Ocaina
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| |
|---|---|
| Black and white photograph of an Ocaina man in a loincloth and feathers with a pole in one hand and four long sticks in the other. Ocaina chief, 1924 | |
| Total population | |
| 137 (2012) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Peru, Colombia | |
| Languages | |
| Ocaina |
The Ocainas are an Amazonian indigenous people of Peru and Colombia, who are today in danger of extinction. There were 176 of them in 2012.[1] They are one of the many Indigenous populations who still speak their original language, being Ocaina, a Witotoan language. In Amazonia, there are only 50 people who still speak Ocaina.
History
[edit ]The Ocainas share history and many cultural characteristics with the Huitotos, Resígaros, and Andoques.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Whiffen (1915) estimated the population of the Okaina (Dukaiya) language group at about 2,000.[2] He described them as being in "ceaseless war" with surrounding tribes. Ceremonial body painting (usually with red dye) was a common practice among many indigenous tribes in the Putumayo region, but the Ocainas were particularly well-known for their elaborate patterns.[3]
The Okainas were among the indigenous peoples affected by the Putumayo genocide of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[4]
Notes
[edit ]- ^ Crevels, Mily (2012年01月13日), Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.), "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking" , The Indigenous Languages of South America, DE GRUYTER, pp. 167–234, doi:10.1515/9783110258035.167, ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3 , retrieved 2025年03月23日
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) - ^ Whiffen 1915, p.61.
- ^ Whiffen 1915, p. 89.
- ^ Valcárcel 2023.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Blixen, Olaf (1999). Tradiciones ocainas. Buenos Aires: Ciudad Argentina : [Fundación Centro de Estudios Políticos y Administrativos]. ISBN 978-987-507-105-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - Valcárcel, Carlos (1915). El proceso del Putumayo y sus secretos inauditos [The Putumayo process and its unprecedented secrets] (in Spanish). Peru / Colombia: The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. ISBN 978-9972-9410年9月2日 . Retrieved August 27, 2023.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - Whiffen, Thomas (1915). The north-west Amazons : notes of some months spent among cannibal tribes. New York: Duffield & Co. ISBN 978-1015246713.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
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