p-y method

In geotechnical civil engineering, the p–y is a method of analyzing the ability of deep foundations to resist loads applied in the lateral direction. This method uses the finite difference method and p-y graphs to find a solution. P–y graphs are graphs which relate the force applied to soil to the lateral deflection of the soil. In essence, non-linear springs are attached to the foundation in place of the soil. The springs can be represented by the following equation:

${\displaystyle p=ky}${\displaystyle p=ky}

where ${\displaystyle k}${\displaystyle k} is the non-linear spring stiffness defined by the p–y curve, ${\displaystyle y}${\displaystyle y} is the deflection of the spring, and ${\displaystyle p}${\displaystyle p} is the force applied to the spring.

The p–y curves vary depending on soil type.

The available geotechnical engineering software programs for the p–y method include FB-MultiPier by the Bridge Software Institute, DeepFND by Deep Excavation LLC, PileLAT by Innovative Geotechnics, LPile by Ensoft, and PyPile by Yong Technology.^{[citation needed ]}

• Salgado, R. (2007). "The Engineering of Foundations." McGraw-Hill, in press. (1) ^{[permanent dead link ]}
• Hasani, H., Golafshani, A., Estekanchi, H. Seismic performance evaluation of jacket-type offshore platforms using endurance time method considering soil-pile-superstructure interaction. Scientia Iranica, 2017; 24(4): 1843-1854. doi: 10.24200/sci.2017.4275 http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_4275_f79d8b4fdd0cc8d159b91b1a3b968585.pdf

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