User:Ganesh s86/Sandbox2

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Also called Gain Line. It is an imaginary line drawn across the centre of the pitch when there is a breakdown in open play, such as a ruck, maul or scrumAdvancing across the gain line represents a gain in territory. All defending players caught beyond this line are offside. If they play any part in the game they will give away a penalty to attacking team. Hence must come behind the line to be onside and continue playing.

If the ball enters touch, then play is restarted by a line-out at the point where the ball left the field of play.The exception to this is if the ball is kicked into touch on the full.In this case,line-out is taken from the point from where the ball was kicked from, and not from where it entered touch.

Ball back is waived in certain circumstances:

• If the kicking player is inside his own 22m line when he kicks the ball
• If a side elects to kick a penalty into touch

When the ball becomes trapped in a pile-up of players, a scrum is awarded to the attacking team if the ball is in contact with the ground and to the defending team if it is held up off the ground.

The narrow side of the pitch in relation to a scrum or a breakdown in play.The blindside flanker is expected to cover cover the opposing team openside at scrum and breakdown. It is the opposite of openside.

It is a defensive technique used in rugby union. The Blitz defence relies on the whole defensive line moving forward towards their marked man as one as soon as the ball leaves the base of a ruck or maul. The charge is usually led by the inside centre.

The idea of this technique is to prevent the attacking team gaining any ground by tackling them behind the gain line and forcing interceptions and charged down kicks. However, the defending team can be vulnerable to chip kicks and any player breaking the defensive line will have lots of space to play because the defence are running the other way and must stop, turn and chase.

In many ways, the blitz is similar to the defence used in rugby league.

It is also called Blood replacemant. A player who has a visible bleeding injury may be replaced for up to fifteen minutes (running time not game time), during which he or she may receive first-aid treatment to stop the flow of blood and dress the wound. The player may then to return to the pitch to continue playing.

"up and unders", "Garryowens"

If a team scores a try, they have an opportunity to "convert" it for two further points by kicking the ball between the posts and above the crossbar - that is, through the goal. The kick is taken at any point on the field of play in line with the point that the ball was grounded for the try parallel to the touch-lines.So it is advatageous to score a try nearer to the posts as it is easier to convert it.

The kick can be a drop kick or a place kick.

It is an attacking tactic in rugby union where a player receives a pass at pace and runs directly at the opposition's defensive line. The crash ball runner attempts to commit two or more opposing players to the tackle, then attempts to make the ball available to team-mates by offloading in the tackle or recycling the ball quickly from the ruck.

By committing players to the tackle, the crash ball runner creates holes in the opposition's defense, thereby creating attacking opportunities for team-mates.

A drop goal is scored when a player kicks the ball from hand through the opposition's goal. But the ball must touch the ground between being dropped and kicked.It is worth three points.

The team awarded a free kick cannot score a dropped goal until the ball next becomes dead, or until an opponent has played or touched it, or has tackled the ball carrier. This restriction applies also to a scrum taken instead of a free kick.

A drop kick is when a player kicks the ball from hand and the ball touches the ground between being dropped and kicked. If a drop kick goes through a goal then it results in a drop goal.

It is a tackling technique in rugby union. The tackler wraps his arms around the ball carrier's thighs and lifts him a short distance in the air before forcibly driving him to the ground. The tackler must go to ground with the ball carrier for the tackle to be legal. This technique is useful to completely stop the opponent in his tracks.

A field goal or "dropped goal" (usually abbreviated to "drop goal" in speech) is scored by drop kicking the ball above the crossbar and between the uprights. A field goal is worth three points in rugby union.

It is also called a throw-forward

A forward pass occurs when the ball fails to travel backwards in a pass. If the ball is not thrown or passed forward but it bounces forward after hitting a player or the ground, it is not a throw-forward.

If the referee deems it accidental, this results in a scrum to the opposing team, however deliberate forward passes result in the award of a penalty.

A fourth official is one who controls replacements and substitutes. He may also subsitute for referee or touch judge in case of injury to either of them.

Also called short arm penalty. This is a lesser form of the penalty, usually awarded to a team for a technical offence committed by the opposing side such as numbers at the line-out or time wasting at a scrum. A free kick is also awarded for calling a mark.

A team cannot kick for goal (unless it is a drop goal). The normal 22m rule applies for kicking for position from a free kick. It is signalled by the referee with a bent arm raised in the air.

They are the player wearing jersey number 15. They act as the last line of defence against running attacks by the opposing three-quarter backs. The full back is expected to field high kicks from the opposition, and reply with a superior kick or a counterattack. The full back is sometimes the specialist goal-kicker in a team, taking penalty and conversion kicks.

It is an antiquated scoring move in rugby union. It occurred when a player "marked" the ball and scored a goal from there.

In the modern game, a goal cannot be scored from a free kick, but in the past the reward for scoring a "goal from mark" (which is a difficult kick to play) was three or four points.

Is an informal sobriquet used in to describe a situation that often occurs during the group stage of a tournament, where any team in the group could qualify and any team could be eliminated.

Typically, a Group of Death will see an unusual match-up of heavyweight sides, due to a quirk in the seeding system.

It is a type of kick which makes the ball roll and tumble across the ground,producing irregular bounces making it hard for the defending team to pick up the ball without causing a knock on. It gives the ball both high and low bounce and on occasions, the ball can sit up in a perfect catching position.

Also called Fend

A coin is tossed and the winning captain elects to take or receive the kick.

Both halves of the match are started with a drop kick from the centrepoint of the halfway line. The kick must cross the opposition's 10-metre line, which the opposition are not allowed to encroach beyond until the ball is kicked.

If the ball does not travel 10 metres, goes straight into touch, or goes over the dead ball line at the end of the pitch, the opposing team may accept the kick, have the ball kicked off again, or have a scrumat the center.

After a score, the game is restarted from the same place under the same restrictions, with the conceding team drop-kicking the ball to the scoring team.

It is also called knock-forward. A knock-on is when a player loses possession of the ball and goes forward off the hands or arms of a player and hits either the ground or another player. It results in a scrum with the put-in to the opposition.

A maximum of seven and a minimum of three forwards line up parallel with each other between the five-metre and 15-metre lines. The hooker of the team in possession throws the ball in while his opposite number stands in between the touchline and the five-yard line.

All players not involved in the lineout, except the scrum-half, must retire 10 metres.

The ball must be thrown in straight down the middle of the lineout and the hooker must not cross into the field of play while throwing in. If throw is not straight then the throw is given to opposition or a scrum

Jumpers can be lifted by their team-mates below the waist, but the opposition's jumpers must not be obstructed, barged or pulled down.

It is a coded piece of information, used to communicate intentions about a line-out within one team in a rugby union match without giving information away to the other team. The advantage in line-out comes from knowing in advance how the throw will be made.

Also called rolling maul

The mulligrubber kick is a style of kicking used in rugby union. A mulligrubber is directed towards the ground and forced to bounce. Often used in situations where either the ball needs to be placed in a specific position (ie. on the try line) or to intentionally stop the opponent from being able to catch the ball on the full.

If the ball is kicked into touch without first bouncing inside the field of play it is termed as ball is kicked into touch on the full.

The broad side of the pitch in relation to a scrum or a breakdown in play. The openside flanker is expected to cover the cover the opposing team openside at scrum and breakdown.Its the opposite of blindside.

A pass is to transfer a ball to a teammate by throwing it. All passes in rugby must travel backwards. There are different varieties of pass, including the flat, direct spin pass; the short, close-quarters pop pass; and the floated pass - a long pass which an advancing player can run onto at pace.

Penalties are awarded for serious infringements like dangerous play, offside and handling the ball on the ground. It is signalled by the referee with a straight arm raised in the air. Players can also receive red and yellow cards, as in football.

The offending team must retire 10 metres for both penalties and free kicks. A team can either kick for goal,tap and run the ball,take a scrum or kick directly into touch with the resulting line-out awarded to them.

If a side commits a penalty infringement the opposition can take the option of a place kick at goal from where the infringement occurred.This is called penalty kick.If successful,it is worth three points.

A Penalty Try awarded if the referee believes a team illegally obstructs the opposition to prevent a certain try from being scored. Penalty tries are always awarded under the posts regardless of where the offence took place.

A phase is the time a ball is in play between breakdowns. For example, first phase would be winning the ball at the lineout and passing to a centre who is tackled. Second phase would be winning the ball back from the ensuing breakdown and attacking again.

The eight forwards from each team bind together and push against each other. The scrum-half from the team that has been awarded possession feeds the ball into the centre of the scrum from the side most advantageous for his hooker(which is typically the side of loose head prop).

The ball must be fed straight down the middle of the tunnel and the hookers must not contest for the ball until it is put in. If they do, a free-kick is awarded for "foot up".

The scrum is taken again if the ball comes straight out of the tunnel or if it collapses. If the scrum wheels more than 90 degrees the scrum is reformed and awarded to the other side.

Tap tackle is a form of tackle used in rugby union. It is used when the player carrying the ball is running at speed and a defending player is approaching from behind. Even if the defender is not able to get close enough to the ball-carrier to wrap his arms around him in a conventional tackle, he may still be able to dive at the other player's feet and, with outstretched arm, deliver a tap or hook to the player's foot (or feet) causing the player to stumble. At speed, this will often be sufficient to bring the ball-carrier down, allowing a team-mate of the tackling player to retrieve the ball.

It is the primary method of scoring in rugby.A try is worth five points. It is scored when a player places the ball on the ground with downward pressure in the in-goal area between the try line and dead ball line of the opposition's half.

There is no such thing as an "own try". If you touch the ball down in your own in-goal area, it results in a Twenty-two metre drop out or a Five metre scrum.

A drop kick is taken from the 22m line if a team touches down in its own in-goal area but did not carry the ball over the try line, or if the ball is kicked over the dead ball line from any other play other than the kick-off.

The ball only needs to cross the line, but if it goes directly into touch a scrum is awarded to the receiving team at the centrepoint of the 22m line.

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