Paenibacillus macerans
| Paenibacillus macerans | |
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| Genus: | Paenibacillus Ash et al. 1994
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| Species: | Paenibacillus macerans
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| Paenibacillus macerans | |
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Bacillus macerans
Schardinger 1905 Aerobacillus macerans Alarie and Gray 1947 | |
Paenibacillus macerans is a diazotroph bacterium found in soil and plants capable of nitrogen fixation and fermentation. This bacteria was originally discovered in 1905 by an Austrian biologist named Schardinger and thought to be a bacillus.[1]
Characteristics
[edit ]Paenibacillus macerans is a part of the family Paenibacillaceae which are facultative anaerobes. It is gram-variable, being gram-positive or gram-negative rods.[2] Does not have a capsule and has peritrichous flagella for movement. It does form ellipsoidal, terminal, or subterminal spores which may last in the soil for many years.[3]
Growth conditions
[edit ]P. macerans can be grown in the lab on a nutrient agar with a slightly acidic pH around 5. Optimal growth temperature is 30 °C. No growth in 5% NaCl.[3]
Metabolic capabilities
[edit ]P. macerans has been shown to have some of the broadest metabolic capabilities of any of the genus Paenibacillus . It is able to ferment hexoses, deoxyhexoses, pentoses, cellulose, hemicellulose and glycerol under anaerobic conditions.[4] The high fermentation rates of glycerol makes this an important organism in the study of fuel and chemical production. P. macerans also produces a significant amount of histamines which may cause allergies in some individuals if ingested.[5] This bacterium is a facultative anaerobe capable of nitrogen fixation so in the absence of oxygen it is able to convert nitrogen gas to ammonia which is more easily used by plants.[6]
Ecology
[edit ]P. macerans is usually found in soil and plant materials but has also been identified in blood cultures of infants with infection.[7] The bacterium is not normally pathogenic in humans but could cause allergies as a result of its histamine producing properties.[4]
References
[edit ]- ^ "Paenibacillus macerans - Information on Paenibacillus macerans - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ "Paenibacillus macerans". Interdisciplinary Atlas. Department of Veterinary Disease Biology - University of Copenhagen. 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ a b REGNUM PROKARYOTAE. "ABIS Encyclopedia". Tgw1916.net. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ a b Gupta, Ashutosh; Murarka, Abhishek; Campbell, Paul; Gonzalez, Ramon (2009). "Anaerobic Fermentation of Glycerol in Paenibacillus macerans: Metabolic Pathways and Environmental Determinants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75 (18): 5871–83. doi:10.1128/AEM.01246-09. PMC 2747847 . PMID 19617389.
- ^ Rodriguez-Jerez, J.J.; Giaccone, V.; Colavita, G.; Parisi, E. (1994). "Bacillus macerans—a new potent histamine producing micro-organism isolated from Italian cheese". Food Microbiology. 11 (5): 409–15. doi:10.1006/fmic.1994.1046.
- ^ "Bacillus and related endospore-forming bacteria". Textbookofbacteriology.net. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ^ Noskin, Gary A.; Suriano, Terra; Collins, Susan; Sesler, Stefani; Peterson, Lance R. (2001). "Paenibacillus macerans pseudobacteremia resulting from contaminated blood culture bottles in a neonatal intensive care unit". American Journal of Infection Control. 29 (2): 126–9. doi:10.1067/mic.2001.111535. PMID 11287883.