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Wiktionary The Free Dictionary

grunt

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Grunt , grünt , and gruńt

English

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Etymology

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    From Middle English grunten , from Old English grunnettan ("to grunt"), from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan , from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną ("to grunt"), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *grunnōną ("to grunt"), from Proto-Indo-European *ghrun- ("to shout").

    Cognate with German grunzen ("to grunt"), Danish grynte ("to grunt"). The noun senses are all instances of zero derivation from the verb.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    grunt (plural grunts )

    1. A short snorting sound, often to show disapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.
    2. The snorting cry of a pig.
    3. Any fish of the perciform family Haemulidae .
    4. A person who does ordinary and boring work.
      Synonyms: gofer , lackey , peon
    5. (US , military slang ) An infantry soldier.
      Coordinate term: pogue
      • 1979, Gustav Hasford, The Short-Timers, New York: Bantam Books, published 1980, →ISBN, page 39:
        The poges stare at the grunts as though the grunts were Hell's Angels at the ballet.
      • 1984, Charles Robert Anderson, The Grunts, Berkley Books, →ISBN, page xii:
        The events described are those encountered by only 160 men, though the adversity recounted is representative of that experienced by all grunts in Vietnam.
      • 1986, James Cameron, Aliens, spoken by Burke (Paul Reiser):
        He can't make that kind of decision. He's just a grunt!
    6. (slang ) The amount of power of which a vehicle is capable.
      • 1992, Autocar & Motor, volume 192, page 61:
        The engine might not possess quite as much grunt as the later 24v six, but it delivers invigorating performance [...]
      • 2006 February, Torque, page 56:
        With this much grunt, it is surprising that the engine is relatively quiet.
      • 2021 February, The Road Ahead, Brisbane, page 55, column 2:
        The lack of bottom-end grunt presents as a particular problem in hilly terrain where the five-speed manual gearbox really earns its keep.
    7. (Canada, US ) A dessert of steamed berries and dough, usually blueberries; blueberry grunt.
      Synonyms: fungy , fungee

    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    short, snorting sound
    cry of a pig
    fish of the family Haemulidae
    a person who does ordinary and boring work
    an infantry soldier
    (slang) the amount of power of which a vehicle is capable

    Verb

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    grunt (third-person singular simple present grunts , present participle grunting , simple past and past participle grunted )

    1. (intransitive , of a person) To make a grunt or grunts.
    2. (intransitive , of a pig) To make a grunt or grunts.
    3. (intransitive , UK , slang ) To break wind; to fart.
      Who just grunted?

    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    of a person: to make a grunt or grunts
    of a pig: to make a grunt or grunts

    See also

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    The frequentative form gruntle .

    References

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    1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), "grunt", in Online Etymology Dictionary .

    Czech

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Czech grunt , from Middle High German grunt , from Old High German grunt (modern German Grund ).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    grunt m inan

    1. (dialectal ) base, core
      Synonym: základ
      vzít z gruntu ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (archaic ) farm
      Synonym: statek

    Declension

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    Declension of grunt (hard masculine inanimate)
    singular plural
    nominative grunt grunty
    genitive gruntu gruntů
    dative gruntu gruntům
    accusative grunt grunty
    vocative grunte grunty
    locative gruntě , gruntu gruntech
    instrumental gruntem grunty

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Middle English

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    Verb

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    grunt

    1. alternative form of grunten

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Adjective

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    grunt

    1. neuter singular of grunn

    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Adjective

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    grunt

    1. neuter singular of grunn

    Old Dutch

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *grundu , from Proto-Germanic *grunduz .

    Noun

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    grunt m

    1. ground

    Inflection

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    Declension of grunt (masculine a-stem noun)
    case singular plural
    nominative grunt grunda
    accusative grunt grunda
    genitive grundes grundo
    dative grunde grundon

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    • "grunt", in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

    Old High German

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *grundu , from Proto-Germanic *grunduz .

    Noun

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    grunt m

    1. ground
    2. root
    3. hollow

    Declension

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    Declension of grunt (masculine a-stem)
    case singular plural
    nominative grunt gruntā , grunta
    accusative grunt gruntā , grunta
    genitive gruntes grunto
    dative grunte gruntum
    instrumental gruntu —

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    Old Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Old High German grunt
    Middle High German grunt bor.
    Old Polish grunt

      Borrowed from Middle High German grunt , from Old High German grunt . First attested in 1402.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA (key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡrunt/
      • IPA (key): (15th CE) /ɡrunt/

      Noun

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      grunt m animacy unattested

      1. ground; field; land
        • 1874 [1402], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące‎[2] , volume XVII, page 81:
          Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg. grunt dictam... resignauit
          [Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg. grunt dictam... resignauit]
      2. (attested in Silesia ) core (basis of a given thing, foundation)
        • 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎[3] , Silesia, page 56v:
          Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum, grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium
          [Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum, grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium]

      Derived terms

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      adjectives
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      adverbs

      Descendants

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      References

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      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl

      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Old High German grunt
      Middle High German grunt bor.
      Old Polish grunt
      Polish grunt

        Inherited from Old Polish grunt .

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        grunt m inan (diminutive gruncik , related adjective gruntowy )

        1. (countable ) ground (arable soil or earth)
          Synonyms: gleba , rola , ziemia
        2. (countable ) ground (surface of the earth in a specific place)
          Synonym: ziemia
        3. (chiefly in the plural , officialese ) ground (area of land that is owned by someone)
          Synonym: teren
        4. (uncountable , masonry ) mortar; primer (substance that binds strongly to the substrate, used as a base for painting, plastering and polishing)
          Synonym: zaprawa
        5. (uncountable , literary ) base; primer (previously prepared basis for certain actions; essential element of something) [with dla (+ genitive ) or pod (+ accusative ) ‘for what’]
          Synonym: podstawa
        6. (uncountable , literary ) foundation; core (certain ideological, cultural whole, characteristic of a specific country or social environment)
        7. (countable ) ground (bottom of a body of water)
        8. (countable , obsolete ) foundation (bottom of a construction)
          Synonym: fundament
        9. (countable , obsolete ) core (reason or cause for something)
        10. (Middle Polish ) world
          Synonym: świat
        11. (Middle Polish ) background
          Synonym: tło
        12. (Middle Polish ) source; documentation; evidence (document or fact that can be relied upon)
        13. (Middle Polish ) certainty, solidness
        14. (Middle Polish ) source (place where something arises)
        15. (Middle Polish ) etymology; etymon
          Synonym: źródłosłów
        16. (Middle Polish ) original version of something
          Synonym: oryginał
        17. (Middle Polish ) pattern, symbol
        18. (Middle Polish ) prepositional phrase
        19. (Middle Polish ) fundament; Further details are uncertain.
          • 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski‎[4] , page 62:
            Fundamentum, grvnth, początek
            [Fundamentum, grunt, początek]
          • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[5] , page 400b:
            Solum, Dno/ grunt/ ziemiá.
            [Solum, Dno/ grunt/ ziemia.]
          • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎[6] , pages 451c, 140b [2 r.]:
            Terrenum, Dno/ grunt álbo poległość ziemie.
            [Terrenum, Dno/ grunt albo poległość ziemie.]
          • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum‎[7] , pages 441a, 990b:
            Fundum ‒ Grunt, dno.
            [Fundum ‒ Grunt, dno.]

        Usage notes

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        The nominative and accusative plural form grunta is dated.

        Declension

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        Declension of grunt
        singular plural
        nominative grunt grunty/grunta
        genitive gruntu gruntów
        dative gruntowi gruntom
        accusative grunt grunty/grunta
        instrumental gruntem gruntami
        locative gruncie gruntach
        vocative gruncie grunty/grunta

        Derived terms

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        adjectives
        interjections
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        adverbs

        Descendants

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        Further reading

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        • "grunt", in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • "grunt", in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[9] (in Polish)
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), "grunt", in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • "GRUNT", in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.05.2009
        • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), "grunt", in Słownik języka polskiego
        • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), "grunt", in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
        • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), "grunt", in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 921
        • Aleksander Saloni (1899), "grunt", in "Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska", in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny‎[10] (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 238
        • Józefa Kobylińska (2001), "grunt", in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎[11] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 46

        Serbo-Croatian

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from German Grund .

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        grȕnt m inan (Cyrillic spelling гру̏нт )

        1. (regional ) plot of land, lot

        Declension

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        Declension of grunt
        singular plural
        nominative grȕnt grùntovi
        genitive grunta gruntova
        dative gruntu gruntovima
        accusative grunt gruntove
        vocative grunte gruntovi
        locative gruntu gruntovima
        instrumental gruntom gruntovima

        Swedish

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        Adjective

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        grunt

        1. indefinite neuter singular of grund

        Adverb

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        grunt

        1. shallowly
          gentemot såväl grundt rationalistiska som känslosamt svärmiska religiösa riktningar.
          towards both shallowly rationalistic and emotionally fanatical religious tendencies.

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