Portuguese Ceylon

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Portuguese Ceylon Ceilão Português (Portuguese) පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව (Sinhala) pṛtugīsi laṁkāva போர்த்துக்கேய இலங்கை (Tamil) Pōrttukkēya ilaṅkai
1597[1] –1658
Flag of Ceilão Português Flag of Ceilão Português Coat of arms
After the death of King Dharmapala (1597)   Portuguese Ceylon at its greatest extent 1594–1619
Status	Colony of Portugal
Capital	Colombo
Common languages	Portuguese (official) Sinhala Tamil
Religion	Roman Catholicism
King of Portugal
• 1597–1598	Philip I
• 1598–1621	Philip II
• 1621–1640	Philip III
• 1640–1656	John IV
• 1656–1658	Afonso VI
Captain-General
• 1597–1614	Jerónimo de Azevedo
• 1656–1658	António de Amaral de Meneses
Historical era	Colonialism
• Portuguese arrival	1505
• Death of Dharmapala of Kotte	27 May 1597[1]
• Luso–Kandyan Treaty	1633
• Surrender of Jaffna	June 1658
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Kotte Kingdom of Jaffna Kingdom of Sitawaka		Dutch Ceylon

Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilão Português; Sinhala: පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව; Tamil: போர்த்துக்கேய இலங்கை) is the name given to the territory on Ceylon, modern-day Sri Lanka, controlled by the Portuguese Empire between 1597 and 1658.

Portuguese presence in the island lasted from 1505 to 1658. Their arrival was largely accidental, and the Portuguese sought control of commerce, rather than territory. The Portuguese were later drawn into the internal politics of the island with the political upheaval of the Wijayaba Kollaya, and used these internal divisions to their advantage during the Sinhalese–Portuguese War, first in an attempt to control the production of valuable cinnamon and later of the entire island. Direct Portuguese rule did not begin until after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte, who died without an heir, and had bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch in 1580.^[2] That allowed the Portuguese sufficient claim to the Kingdom of Kotte upon Dharmapala's death in 1597. Portuguese rule began with much resistance by the local population.^[3]

Eventually, the Kingdom of Kandy sought help from the Dutch East India Company, with whom they initially entered into agreement. After the collapse of the Iberian economy in 1627, the Dutch–Portuguese War saw the Dutch conquest of most of Portugal's Asian colonies – Ceylon included, between 1638 and 1658. Nevertheless, elements of Portuguese culture from this colonial period remain in Sri Lanka.

Part of a series on the
History of Kandy
Temple of the Tooth, Kandy
Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815)
Founding Sinhalese–Portuguese War Kandyan Treaty of 1638 Portuguese Ceylon Treaty of Batticaloa Kandyan Wars
Colonial Kandy (1815–1948)
Kandyan Convention Matale rebellion South East Asia Command
Kandy (1948–present)
Modern Kandy
See also
An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon List of Kandyan monarchs History of Sri Lanka
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Portuguese knew Sri Lanka by the name ''Seylan''. In 1505 King of Portugal instructed General Dom Francisco de Almeida to find the island of ''Seylan'' when he was appointed as the emperor of the East by the Portuguese. When the Portuguese were trying to establish relations with Ceylon, Dom Lourenço de Almeida, son of Dom Francisco de Almeida, and others arrived by chance in 1505 AD. So, the first contact between Sri Lanka and the Portuguese was established by Dom Lourenço de Almeida in 1505. It was largely accidental and it wasn't until 12 years later that the Portuguese sought to establish a fortified trading settlement.^[4]

Direct Portuguese rule began after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte who bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch.^[5] By 1600 the Portuguese had consolidated the main centers of rebellion, the Kelani and Kalu ganga basins, leaving the border regions to Sinhalese resistance.^[6]

Cinnamon and black pepper were main spices exported by Portuguese.

There are many foods of Portuguese influence that are still popular in Sri Lanka. For example, lingus and pastries.

Sinhala words for certain types of Western attire/ furniture/ food & drink are derived from the Portuguese. Some examples are below:

Sinhala Word	Meaning	Portuguese Word
Mesaya	Table	Mesa (Table)
Almaariya	Cupboard	Armário (Cupboard)
Kurusaya	Cross	Cruz (Cross)
Toppiya	Hat	Topo (Hat)
Kamisaya	Shirt	Camiseta (Shirt)
Kalisama	Trousers	Calção (Trousers)
Sapaththuwa	Shoe	Sapato (Shoe)
Sidaadiya	City	Cidade (City)
Bébadda (colloq.)	Drunkard	Bêbado (drunkard)
Iskole	School	Escola (School)

Click here for more examples.....

• Portuguese India
• Dutch Ceylon
• British Ceylon
• Sinhalese–Portuguese War

• De Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. India: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04320-0.
• C. Gaston Pereira, Kandy fights the Portuguese. Sri Lanka: Vijitha Yapa Publications, July 2007. ISBN 978-955-1266-77-6
• Channa Wicremasekera, Kandy at War. Sri Lanka: Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2004. ISBN 955-8095-52-4
• Michael Roberts, Sinhala Consciousness in the Kandyan Period. Sri Lanka: Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2004. ISBN 955-8095-31-1,
• Abeysinghe, Tikiri (2005). Jaffna under the Portuguese. Colombo: Stamford Lake. p. 66. ISBN 955-1131-70-1.
• Kunarasa, K (2003). The Jaffna Dynasty. Johor Bahru: Dynasty of Jaffna King’s Historical Society. p. 122. ISBN 955-8455-00-8.
• Gnanaprakasar, Swamy (2003). A Critical History of Jaffna (review of Yalpana Vaipava Malai). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 122. ISBN 81-206-1686-3.
• Senaka Weeraratna, Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505 - 1658)

• Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505–1658, y Paulus Edward Pieris (American Ceylon Mission Press, 1920)
• Portuguese History in Ceylon