Revia (Hebrew cantillation mark)
| Revia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
רְבִ֗יעַ
֗
וְהָאָ֗רֶץ
| ||||
| cantillation | ||||
| Sof passuk | ׃ | Paseq | ׀ | |
| Etnakhta/atnakh | ֑ | Segol | ֒ | |
| Shalshelet | ֓ | Zakef katan | ֔ | |
| Zakef gadol | ֕ | Tifcha/tarkha | ֖ | |
| Rivia | ֗ | Zarka | ֘ | |
| Pashta | ֙ | Yetiv | ֚ | |
| Tevir | ֛ | Geresh | ֜ | |
| Geresh muqdam [de] | ֝ | Gershayim | ֞ | |
| Karne parah | ֟ | Telisha gedola/talsha | ֠ | |
| Pazer | ֡ | Atnah hafukh [de] | ֢ | |
| Munakh/shofar holekh | ֣ | Mahpach | ֤ | |
| Merkha/ma’arikh | ֥ | Mercha kefula | ֦ | |
| Darga | ֧ | Qadma | ֨ | |
| Telisha qetana/tarsa | ֩ | Yerah ben yomo | ֪ | |
| Ole | ֫ | Illuy | ֬ | |
| Dehi [de] | ֭ | Tsinnorit | ֮ | |
Revia (Hebrew: רְבִיעַ, [rəviaʕ]) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other biblical texts.
It is commonly explained as being the Aramaic equivalent of Hebrew רְבִיעִי Revi'i, meaning 'fourth' or 'quarter'.,[1] and for that reason is sometimes called Revi'i. However, this is probably a folk etymology: the more likely meaning in Aramaic is "crouching" or "lying", referring to its position vertically above the word.[2]
Revia is considered to have medium strength. It is stronger than a Pashta or Tevir, but weaker than a Zakef or Tifcha.[3]
Revia can occur either by itself, or following one or two Munachs. When there are two Munachs prior to a Revia, the first Munach has a long melody, and the second one is short. When there is one Munach, it is short.
Based on its translation as fourth, in printed texts it is represented by a diamond-shaped mark. However in manuscripts it is just a dot.[4]
Total occurrences
[edit ]| Book | Number of appearances |
|---|---|
| Torah | 2430[5] |
| Genesis | 610[5] |
| Exodus | 504[5] |
| Leviticus | 312[5] |
| Numbers | 497[5] |
| Deuteronomy | 507[5] |
| Nevi'im | 2239[6] |
| Ketuvim | 1672[6] |
Melody
[edit ]The Rivia is read in a slow, downward tone, with a pause in the middle breaking upward.
References
[edit ]- ^ Buhl, Dr. Frants (2021). Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuch [Hebrew and Aram concise dictionary by Wilhelm Gesenius ] (in German) (17 ed.). Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer. p. 742. ISBN 978-3-642-94264-8.
- ^ Lier, Gudrun, "The Revia in the Context of Decoding Masoretic Accents", Journal of Semitics, 2011, Vol 21/1, pp. 28-51.
- ^ Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 102
- ^ The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot ... By Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 43
- ^ a b c d e f Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
- ^ a b Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5
This article related to the Hebrew Bible is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.