with:

* `id`
* `name`
* `secret_name`
* `age`

And you want it to have this data:

| id | name | secret_name | age |
-----|------|-------------|------|
| 1 | Deadpond | Dive Wilson | null |
| 2 | Spider-Boy | Pedro Parqueador | null |
| 3 | Rusty-Man | Tommy Sharp | 48 |

### Create a SQLModel Model

Then you could create a **SQLModel** model like this:

```Python
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, SQLModel

class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
 id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
 name: str
 secret_name: str
 age: Optional[int] = None
```

That class `Hero` is a **SQLModel** model, the equivalent of a SQL table in Python code.

And each of those class attributes is equivalent to each **table column**.

### Create Rows

Then you could **create each row** of the table as an **instance** of the model:

```Python
hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)
```

This way, you can use conventional Python code with **classes** and **instances** that represent **tables** and **rows**, and that way communicate with the **SQL database**.

### Editor Support

Everything is designed for you to get the best developer experience possible, with the best editor support.

Including **autocompletion**:

And **inline errors**:

### Write to the Database

You can learn a lot more about **SQLModel** by quickly following the **tutorial**, but if you need a taste right now of how to put all that together and save to the database, you can do this:

```Python hl_lines="18 21 23-27"
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine

class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
 id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
 name: str
 secret_name: str
 age: Optional[int] = None

hero_1 = Hero(name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson")
hero_2 = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
hero_3 = Hero(name="Rusty-Man", secret_name="Tommy Sharp", age=48)

engine = create_engine("sqlite:///database.db")

SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)

with Session(engine) as session:
 session.add(hero_1)
 session.add(hero_2)
 session.add(hero_3)
 session.commit()
```

That will save a **SQLite** database with the 3 heroes.

### Select from the Database

Then you could write queries to select from that same database, for example with:

```Python hl_lines="15-18"
from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select

class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
 id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
 name: str
 secret_name: str
 age: Optional[int] = None

engine = create_engine("sqlite:///database.db")

with Session(engine) as session:
 statement = select(Hero).where(Hero.name == "Spider-Boy")
 hero = session.exec(statement).first()
 print(hero)
```

### Editor Support Everywhere

**SQLModel** was carefully designed to give you the best developer experience and editor support, **even after selecting data** from the database:

## SQLAlchemy and Pydantic

That class `Hero` is a **SQLModel** model.

But at the same time, ✨ it is a **SQLAlchemy** model ✨. So, you can combine it and use it with other SQLAlchemy models, or you could easily migrate applications with SQLAlchemy to **SQLModel**.

And at the same time, ✨ it is also a **Pydantic** model ✨. You can use inheritance with it to define all your **data models** while avoiding code duplication. That makes it very easy to use with **FastAPI**.

## License

This project is licensed under the terms of the [MIT license](https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/blob/main/LICENSE).

The MIT License (MIT) Copyright (c) 2021 Sebastián Ramírez Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.