Template:Braket
- "Template:Dirac notation" redirects here.
This is for producing templates {{bra }}, {{ket }}, and {{bra-ket }}. It can also produce quantum state vectors in bra–ket notation, using wikicode, ideally with {{math }}, as an alternative to LaTeX in <math> mode, but using this template ( {{braket}} ) is more clumsy than the simpler and more directly applicable {{bra}}, {{ket}}, and {{bra-ket}}.
Application
[edit ]There are three parameters, use as many as needed in this order:
- Brackets: choose one of:
- bra (for a bra vector),
- ket (for a ket vector),
- bra-ket (for the inner product), or
- Symbol 1:
- if 1 is set to bra or ket: enter the first symbol for the bra or ket,
- if 1 is set to bra-ket: enter the symbol for the bra part of the inner product
- Symbol 2:
- if 1 is set to bra or ket: this parameter is not needed.
- if 1 is set to bra-ket: enter the symbol for the ket part of the inner product
If 1 is set to bra-ket, the symbols are entered in the order they are read, left to right. The symbols can of course be bold, italic, underlined, any unicode symbol, etc.
Examples
[edit ]- Ket
A ket can be written: |ψ⟩, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}.
Using {{math }}, a ket can be written: |ψ⟩, that is {{math|{{braket|ket|ψ}}}}.
- Bra
A bra can be written: ⟨ψ| = |ψ⟩†, that is {{braket|bra|ψ}} = {{braket|ket|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>.
Using {{math }}, a bra can be written: ⟨ψ| = |ψ⟩†, that is {{math|{{braket|bra|ψ}} {{=}} {{braket|ket|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>}}.
- Bra-ket
The inner product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ can be written: ⟨ψ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ξ|ψ⟩†, that is {{braket|bra-ket|ψ|ξ}} = {{braket|bra-ket|ξ|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>.
Using {{math }}, the inner product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ can be written: ⟨ψ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ξ|ψ⟩†, that is {{math|{{braket|bra-ket|ψ|ξ}} {{=}} {{braket|bra-ket|ξ|ψ}}<sup>†</sup>}}.
- Outer products
The outer product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ can be written: |ψ⟩⟨ξ| = [|ξ⟩⟨ψ|]†, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}{{braket|bra|ξ}} = [{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|bra|ψ}}]<sup>†</sup>.
Using {{math }}, the outer product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ can be written: |ψ⟩⟨ξ| = [|ξ⟩⟨ψ|]†, that is {{braket|ket|ψ}}{{braket|bra|ξ}} {{=}} [{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|bra|ψ}}]<sup>†</sup>.
- Inner products including operators
The inner product of the kets |ξ⟩ and Ĥ|ψ⟩ is written using a bra and ket separately between the operator (there is no third parameter for the operator symbol):
- ⟨ψ|Ĥ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ξ|Ĥ†|ψ⟩,
that is
{{braket|bra|ψ}}''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|ξ}} = {{braket|bra|ξ}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>{{braket|ket|ψ}}.
Using {{math }}, the inner product of the kets |ξ⟩ and Ĥ|ψ⟩ is written using a bra and ket separately between the operator:
- ⟨ψ|Ĥ|ξ⟩ = ⟨ξ|Ĥ†|ψ⟩,
that is
{{math|{{braket|bra|ψ}}''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|ξ}} {{=}} {{braket|bra|ξ}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>{{braket|ket|ψ}}}}.
In wiki-markup rather than LaTeX:
- iħd/dt|Ψ(t)⟩ = Ĥ|Ψ(t)⟩ ↔ −iħ⟨Ψ(t)|d/dt = ⟨Ψ(t)|Ĥ†
that is,
{{math|''iħ''{{sfrac|''d''|''dt''}}{{braket|ket|Ψ(''t'')}} {{=}} ''Ĥ''{{braket|ket|Ψ(''t'')}} ↔ −''iħ''{{braket|bra|Ψ(''t'')}}{{sfrac|''d''|''dt''}} {{=}} {{braket|bra|Ψ(''t'')}}''Ĥ''<sup>†</sup>}}
The tensor product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ is written using the ket mode only (there is no parameter for tensor products):
- |ξ⟩|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ⟩ ⊗ |ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ, ψ⟩,
that is
{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ}} &otimes; {{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ, ψ}}.
Using {{math }}, the tensor product of the kets |ξ⟩ and |ψ⟩ is written using the ket mode only:
- |ξ⟩|ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ⟩ ⊗ |ψ⟩ ≡ |ξ, ψ⟩,
that is
{{math|{{braket|ket|ξ}}{{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ}} &otimes; {{braket|ket|ψ}} ≡ {{braket|ket|ξ, ψ}}}}.
See also
[edit ]- {{Angle bracket }}: surrounding angle brackets
- {{Langle }}, {{Rangle }}: single angle brackets
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.