User:50cho0choz41/Automatic and controlled processes
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Automatic and controlled processes (ACP) are the two categories of cognitive processing.[1] All cognitive processes are theorized to fall into one or both of those categories.[1] The level of attention and effort (cognitive demand) required by a cognitive process is the main differentiating factor between automatic and controlled processes.[1] Automatic processes refer to cognitive processes that occur with little or no attention, low effort/control (low cognitive demand), and can occur in parallel with other cognitive processes.[1] Contrarily, controlled processes refer to cognitive processes that occur with attention, effortful control (high cognitive demand), and occur serially.[1] Controlled processes are typically slower than automatic processes, and are limited by the availability of cognitive resources.[1]
Dual Process Theories
[edit ]Dual Process Theories
[edit ]Dual process theories are a class of theories that are used to explain many cognitive processes, including judgement and decision-making.[2] Dual process theories assume that humans possess two types of cognitive processing that map onto automatic and controlled processing: Type 1 and Type 2 (Also known as System 1 and System 2, respectively).[2] Type 1 relies automatic processing, does not require working memory, and is typically the faster of the two processing types. Type 2 relies on controlled processing, requiring controlled attention and working memory.[3] The automatic/controlled distinction between Type 1 and Type 2 is only one of many common distinctions. Some others include: unconscious/conscious, associative/rule-based, and intuitive/deliberate.[2] Besides the automatic/controlled distinction, criticism exists for common distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 processes, arising from inconsistent findings or disagreements among researchers.[2] For instance, the unconscious/conscious is commonly criticized for its lack of conceptual clarity, making it vague and an unreliable identifier of Type 1 and Type 2 processing.[2]
References
[edit ]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schneider, W; M. Chein, Jason (2003-06). "Controlled & automatic processing: behavior, theory, and biological mechanisms". Cognitive Science. 27 (3): 525–559. doi:10.1016/S0364-0213(03)00011-9.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - 1 2 3 4 5 Evans, Jonathan St. B. T.; Stanovich, Keith E. (2013年05月01日). "Dual-Process Theories of Higher Cognition: Advancing the Debate". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 8 (3): 223–241. doi:10.1177/1745691612460685. ISSN 1745-6916.
- ↑ Barrouillet, Pierre (2011年09月01日). "Dual-process theories and cognitive development: Advances and challenges". Developmental Review. Special Issue: Dual-Process Theories of Cognitive Development. 31 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.dr.201107002. ISSN 0273-2297.