Reading a shapefile as an array using Python?

Question

I am trying to read a shapefile as an array with Python but I keep getting the same error:

Warning 1: Failed to find field ID on layer shapefile_maido_tipe, skipping.
ERROR 4: `temp.tif' not recognized as a supported file format.
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 File "C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 714, in runfile
 execfile(filename, namespace)
 File "C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 74, in execfile
 exec(compile(scripttext, filename, 'exec'), glob, loc)
 File "C:/Users/python/Desktop/programme_python_tipe/test.py", line 38, in <module>
 print layer('shapefile_maido_tipe.shx')
 File "C:/Users/python/Desktop/programme_python_tipe/test.py", line 36, in layer
 return gdal.Open('temp.tif').ReadAsArray()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'ReadAsArray'

Here is the code that I got from Convert polygons in shapefile to a NumPy array? :

import gdal
from osgeo import osr
from osgeo import ogr
def layer(shapefile):
 # 1) opening the shapefile
 source_ds = ogr.Open(shapefile)
 source_layer = source_ds.GetLayer()
 # 2) Creating the destination raster data source
 pixelWidth = pixelHeight = 1 # depending how fine you want your raster
 x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max = source_layer.GetExtent()
 cols = int((x_max - x_min) / pixelHeight)
 rows = int((y_max - y_min) / pixelWidth)
 target_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff').Create('temp.tif', cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Byte) 
 target_ds.SetGeoTransform((x_min, pixelWidth, 0, y_min, 0, pixelHeight))
 band = target_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
 NoData_value = 255
 band.SetNoDataValue(NoData_value)
 band.FlushCache()
 # 4) Instead of setting a general burn_value, use optionsand set it to the attribute that contains the relevant unique value ["ATTRIBUTE=ID"]
 gdal.RasterizeLayer(target_ds, [1], source_layer, options = ['ATTRIBUTE=ID'])
 # 5) Adding a spatial reference
 target_dsSRS = osr.SpatialReference()
 target_dsSRS.ImportFromEPSG(4326)
 target_ds.SetProjection(target_dsSRS.ExportToWkt())
 return gdal.Open('temp.tif').ReadAsArray()
print layer('shapefile_maido_tipe.shx')
# maido is the name of a mountain
# tipe is the name of a french school project

Can you tell what am I doing wrong please ?

In this link you will find the shapefile I use: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B7P95aWmH4DUYUZfcTVvbzF4bG8?usp=sharing

PS: The Reunion Island National Park is the owner and also the creator of the shapefile. I have to mention them every time I communicate this file.

• mr.adam: is the shapefile in the same directory as the script? Perhaps you should try using the full path to the shapefile gdal.Open('full/path/to/shapefile_maido_tipe.tif')
• Loïc Poncin: Yes it is, I added 'C:\Users\python\Desktop\programme_python_tipe\shapefile_maido_tipe.shx' and 'C:\Users\python\Desktop\programme_python_tipe\shapefile_maido_tipe.tif' as you asked but I get the same error.
• artwork21: Your question title and code sample are a bit confusing, you are opening and reading a .tif raster image file not a shapefile. Please update your question to clarify this.
• Loïc Poncin: I want to read a shapefile as an array and I am using a code from this link:gis.stackexchange.com/questions/83251/…. I edited the title and the code to show the steps. I thought it was creating a tif file with a shapefile so that I could get an array with ReadAsArray() but according to what you say it doesn't seem to do that. So I don't really know what to do.

Answer 1

Your script was generally correct, but you didn't change the name of the attribute field you wanted to rasterize.

In the example you posted, you set ['ATTRIBUTE=ID'] as field, but it doesn't exists in your shapefile. You only have "Habitats" and "surface" as fields, so you need properly edit the code.

Therefore, you needed to edit the folders for both shapefile and rasterized layers, and the crs.

I slightly edited the code in this way:

import gdal
from osgeo import osr
from osgeo import ogr
def layer(shapefile):
 # 1) opening the shapefile
 source_ds = ogr.Open(shapefile)
 source_layer = source_ds.GetLayer()
 # 2) Creating the destination raster data source
 pixelWidth = pixelHeight = 1 # depending how fine you want your raster
 x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max = source_layer.GetExtent()
 cols = int((x_max - x_min) / pixelHeight)
 rows = int((y_max - y_min) / pixelWidth)
 target_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff').Create(raster_path, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Byte) 
 target_ds.SetGeoTransform((x_min, pixelWidth, 0, y_min, 0, pixelHeight))
 band = target_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
 NoData_value = 255
 band.SetNoDataValue(NoData_value)
 band.FlushCache()
 # 4) Instead of setting a general burn_value, use optionsand set it to the attribute that contains the relevant unique value ["ATTRIBUTE=ID"]
 gdal.RasterizeLayer(target_ds, [1], source_layer, options = ['ATTRIBUTE=surface'])
 # 5) Adding a spatial reference
 target_dsSRS = osr.SpatialReference()
 target_dsSRS.ImportFromEPSG(2975)
 target_ds.SetProjection(target_dsSRS.ExportToWkt())
 return gdal.Open(raster_path).ReadAsArray()
raster_path = 'C:/Users/path_to_the_rasterized_output/temp.tif'
shapefile = 'C:/Users/path_to_the_shapefile/shapefile_maido_tipe.shp'
print layer(shapefile)

and I think it is working by now because I obtain this rasterized layer (which overlaps the shapefile):

enter image description here

and this return from the print layer(shapefile) line (you see only '255' value because you set it as nodata value):

[[255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]
 [255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]
 [255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]
 ..., 
 [255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]
 [255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]
 [255 255 255 ..., 255 255 255]]

Answer 2

I found a solution using QGIS: Raster> Convert> Rasterize.

Then I get a Geotiff file that I can read with gdal:

def Tif2Array(geo_tiff_file):
 return gdal.Open(geo_tiff_file).ReadAsArray()
sf = Tif2Array('shapefile_maido_tipe.tif')
print matshow(sf)

enter image description here