// Copyright 2011 Baptiste Lepilleur and The JsonCpp Authors
// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
// recognized in your jurisdiction.
// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE

#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
#include <json/assertions.h>
#include <json/value.h>
#include <json/writer.h>
#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <utility>

// Provide implementation equivalent of std::snprintf for older _MSC compilers
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
#include <stdarg.h>
static int msvc_pre1900_c99_vsnprintf(char* outBuf, size_t size,
 const char* format, va_list ap) {
 int count = -1;
 if (size != 0)
 count = _vsnprintf_s(outBuf, size, _TRUNCATE, format, ap);
 if (count == -1)
 count = _vscprintf(format, ap);
 return count;
}

int JSON_API msvc_pre1900_c99_snprintf(char* outBuf, size_t size,
 const char* format, ...) {
 va_list ap;
 va_start(ap, format);
 const int count = msvc_pre1900_c99_vsnprintf(outBuf, size, format, ap);
 va_end(ap);
 return count;
}
#endif

// Disable warning C4702 : unreachable code
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable : 4702)
#endif

#define JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE assert(false)

namespace Json {
template <typename T>
static std::unique_ptr<T> cloneUnique(const std::unique_ptr<T>& p) {
 std::unique_ptr<T> r;
 if (p) {
 r = std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(*p));
 }
 return r;
}

// This is a walkaround to avoid the static initialization of Value::null.
// kNull must be word-aligned to avoid crashing on ARM. We use an alignment of
// 8 (instead of 4) as a bit of future-proofing.
#if defined(__ARMEL__)
#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment) __attribute__((aligned(byte_alignment)))
#else
#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment)
#endif

// static
Value const& Value::nullSingleton() {
 static Value const nullStatic;
 return nullStatic;
}

#if JSON_USE_NULLREF
// for backwards compatibility, we'll leave these global references around, but
// DO NOT use them in JSONCPP library code any more!
// static
Value const& Value::null = Value::nullSingleton();

// static
Value const& Value::nullRef = Value::nullSingleton();
#endif

#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
template <typename T, typename U>
static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
 // The casts can lose precision, but we are looking only for
 // an approximate range. Might fail on edge cases though. ~cdunn
 return d >= static_cast<double>(min) && d <= static_cast<double>(max);
}
#else // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
static inline double integerToDouble(Json::UInt64 value) {
 return static_cast<double>(Int64(value / 2)) * 2.0 +
 static_cast<double>(Int64(value & 1));
}

template <typename T> static inline double integerToDouble(T value) {
 return static_cast<double>(value);
}

template <typename T, typename U>
static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
 return d >= integerToDouble(min) && d <= integerToDouble(max);
}
#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)

/** Duplicates the specified string value.
 * @param value Pointer to the string to duplicate. Must be zero-terminated if
 * length is "unknown".
 * @param length Length of the value. if equals to unknown, then it will be
 * computed using strlen(value).
 * @return Pointer on the duplicate instance of string.
 */
static inline char* duplicateStringValue(const char* value, size_t length) {
 // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
 // to a sane value.
 if (length >= static_cast<size_t>(Value::maxInt))
 length = Value::maxInt - 1;

 auto newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(length + 1));
 if (newString == nullptr) {
 throwRuntimeError("in Json::Value::duplicateStringValue(): "
 "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
 }
 memcpy(newString, value, length);
 newString[length] = 0;
 return newString;
}

/* Record the length as a prefix.
 */
static inline char* duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(const char* value,
 unsigned int length) {
 // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
 // to a sane value.
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(length <= static_cast<unsigned>(Value::maxInt) -
 sizeof(unsigned) - 1U,
 "in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
 "length too big for prefixing");
 size_t actualLength = sizeof(length) + length + 1;
 auto newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(actualLength));
 if (newString == nullptr) {
 throwRuntimeError("in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
 "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
 }
 *reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(newString) = length;
 memcpy(newString + sizeof(unsigned), value, length);
 newString[actualLength - 1U] =
 0; // to avoid buffer over-run accidents by users later
 return newString;
}
inline static void decodePrefixedString(bool isPrefixed, char const* prefixed,
 unsigned* length, char const** value) {
 if (!isPrefixed) {
 *length = static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(prefixed));
 *value = prefixed;
 } else {
 *length = *reinterpret_cast<unsigned const*>(prefixed);
 *value = prefixed + sizeof(unsigned);
 }
}
/** Free the string duplicated by
 * duplicateStringValue()/duplicateAndPrefixStringValue().
 */
#if JSONCPP_USING_SECURE_MEMORY
static inline void releasePrefixedStringValue(char* value) {
 unsigned length = 0;
 char const* valueDecoded;
 decodePrefixedString(true, value, &length, &valueDecoded);
 size_t const size = sizeof(unsigned) + length + 1U;
 memset(value, 0, size);
 free(value);
}
static inline void releaseStringValue(char* value, unsigned length) {
 // length==0 => we allocated the strings memory
 size_t size = (length == 0) ? strlen(value) : length;
 memset(value, 0, size);
 free(value);
}
#else // !JSONCPP_USING_SECURE_MEMORY
static inline void releasePrefixedStringValue(char* value) { free(value); }
static inline void releaseStringValue(char* value, unsigned) { free(value); }
#endif // JSONCPP_USING_SECURE_MEMORY

} // namespace Json

// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ValueInternals...
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)

#include "json_valueiterator.inl"
#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)

namespace Json {

#if JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
Exception::Exception(String msg) : msg_(std::move(msg)) {}
Exception::~Exception() noexcept = default;
char const* Exception::what() const noexcept { return msg_.c_str(); }
RuntimeError::RuntimeError(String const& msg) : Exception(msg) {}
LogicError::LogicError(String const& msg) : Exception(msg) {}
JSONCPP_NORETURN void throwRuntimeError(String const& msg) {
 throw RuntimeError(msg);
}
JSONCPP_NORETURN void throwLogicError(String const& msg) {
 throw LogicError(msg);
}
#else // !JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
JSONCPP_NORETURN void throwRuntimeError(String const& msg) {
 std::cerr << msg << std::endl;
 abort();
}
JSONCPP_NORETURN void throwLogicError(String const& msg) {
 std::cerr << msg << std::endl;
 abort();
}
#endif

// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// class Value::CZString
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Notes: policy_ indicates if the string was allocated when
// a string is stored.

Value::CZString::CZString(ArrayIndex index) : cstr_(nullptr), index_(index) {}

Value::CZString::CZString(char const* str, unsigned length,
 DuplicationPolicy allocate)
 : cstr_(str) {
 // allocate != duplicate
 storage_.policy_ = allocate & 0x3;
 storage_.length_ = length & 0x3FFFFFFF;
}

Value::CZString::CZString(const CZString& other) {
 cstr_ = (other.storage_.policy_ != noDuplication && other.cstr_ != nullptr
 ? duplicateStringValue(other.cstr_, other.storage_.length_)
 : other.cstr_);
 storage_.policy_ =
 static_cast<unsigned>(
 other.cstr_
 ? (static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_) ==
 noDuplication
 ? noDuplication
 : duplicate)
 : static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_)) &
 3U;
 storage_.length_ = other.storage_.length_;
}

Value::CZString::CZString(CZString&& other) noexcept
 : cstr_(other.cstr_), index_(other.index_) {
 other.cstr_ = nullptr;
}

Value::CZString::~CZString() {
 if (cstr_ && storage_.policy_ == duplicate) {
 releaseStringValue(const_cast<char*>(cstr_),
 storage_.length_ + 1U); // +1 for null terminating
 // character for sake of
 // completeness but not actually
 // necessary
 }
}

void Value::CZString::swap(CZString& other) {
 std::swap(cstr_, other.cstr_);
 std::swap(index_, other.index_);
}

Value::CZString& Value::CZString::operator=(const CZString& other) {
 cstr_ = other.cstr_;
 index_ = other.index_;
 return *this;
}

Value::CZString& Value::CZString::operator=(CZString&& other) noexcept {
 cstr_ = other.cstr_;
 index_ = other.index_;
 other.cstr_ = nullptr;
 return *this;
}

bool Value::CZString::operator<(const CZString& other) const {
 if (!cstr_)
 return index_ < other.index_;
 // return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) < 0;
 // Assume both are strings.
 unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
 unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
 unsigned min_len = std::min<unsigned>(this_len, other_len);
 JSON_ASSERT(this->cstr_ && other.cstr_);
 int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, min_len);
 if (comp < 0)
 return true;
 if (comp > 0)
 return false;
 return (this_len < other_len);
}

bool Value::CZString::operator==(const CZString& other) const {
 if (!cstr_)
 return index_ == other.index_;
 // return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) == 0;
 // Assume both are strings.
 unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
 unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
 if (this_len != other_len)
 return false;
 JSON_ASSERT(this->cstr_ && other.cstr_);
 int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, this_len);
 return comp == 0;
}

ArrayIndex Value::CZString::index() const { return index_; }

// const char* Value::CZString::c_str() const { return cstr_; }
const char* Value::CZString::data() const { return cstr_; }
unsigned Value::CZString::length() const { return storage_.length_; }
bool Value::CZString::isStaticString() const {
 return storage_.policy_ == noDuplication;
}

// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// class Value::Value
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/*! \internal Default constructor initialization must be equivalent to:
 * memset( this, 0, sizeof(Value) )
 * This optimization is used in ValueInternalMap fast allocator.
 */
Value::Value(ValueType type) {
 static char const emptyString[] = "";
 initBasic(type);
 switch (type) {
 case nullValue:
 break;
 case intValue:
 case uintValue:
 value_.int_ = 0;
 break;
 case realValue:
 value_.real_ = 0.0;
 break;
 case stringValue:
 // allocated_ == false, so this is safe.
 value_.string_ = const_cast<char*>(static_cast<char const*>(emptyString));
 break;
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 value_.map_ = new ObjectValues();
 break;
 case booleanValue:
 value_.bool_ = false;
 break;
 default:
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 }
}

Value::Value(Int value) {
 initBasic(intValue);
 value_.int_ = value;
}

Value::Value(UInt value) {
 initBasic(uintValue);
 value_.uint_ = value;
}
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
Value::Value(Int64 value) {
 initBasic(intValue);
 value_.int_ = value;
}
Value::Value(UInt64 value) {
 initBasic(uintValue);
 value_.uint_ = value;
}
#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)

Value::Value(double value) {
 initBasic(realValue);
 value_.real_ = value;
}

Value::Value(const char* value) {
 initBasic(stringValue, true);
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(value != nullptr,
 "Null Value Passed to Value Constructor");
 value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(
 value, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(value)));
}

Value::Value(const char* begin, const char* end) {
 initBasic(stringValue, true);
 value_.string_ =
 duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(begin, static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin));
}

Value::Value(const String& value) {
 initBasic(stringValue, true);
 value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(
 value.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(value.length()));
}

Value::Value(const StaticString& value) {
 initBasic(stringValue);
 value_.string_ = const_cast<char*>(value.c_str());
}

Value::Value(bool value) {
 initBasic(booleanValue);
 value_.bool_ = value;
}

Value::Value(const Value& other) {
 dupPayload(other);
 dupMeta(other);
}

Value::Value(Value&& other) noexcept {
 initBasic(nullValue);
 swap(other);
}

Value::~Value() {
 releasePayload();
 value_.uint_ = 0;
}

Value& Value::operator=(const Value& other) {
 Value(other).swap(*this);
 return *this;
}

Value& Value::operator=(Value&& other) noexcept {
 other.swap(*this);
 return *this;
}

void Value::swapPayload(Value& other) {
 std::swap(bits_, other.bits_);
 std::swap(value_, other.value_);
}

void Value::copyPayload(const Value& other) {
 releasePayload();
 dupPayload(other);
}

void Value::swap(Value& other) {
 swapPayload(other);
 std::swap(comments_, other.comments_);
 std::swap(start_, other.start_);
 std::swap(limit_, other.limit_);
}

void Value::copy(const Value& other) {
 copyPayload(other);
 dupMeta(other);
}

ValueType Value::type() const {
 return static_cast<ValueType>(bits_.value_type_);
}

int Value::compare(const Value& other) const {
 if (*this < other)
 return -1;
 if (*this > other)
 return 1;
 return 0;
}

bool Value::operator<(const Value& other) const {
 int typeDelta = type() - other.type();
 if (typeDelta)
 return typeDelta < 0;
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 return false;
 case intValue:
 return value_.int_ < other.value_.int_;
 case uintValue:
 return value_.uint_ < other.value_.uint_;
 case realValue:
 return value_.real_ < other.value_.real_;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ < other.value_.bool_;
 case stringValue: {
 if ((value_.string_ == nullptr) || (other.value_.string_ == nullptr)) {
 return other.value_.string_ != nullptr;
 }
 unsigned this_len;
 unsigned other_len;
 char const* this_str;
 char const* other_str;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &this_len,
 &this_str);
 decodePrefixedString(other.isAllocated(), other.value_.string_, &other_len,
 &other_str);
 unsigned min_len = std::min<unsigned>(this_len, other_len);
 JSON_ASSERT(this_str && other_str);
 int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, min_len);
 if (comp < 0)
 return true;
 if (comp > 0)
 return false;
 return (this_len < other_len);
 }
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue: {
 auto thisSize = value_.map_->size();
 auto otherSize = other.value_.map_->size();
 if (thisSize != otherSize)
 return thisSize < otherSize;
 return (*value_.map_) < (*other.value_.map_);
 }
 default:
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 }
 return false; // unreachable
}

bool Value::operator<=(const Value& other) const { return !(other < *this); }

bool Value::operator>=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this < other); }

bool Value::operator>(const Value& other) const { return other < *this; }

bool Value::operator==(const Value& other) const {
 if (type() != other.type())
 return false;
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 return true;
 case intValue:
 return value_.int_ == other.value_.int_;
 case uintValue:
 return value_.uint_ == other.value_.uint_;
 case realValue:
 return value_.real_ == other.value_.real_;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ == other.value_.bool_;
 case stringValue: {
 if ((value_.string_ == nullptr) || (other.value_.string_ == nullptr)) {
 return (value_.string_ == other.value_.string_);
 }
 unsigned this_len;
 unsigned other_len;
 char const* this_str;
 char const* other_str;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &this_len,
 &this_str);
 decodePrefixedString(other.isAllocated(), other.value_.string_, &other_len,
 &other_str);
 if (this_len != other_len)
 return false;
 JSON_ASSERT(this_str && other_str);
 int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, this_len);
 return comp == 0;
 }
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 return value_.map_->size() == other.value_.map_->size() &&
 (*value_.map_) == (*other.value_.map_);
 default:
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 }
 return false; // unreachable
}

bool Value::operator!=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this == other); }

const char* Value::asCString() const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == stringValue,
 "in Json::Value::asCString(): requires stringValue");
 if (value_.string_ == nullptr)
 return nullptr;
 unsigned this_len;
 char const* this_str;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &this_len,
 &this_str);
 return this_str;
}

#if JSONCPP_USING_SECURE_MEMORY
unsigned Value::getCStringLength() const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == stringValue,
 "in Json::Value::asCString(): requires stringValue");
 if (value_.string_ == 0)
 return 0;
 unsigned this_len;
 char const* this_str;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &this_len,
 &this_str);
 return this_len;
}
#endif

bool Value::getString(char const** begin, char const** end) const {
 if (type() != stringValue)
 return false;
 if (value_.string_ == nullptr)
 return false;
 unsigned length;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &length,
 begin);
 *end = *begin + length;
 return true;
}

String Value::asString() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 return "";
 case stringValue: {
 if (value_.string_ == nullptr)
 return "";
 unsigned this_len;
 char const* this_str;
 decodePrefixedString(this->isAllocated(), this->value_.string_, &this_len,
 &this_str);
 return String(this_str, this_len);
 }
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? "true" : "false";
 case intValue:
 return valueToString(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
 return valueToString(value_.uint_);
 case realValue:
 return valueToString(value_.real_);
 default:
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Type is not convertible to string");
 }
}

Value::Int Value::asInt() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestInt out of Int range");
 return Int(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestUInt out of Int range");
 return Int(value_.uint_);
 case realValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt),
 "double out of Int range");
 return Int(value_.real_);
 case nullValue:
 return 0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to Int.");
}

Value::UInt Value::asUInt() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestInt out of UInt range");
 return UInt(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestUInt out of UInt range");
 return UInt(value_.uint_);
 case realValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt),
 "double out of UInt range");
 return UInt(value_.real_);
 case nullValue:
 return 0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to UInt.");
}

#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)

Value::Int64 Value::asInt64() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 return Int64(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt64(), "LargestUInt out of Int64 range");
 return Int64(value_.uint_);
 case realValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt64, maxInt64),
 "double out of Int64 range");
 return Int64(value_.real_);
 case nullValue:
 return 0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to Int64.");
}

Value::UInt64 Value::asUInt64() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt64(), "LargestInt out of UInt64 range");
 return UInt64(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
 return UInt64(value_.uint_);
 case realValue:
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt64),
 "double out of UInt64 range");
 return UInt64(value_.real_);
 case nullValue:
 return 0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to UInt64.");
}
#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)

LargestInt Value::asLargestInt() const {
#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
 return asInt();
#else
 return asInt64();
#endif
}

LargestUInt Value::asLargestUInt() const {
#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
 return asUInt();
#else
 return asUInt64();
#endif
}

double Value::asDouble() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 return static_cast<double>(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 return static_cast<double>(value_.uint_);
#else // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 return integerToDouble(value_.uint_);
#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 case realValue:
 return value_.real_;
 case nullValue:
 return 0.0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1.0 : 0.0;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to double.");
}

float Value::asFloat() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 return static_cast<float>(value_.int_);
 case uintValue:
#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 return static_cast<float>(value_.uint_);
#else // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 // This can fail (silently?) if the value is bigger than MAX_FLOAT.
 return static_cast<float>(integerToDouble(value_.uint_));
#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
 case realValue:
 return static_cast<float>(value_.real_);
 case nullValue:
 return 0.0;
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_ ? 1.0F : 0.0F;
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to float.");
}

bool Value::asBool() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case booleanValue:
 return value_.bool_;
 case nullValue:
 return false;
 case intValue:
 return value_.int_ != 0;
 case uintValue:
 return value_.uint_ != 0;
 case realValue: {
 // According to JavaScript language zero or NaN is regarded as false
 const auto value_classification = std::fpclassify(value_.real_);
 return value_classification != FP_ZERO && value_classification != FP_NAN;
 }
 default:
 break;
 }
 JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to bool.");
}

bool Value::isConvertibleTo(ValueType other) const {
 switch (other) {
 case nullValue:
 return (isNumeric() && asDouble() == 0.0) ||
 (type() == booleanValue && !value_.bool_) ||
 (type() == stringValue && asString().empty()) ||
 (type() == arrayValue && value_.map_->empty()) ||
 (type() == objectValue && value_.map_->empty()) ||
 type() == nullValue;
 case intValue:
 return isInt() ||
 (type() == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt)) ||
 type() == booleanValue || type() == nullValue;
 case uintValue:
 return isUInt() ||
 (type() == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt)) ||
 type() == booleanValue || type() == nullValue;
 case realValue:
 return isNumeric() || type() == booleanValue || type() == nullValue;
 case booleanValue:
 return isNumeric() || type() == booleanValue || type() == nullValue;
 case stringValue:
 return isNumeric() || type() == booleanValue || type() == stringValue ||
 type() == nullValue;
 case arrayValue:
 return type() == arrayValue || type() == nullValue;
 case objectValue:
 return type() == objectValue || type() == nullValue;
 }
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 return false;
}

/// Number of values in array or object
ArrayIndex Value::size() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 case intValue:
 case uintValue:
 case realValue:
 case booleanValue:
 case stringValue:
 return 0;
 case arrayValue: // size of the array is highest index + 1
 if (!value_.map_->empty()) {
 ObjectValues::const_iterator itLast = value_.map_->end();
 --itLast;
 return (*itLast).first.index() + 1;
 }
 return 0;
 case objectValue:
 return ArrayIndex(value_.map_->size());
 }
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 return 0; // unreachable;
}

bool Value::empty() const {
 if (isNull() || isArray() || isObject())
 return size() == 0U;
 return false;
}

Value::operator bool() const { return !isNull(); }

void Value::clear() {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue ||
 type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::clear(): requires complex value");
 start_ = 0;
 limit_ = 0;
 switch (type()) {
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 value_.map_->clear();
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
}

void Value::resize(ArrayIndex newSize) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue,
 "in Json::Value::resize(): requires arrayValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 *this = Value(arrayValue);
 ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
 if (newSize == 0)
 clear();
 else if (newSize > oldSize)
 for (ArrayIndex i = oldSize; i < newSize; ++i)
 (*this)[i];
 else {
 for (ArrayIndex index = newSize; index < oldSize; ++index) {
 value_.map_->erase(index);
 }
 JSON_ASSERT(size() == newSize);
 }
}

Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue,
 "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex): requires arrayValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 *this = Value(arrayValue);
 CZString key(index);
 auto it = value_.map_->lower_bound(key);
 if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == key)
 return (*it).second;

 ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(key, nullSingleton());
 it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
 return (*it).second;
}

Value& Value::operator[](int index) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 index >= 0,
 "in Json::Value::operator[](int index): index cannot be negative");
 return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
}

const Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue,
 "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex)const: requires arrayValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 return nullSingleton();
 CZString key(index);
 ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(key);
 if (it == value_.map_->end())
 return nullSingleton();
 return (*it).second;
}

const Value& Value::operator[](int index) const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 index >= 0,
 "in Json::Value::operator[](int index) const: index cannot be negative");
 return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
}

void Value::initBasic(ValueType type, bool allocated) {
 setType(type);
 setIsAllocated(allocated);
 comments_ = Comments{};
 start_ = 0;
 limit_ = 0;
}

void Value::dupPayload(const Value& other) {
 setType(other.type());
 setIsAllocated(false);
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 case intValue:
 case uintValue:
 case realValue:
 case booleanValue:
 value_ = other.value_;
 break;
 case stringValue:
 if (other.value_.string_ && other.isAllocated()) {
 unsigned len;
 char const* str;
 decodePrefixedString(other.isAllocated(), other.value_.string_, &len,
 &str);
 value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(str, len);
 setIsAllocated(true);
 } else {
 value_.string_ = other.value_.string_;
 }
 break;
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 value_.map_ = new ObjectValues(*other.value_.map_);
 break;
 default:
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 }
}

void Value::releasePayload() {
 switch (type()) {
 case nullValue:
 case intValue:
 case uintValue:
 case realValue:
 case booleanValue:
 break;
 case stringValue:
 if (isAllocated())
 releasePrefixedStringValue(value_.string_);
 break;
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 delete value_.map_;
 break;
 default:
 JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
 }
}

void Value::dupMeta(const Value& other) {
 comments_ = other.comments_;
 start_ = other.start_;
 limit_ = other.limit_;
}

// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
// @pre Type of '*this' is object or null.
// @param key is null-terminated.
Value& Value::resolveReference(const char* key) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::resolveReference(): requires objectValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 *this = Value(objectValue);
 CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(key)),
 CZString::noDuplication); // NOTE!
 auto it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
 if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
 return (*it).second;

 ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullSingleton());
 it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
 Value& value = (*it).second;
 return value;
}

// @param key is not null-terminated.
Value& Value::resolveReference(char const* key, char const* end) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::resolveReference(key, end): requires objectValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 *this = Value(objectValue);
 CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(end - key),
 CZString::duplicateOnCopy);
 auto it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
 if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
 return (*it).second;

 ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullSingleton());
 it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
 Value& value = (*it).second;
 return value;
}

Value Value::get(ArrayIndex index, const Value& defaultValue) const {
 const Value* value = &((*this)[index]);
 return value == &nullSingleton() ? defaultValue : *value;
}

bool Value::isValidIndex(ArrayIndex index) const { return index < size(); }

Value const* Value::find(char const* begin, char const* end) const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::find(begin, end): requires "
 "objectValue or nullValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 return nullptr;
 CZString actualKey(begin, static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin),
 CZString::noDuplication);
 ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
 if (it == value_.map_->end())
 return nullptr;
 return &(*it).second;
}
Value* Value::demand(char const* begin, char const* end) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::demand(begin, end): requires "
 "objectValue or nullValue");
 return &resolveReference(begin, end);
}
const Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) const {
 Value const* found = find(key, key + strlen(key));
 if (!found)
 return nullSingleton();
 return *found;
}
Value const& Value::operator[](const String& key) const {
 Value const* found = find(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
 if (!found)
 return nullSingleton();
 return *found;
}

Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) {
 return resolveReference(key, key + strlen(key));
}

Value& Value::operator[](const String& key) {
 return resolveReference(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
}

Value& Value::operator[](const StaticString& key) {
 return resolveReference(key.c_str());
}

Value& Value::append(const Value& value) { return append(Value(value)); }

Value& Value::append(Value&& value) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue,
 "in Json::Value::append: requires arrayValue");
 if (type() == nullValue) {
 *this = Value(arrayValue);
 }
 return this->value_.map_->emplace(size(), std::move(value)).first->second;
}

bool Value::insert(ArrayIndex index, const Value& newValue) {
 return insert(index, Value(newValue));
}

bool Value::insert(ArrayIndex index, Value&& newValue) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == arrayValue,
 "in Json::Value::insert: requires arrayValue");
 ArrayIndex length = size();
 if (index > length) {
 return false;
 }
 for (ArrayIndex i = length; i > index; i--) {
 (*this)[i] = std::move((*this)[i - 1]);
 }
 (*this)[index] = std::move(newValue);
 return true;
}

Value Value::get(char const* begin, char const* end,
 Value const& defaultValue) const {
 Value const* found = find(begin, end);
 return !found ? defaultValue : *found;
}
Value Value::get(char const* key, Value const& defaultValue) const {
 return get(key, key + strlen(key), defaultValue);
}
Value Value::get(String const& key, Value const& defaultValue) const {
 return get(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), defaultValue);
}

bool Value::removeMember(const char* begin, const char* end, Value* removed) {
 if (type() != objectValue) {
 return false;
 }
 CZString actualKey(begin, static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin),
 CZString::noDuplication);
 auto it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
 if (it == value_.map_->end())
 return false;
 if (removed)
 *removed = std::move(it->second);
 value_.map_->erase(it);
 return true;
}
bool Value::removeMember(const char* key, Value* removed) {
 return removeMember(key, key + strlen(key), removed);
}
bool Value::removeMember(String const& key, Value* removed) {
 return removeMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), removed);
}
void Value::removeMember(const char* key) {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::removeMember(): requires objectValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 return;

 CZString actualKey(key, unsigned(strlen(key)), CZString::noDuplication);
 value_.map_->erase(actualKey);
}
void Value::removeMember(const String& key) { removeMember(key.c_str()); }

bool Value::removeIndex(ArrayIndex index, Value* removed) {
 if (type() != arrayValue) {
 return false;
 }
 CZString key(index);
 auto it = value_.map_->find(key);
 if (it == value_.map_->end()) {
 return false;
 }
 if (removed)
 *removed = it->second;
 ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
 // shift left all items left, into the place of the "removed"
 for (ArrayIndex i = index; i < (oldSize - 1); ++i) {
 CZString keey(i);
 (*value_.map_)[keey] = (*this)[i + 1];
 }
 // erase the last one ("leftover")
 CZString keyLast(oldSize - 1);
 auto itLast = value_.map_->find(keyLast);
 value_.map_->erase(itLast);
 return true;
}

bool Value::isMember(char const* begin, char const* end) const {
 Value const* value = find(begin, end);
 return nullptr != value;
}
bool Value::isMember(char const* key) const {
 return isMember(key, key + strlen(key));
}
bool Value::isMember(String const& key) const {
 return isMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
}

Value::Members Value::getMemberNames() const {
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 type() == nullValue || type() == objectValue,
 "in Json::Value::getMemberNames(), value must be objectValue");
 if (type() == nullValue)
 return Value::Members();
 Members members;
 members.reserve(value_.map_->size());
 ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->begin();
 ObjectValues::const_iterator itEnd = value_.map_->end();
 for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
 members.push_back(String((*it).first.data(), (*it).first.length()));
 }
 return members;
}

static bool IsIntegral(double d) {
 double integral_part;
 return modf(d, &integral_part) == 0.0;
}

bool Value::isNull() const { return type() == nullValue; }

bool Value::isBool() const { return type() == booleanValue; }

bool Value::isInt() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 return value_.int_ >= minInt && value_.int_ <= maxInt;
#else
 return true;
#endif
 case uintValue:
 return value_.uint_ <= UInt(maxInt);
 case realValue:
 return value_.real_ >= minInt && value_.real_ <= maxInt &&
 IsIntegral(value_.real_);
 default:
 break;
 }
 return false;
}

bool Value::isUInt() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 return value_.int_ >= 0 && LargestUInt(value_.int_) <= LargestUInt(maxUInt);
#else
 return value_.int_ >= 0;
#endif
 case uintValue:
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 return value_.uint_ <= maxUInt;
#else
 return true;
#endif
 case realValue:
 return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ <= maxUInt &&
 IsIntegral(value_.real_);
 default:
 break;
 }
 return false;
}

bool Value::isInt64() const {
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 return true;
 case uintValue:
 return value_.uint_ <= UInt64(maxInt64);
 case realValue:
 // Note that maxInt64 (= 2^63 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
 // double, so double(maxInt64) will be rounded up to 2^63. Therefore we
 // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
 return value_.real_ >= double(minInt64) &&
 value_.real_ < double(maxInt64) && IsIntegral(value_.real_);
 default:
 break;
 }
#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
 return false;
}

bool Value::isUInt64() const {
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 return value_.int_ >= 0;
 case uintValue:
 return true;
 case realValue:
 // Note that maxUInt64 (= 2^64 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
 // double, so double(maxUInt64) will be rounded up to 2^64. Therefore we
 // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
 return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ < maxUInt64AsDouble &&
 IsIntegral(value_.real_);
 default:
 break;
 }
#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
 return false;
}

bool Value::isIntegral() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case intValue:
 case uintValue:
 return true;
 case realValue:
#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
 // Note that maxUInt64 (= 2^64 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
 // double, so double(maxUInt64) will be rounded up to 2^64. Therefore we
 // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
 return value_.real_ >= double(minInt64) &&
 value_.real_ < maxUInt64AsDouble && IsIntegral(value_.real_);
#else
 return value_.real_ >= minInt && value_.real_ <= maxUInt &&
 IsIntegral(value_.real_);
#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
 default:
 break;
 }
 return false;
}

bool Value::isDouble() const {
 return type() == intValue || type() == uintValue || type() == realValue;
}

bool Value::isNumeric() const { return isDouble(); }

bool Value::isString() const { return type() == stringValue; }

bool Value::isArray() const { return type() == arrayValue; }

bool Value::isObject() const { return type() == objectValue; }

Value::Comments::Comments(const Comments& that)
 : ptr_{cloneUnique(that.ptr_)} {}

Value::Comments::Comments(Comments&& that) noexcept
 : ptr_{std::move(that.ptr_)} {}

Value::Comments& Value::Comments::operator=(const Comments& that) {
 ptr_ = cloneUnique(that.ptr_);
 return *this;
}

Value::Comments& Value::Comments::operator=(Comments&& that) noexcept {
 ptr_ = std::move(that.ptr_);
 return *this;
}

bool Value::Comments::has(CommentPlacement slot) const {
 return ptr_ && !(*ptr_)[slot].empty();
}

String Value::Comments::get(CommentPlacement slot) const {
 if (!ptr_)
 return {};
 return (*ptr_)[slot];
}

void Value::Comments::set(CommentPlacement slot, String comment) {
 if (slot >= CommentPlacement::numberOfCommentPlacement)
 return;
 if (!ptr_)
 ptr_ = std::unique_ptr<Array>(new Array());
 (*ptr_)[slot] = std::move(comment);
}

void Value::setComment(String comment, CommentPlacement placement) {
 if (!comment.empty() && (comment.back() == '\n')) {
 // Always discard trailing newline, to aid indentation.
 comment.pop_back();
 }
 JSON_ASSERT(!comment.empty());
 JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
 comment[0] == '0円' || comment[0] == '/',
 "in Json::Value::setComment(): Comments must start with /");
 comments_.set(placement, std::move(comment));
}

bool Value::hasComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
 return comments_.has(placement);
}

String Value::getComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
 return comments_.get(placement);
}

void Value::setOffsetStart(ptrdiff_t start) { start_ = start; }

void Value::setOffsetLimit(ptrdiff_t limit) { limit_ = limit; }

ptrdiff_t Value::getOffsetStart() const { return start_; }

ptrdiff_t Value::getOffsetLimit() const { return limit_; }

String Value::toStyledString() const {
 StreamWriterBuilder builder;

 String out = this->hasComment(commentBefore) ? "\n" : "";
 out += Json::writeString(builder, *this);
 out += '\n';

 return out;
}

Value::const_iterator Value::begin() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 if (value_.map_)
 return const_iterator(value_.map_->begin());
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
 return {};
}

Value::const_iterator Value::end() const {
 switch (type()) {
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 if (value_.map_)
 return const_iterator(value_.map_->end());
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
 return {};
}

Value::iterator Value::begin() {
 switch (type()) {
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 if (value_.map_)
 return iterator(value_.map_->begin());
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
 return iterator();
}

Value::iterator Value::end() {
 switch (type()) {
 case arrayValue:
 case objectValue:
 if (value_.map_)
 return iterator(value_.map_->end());
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
 return iterator();
}

// class PathArgument
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

PathArgument::PathArgument() = default;

PathArgument::PathArgument(ArrayIndex index)
 : index_(index), kind_(kindIndex) {}

PathArgument::PathArgument(const char* key) : key_(key), kind_(kindKey) {}

PathArgument::PathArgument(String key) : key_(std::move(key)), kind_(kindKey) {}

// class Path
// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Path::Path(const String& path, const PathArgument& a1, const PathArgument& a2,
 const PathArgument& a3, const PathArgument& a4,
 const PathArgument& a5) {
 InArgs in;
 in.reserve(5);
 in.push_back(&a1);
 in.push_back(&a2);
 in.push_back(&a3);
 in.push_back(&a4);
 in.push_back(&a5);
 makePath(path, in);
}

void Path::makePath(const String& path, const InArgs& in) {
 const char* current = path.c_str();
 const char* end = current + path.length();
 auto itInArg = in.begin();
 while (current != end) {
 if (*current == '[') {
 ++current;
 if (*current == '%')
 addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindIndex);
 else {
 ArrayIndex index = 0;
 for (; current != end && *current >= '0' && *current <= '9'; ++current)
 index = index * 10 + ArrayIndex(*current - '0');
 args_.push_back(index);
 }
 if (current == end || *++current != ']')
 invalidPath(path, int(current - path.c_str()));
 } else if (*current == '%') {
 addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindKey);
 ++current;
 } else if (*current == '.' || *current == ']') {
 ++current;
 } else {
 const char* beginName = current;
 while (current != end && !strchr("[.", *current))
 ++current;
 args_.push_back(String(beginName, current));
 }
 }
}

void Path::addPathInArg(const String& /*path*/, const InArgs& in,
 InArgs::const_iterator& itInArg,
 PathArgument::Kind kind) {
 if (itInArg == in.end()) {
 // Error: missing argument %d
 } else if ((*itInArg)->kind_ != kind) {
 // Error: bad argument type
 } else {
 args_.push_back(**itInArg++);
 }
}

void Path::invalidPath(const String& /*path*/, int /*location*/) {
 // Error: invalid path.
}

const Value& Path::resolve(const Value& root) const {
 const Value* node = &root;
 for (const auto& arg : args_) {
 if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
 if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_)) {
 // Error: unable to resolve path (array value expected at position... )
 return Value::nullSingleton();
 }
 node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
 } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
 if (!node->isObject()) {
 // Error: unable to resolve path (object value expected at position...)
 return Value::nullSingleton();
 }
 node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
 if (node == &Value::nullSingleton()) {
 // Error: unable to resolve path (object has no member named '' at
 // position...)
 return Value::nullSingleton();
 }
 }
 }
 return *node;
}

Value Path::resolve(const Value& root, const Value& defaultValue) const {
 const Value* node = &root;
 for (const auto& arg : args_) {
 if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
 if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_))
 return defaultValue;
 node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
 } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
 if (!node->isObject())
 return defaultValue;
 node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
 if (node == &Value::nullSingleton())
 return defaultValue;
 }
 }
 return *node;
}

Value& Path::make(Value& root) const {
 Value* node = &root;
 for (const auto& arg : args_) {
 if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
 if (!node->isArray()) {
 // Error: node is not an array at position ...
 }
 node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
 } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
 if (!node->isObject()) {
 // Error: node is not an object at position...
 }
 node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
 }
 }
 return *node;
}

} // namespace Json