Timeline of Artsakh history
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Republic of Artsakh
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This is a timeline of Artsakh's history, representing territorial control under three columns:
- Realm
The highest level of authority. - State
The state or administrative unit that the region of Artsakh belonged to. - Artsakh
Geopolitical entity in Artsakh proper (Mountainous Karabakh).
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: YYYY-MM-DD date formats need to be converted. Please help improve this section if you can. (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
| Starting Date | Sovereign | State/Region | Artsakh Proper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 592 BC [1] | Iran (Medes) | Unknown (Urtekhini?[2] ) | |
| 549 BC | Iran (Achaemenid dynasty)[3] | ||
| 321 BC | |||
| 189 BC [4] | |||
| Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)[5] | Province of Artsakh of the Kingdom of Armenia 189 BC to 387 AD [note 1] | ||
| Sophene and Kingdom of Commagene - Tigranes the Great conquered these territories | |||
| 65 BC [6] | Rome | (Artaxiad dynasty) Tigranes II of Armenia becomes a client king of Rome | |
| 53 BC [7] | Persia (Arsacid dynasty) defeats Rome at the Battle of Carrhae | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) - Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia. | |
| 36 BC | Rome | Mark Antony begins Parthian campaign [8] Rebellion of King Zober of Albania defeated. | |
| 33 BC | Rome | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) | |
| 36 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 47 | |||
| 51 [9] | Iberia (Pharnavazid dynasty) | ||
| 58 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 62 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) Parthians under Vologases I invade Armenia, unsuccessfully besiege Romans in Tigranocerta. | ||
| 63 | Rome: Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo invades Armenia and defeats Tiridates I, who accepts Roman sovereignty. Parthia withdraws. | ||
| 64 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 114 [10] | Rome | Roman Armenia Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia | |
| 118 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 252 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | |
| 287 | Rome: Diocletian signs peace treaty with King Bahram II of Persia, installs the pro-Roman Arsacid Tiridates III as king in western Armenia. | ||
| 363 | Persia(Sassanian dynasty: Jovian cedes Corduene and Arzanene to Sassanids. | Corduene and Arzanene | |
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | |||
| 376 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
| 387 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | ||
| Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | with Sasanian help seizes from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes | includes Artsakh and Utik.[11] | |
| Division of Greater Armenia between Persia and Byzantium | |||
| 654 | Arab Caliphate | Albania (Mihranid dynasty), | |
| 850 | Artsakh | ||
| 884 | Armenia (Bagratid dynasty) | Artsakh | |
| 1045 | Artsakh | ||
| 1063 | Seljuk Empire | Artsakh | |
| 1092 | Eldiguzids | ||
| 1124 | Georgia (Bagratid dynasty) | Eldiguzids | |
| 1201 | Armenia (Zakarid dynasty) | ||
| 1214 [12] [13] | Artsakh (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
| 1236 | Mongol Empire | ||
| 1256 | Ilkhanate | ||
| 1261 | Khachen (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
| 1360 | Karabakh | ||
| 1337 | Chobanids | ||
| 1357 | Jalayirids | ||
| 1375 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1387 | Timurid Empire | ||
| 1409 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
| 1468 | Ak Koyunlu | ||
| 1501 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | Province of Karabakh | Melikdoms of Karabakh (Khamsa) [note 2] |
| 1583 | Ottoman Empire | ||
| 1603 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | ||
| 1725 | |||
| 1736 | Iran (Afsharid dynasty) | ||
| 1747 [13] | Karabakh Khanate | ||
| 1751 | Iran (Zand dynasty) | ||
| 1797 | Iran (Qajar dynasty) | ||
| 1805-05 [13] [note 3] | Russia (Romanov dynasty) | ||
| 1822 [13] | |||
| 1846 | Shemakha Governorate [note 4] | ||
| 1868 [13] | Elisabethpol Governorate | ||
| 1917年11月11日 | Transcaucasian Commissariat | ||
| 1918年04月22日 | Transcaucasia [note 5] | ||
| 28 May 1918 [13] | First Republic of Armenia: Declaration of independence | Armenian rebels | |
| 1918年06月04日 [note 6] | |||
| 1918年07月27日 | People's Government of Karabakh | ||
| 1918-09 | Ottoman Empire |
| |
| 1918年10月30日 [note 7] | British Empire | Mountainous Karabakh was placed under the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan until the final delimitation agreement would be reached at the Paris Peace Conference. | |
| 1919年08月22日 [note 8] | |||
| 1919年08月23日 [note 9] | |||
| 1920年03月04日 [note 10] | Azerbaijan |
| |
| 1920年04月09日 |
| ||
| 1920年04月13日 [note 11] | |||
| 1920年04月22日 [note 12] | |||
| 1920年04月28日 [note 13] | |||
| 1920年05月12日 [13] | Red Army 11th Red Army advances into Armenia on 29 November 1920; transfer of power on 2 December in Yerevan. | Azerbaijan SSR |
|
| 1920年05月26日 | The final status of Mountainous Karabakh was still being debated. | ||
| Dec. 1, 1920 [note 14] | |||
| 1921年07月04日 [13] [note 15] | |||
| 1922年03月12日 | Azerbaijan SSR, | ||
| 1922年12月30日 [13] | Soviet Union | ||
| 1923年07月07日 [13] [note 16] | Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast | ||
| 1936年12月05日 | Azerbaijan SSR | ||
| 1991 | First Nagorno-Karabakh War
| ||
| 1991年04月30日 [note 17] | |||
| 1991年09月02日 [note 18] | |||
| 1991年11月26日 [13] [note 19] | |||
| 1994年05月12日 [note 20] | De facto Artsakh, de jure Azerbaijan | ||
| 2020年09月27日 | Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | ||
| 2020年11月10日[note 21] |
Control over Nagorno-Karabakh is divided between Azerbaijan and Artsakh with Russian peacekeeping forces. Final status to be determined.[17] | ||
| September 2023 - January 2024 |
Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh due to the 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive, followed by a refugee crisis in which nearly the entire population fled to Armenia. | ||
See also
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ The exact date of the establishment of the Province of Artsakh is not known, but is believed to be sometime before 189 BC.
- ^ The Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty branches out sometime in the 16th century.
- ^ The Russian Empire occupies the lands, but they're formally annexed only in 1813 by the Treaty of Gulistan.
- ^ Shemakha Governorate was renamed to Baku Governorate in 1859.
- ^ The Transcaucasian Democratic Federal Republic was a multi-national entity established by Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian leaders.
- ^ Treaty of Batum
- ^ Armistice of Mudros
- ^ Seventh Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
- ^ British withdrawal.
- ^ Eighth Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
- ^ General Dro (Drastamat Kanayan) takes parts of Mountainous Karabakh on behalf of the Republic of Armenia.
- ^ Ninth Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
- ^ Azerbaijan is invaded by the Red Army.
- ^ Azerbaijan SSR's revolutionary committee declares Mountainous Karabakh to be transferred to Armenian SSR.
- ^ Kavbiuro decides to leave Mountainous-Karabakh within Azerbaijan SSR.
- ^ Declared, and then implemented in November of 1924.
- ^ Operation Ring
- ^ The Armenians of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast declare their independence.
- ^ Azerbaijan abolishes the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.
- ^ Bishkek Protocol ceasefire.
- ^ 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.
References
[edit ]- ^ Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 107. ISBN 0700714529. OCLC 46908690.
This shows that Urartu was very much in existence [...] down to 594 BC, [...]. It is possible that the last king of Urartu's reigh ended at about the same time or a little earlier. [...] in 590 BC, the Medes marched westwards [towards western Anatolia and Lydia].
- ^ Dmitri Sargsyan (arm) Արցախը Ուրարտական դարաշրջանում: Artsakh in the Urartian Era (2010). "ԴՄԻՏՐԻ ՍԱՐԳՍԵԱՆ". Bazmavep. Mekhitar. p. 151. English-language abstract (article in Armenian?)
- ^ "Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great". History.com. September 30, 2019.
- ^ Levon., Chorbajian (1994). The Caucasian knot: the history & geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. Donabédian, Patrick., Mutafian, Claude. London: Atlantic Highlands, NJ. p. 53. ISBN 1856492877. OCLC 31970952.
Certain authors estimate that when King Artashes (189–160 BC) brought about the unification of the Kingdom of Great Armenia, Caucasian tribes, probably Albanians, living in Artsakh and Utik were brought in by force. This thesis is said to be based on Strabo, but, in reality, when he describes the conquests Artashes carried out at the expense of the Medes and Iberians – and not the Albanians – he says nothing of Artsakh and Utik, since these provinces were certainly already a part of Armenia.
- ^ J. F. C. Fuller (2018). A Military History of the Western World, Vol. I:: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto: Volume 1 of A Military History of the Western World. Valmy Publishing. pp. 613 pages. ISBN 978-1789127485 – via Google Books.isbn 9781789127485
- ^ Lee E. Patterson; Eastern Illinois University (2015). "Anthony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (77). Society for Classical Studies, Johns Hopkins University Press: 105. JSTOR 43830371 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 212. ISBN 0700714529. OCLC 46908690.
The Armenian king, Parthia's ally since the year 53 BC, appeared to submit.
- ^ Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–99. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 14.
- ^ Theodore Mommsen. The Provinces of the Roman Empire. Chapter IX, p. 68
- ^ Chaumont, M. L. (1985). "Albania". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 806–810
- ^ Hewsen, Robert H. "The Meliks of Eastern Armenia: A Preliminary Study." Revue des Études Arméniennes . NS: IX, 1972, pp. 255-329.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Thomas., De Waal (2013). Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war (10th-year anniversary ed., rev. and updated ed.). New York: New York University Press. pp. 329–335. ISBN 9780814770825. OCLC 843880838.
- ^ "F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus". Stratfor. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.
- ^ "Is peace possible between Armenia and Azerbaijan? — RealnoeVremya.com". realnoevremya.com. Retrieved 2021年01月19日.
... we, the Turks, are present in Syria, Libya, we scare America, bargain with Russia, and now we are in Karabakh ...
- ^ "2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2021年04月07日. Retrieved 2021年04月10日.
After Azerbaijan, with Turkish support, reestablished control over four surrounding territories controlled by separatists since 1994, ...
- ^ "Moscow Says Karabakh Status 'Intentionally' Left Out at Talks, Wants to 'Close POW Issue'". Asbarez.com. 2021年01月18日. Retrieved 2021年01月19日.