Allergan

Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, manufactures and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology.^{[1] [2] [3]} The company is the maker of Botox.^[1]

Allergan plc was formed in March 2015 when Irish–registered Actavis plc acquired U.S.–registered Allergan, Inc., and assumed the Allergan name.^{[4] [5]} In 2016, Allergan sold its generic drugs business, Actavis, to Teva Pharmaceuticals for 40ドル.5 billion.^[6]

In June 2019, U.S. pharmaceutical company AbbVie announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Allergan for 63ドル billion. The merged company would be domiciled in the U.S. for tax purposes.^{[7] [8]}

Allergan's global headquarters are located in Dublin, Ireland. The company also maintains a significant presence in the United States, with administrative and operational headquarters located in various locations across the country, including Irvine, California and Madison, New Jersey.^[9]

Allergan plc was created from the 2015 merger and Irish corporate tax inversion of two companies, Irish-based Actavis plc and U.S.-based Allergan, Inc.^[10]

In 1948, pharmacist Gavin S. Herbert founded Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.^[10] In 1970, Allergan, Inc. became a public company via an initial public offering.^[10] In 1977, Allergan announced plans to build a factory in Westport, Ireland.^[11]

In 1980, it was acquired by SmithKline Corporation for 259ドル million^[12] and was later spun-off by SmithKline Beecham in 1989.^[13] In 1989, Allergan opened a manufacturing plant in Waco, Texas, to manufacture eye care products.^[14]

In 1991, Allergan acquired the company Oculinum which manufactured products for eye muscle disorders.^{[15] [16]} Following the acquisition, the product was renamed Botox.^{[15] [17]} In 1996, Allergan received FDA approval for Alphagan ophthalmic solution for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.^[18] In 1998, Allergan established The Allergan Foundation, a private US-based charitable foundation.^[19]

In 2005, Allergan acquired Inamed which had a licensing agreement with Corneal Group Laboratoires for Juvederm products.^{[20] [21] [22]} In 2006, Allergan gained rights to Juvederm products.^{[23] [24]}

In the spring of 1983, colleagues Allen Chao and David Hsia formed Watson Pharmaceuticals, a drug development in Libertyville, Illinois.^[25] In late fall of 1983, the company moved to Corona, California, and began to develop and manufacture generic pharmaceuticals.^[26] In February 1993, the company became a public company via an initial public offering.^[26]

In 2011, the company moved its corporate headquarters from Corona, California, to Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey.^{[27] [28]} On October 31, 2012, Watson acquired Actavis for €4.25 billion and took the Actavis name.^[29] In 2013, Actavis acquired Irish-registered Warner Chilcott for 5ドル billion and used the transaction to execute a corporate tax inversion to Ireland.^{[30] [31]} In 2014, Actavis acquired Forest Laboratories for 25ドル billion.^[32]

In 2015, Irish-based Actavis plc acquired U.S.-based Allergan, Inc., for 70ドル billion, and in effect redomiciled Allergan to Ireland in a corporate tax inversion.^{[4] [33]} Actavis CEO Brent Saunders became the CEO of the combined company.^[34] In June 2015, the company took the Allergan name.^[35]

As of 2020, the company operated four facilities in Ireland.^{[36] [11]}

On July 7, 2015, the company acquired the rights to the late stage CGRP migraine portfolio of Merck & Co, as well as two experimental drugs for an upfront payment of 250ドル million.^[37] Later that summer, the company acquired Oculeve for 125ドル million^[38] and Naurex for an upfront payment of 560ドル million.^[39] In October 2015, the company acquired AqueSys, developer of ocular implants for an initial payment of 300ドル million,^[40] along with Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, a company focused on the medical aesthetics market, for 2ドル.1 billion.^{[41] [42]}

In late 2015, the company announced the acquisition of Northwood Medical Innovation, the developer of earFold.^[43] On November 25, 2015, the company announced it would partner with Rugen Therapeutic to develop new therapies for autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.^[44]

On November 23, 2015, Allergan and Pfizer announced their intention to merge in a 160ドル billion transaction.^[45] On April 5, 2016, after the Obama administration announced its plan to ban tax inversions, Pfizer terminated the acquisition and paid Allergan a 150ドル million breakup fee.^{[46] [47]}

In April 2016, the company announced it would partner with Heptares Therapeutics to develop a subtype-selective muscarinic agonists for Alzheimer's disease ^{[48] [49]} and announced the acquisition of Topokine Therapeutics, gaining the phase IIb/III compound XAF5 - a treatment for dermatochalasis.^[50]

In August 2016, Allergan plc sold its generic drugs business to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries in a 40ドル.5 billion deal^{[51] [52]} and announced the acquisition of ForSight VISION5 for more than 95ドル million.^[53]

In September 2016, CEO Saunders announced what he called a social contract to limit prices on the company's medications.^{[54] [55]} That same month, the company acquired RetroSense Therapeutics for more than 60ドル million,^[56] announced the acquisition of Tobira Therapeutics for approximately 1ドル.7 billion^[57] and, a day later, the acquisition of Akarna Therapeutics for 50ドル million.^[58]

In October 2016, the company sold Anda, its generic drug distribution business, to Teva for 500ドル million^{[59] [60]} and acquired Vitae Pharmaceuticals, focused on dermatology treatments, for 639ドル million.^{[59] [61] [62]} That same month, the company announced it would acquire Motus Therapeutics, a developer of treatments for gastrointestinal disorders, for 200ドル million.^[63] On November 22, 2016, the company acquired Chase Pharmaceuticals for 125ドル million.^{[64] [65]}

In 2017, the company acquired LifeCell, a specialist in regenerative medicine, for 2ドル.9 billion and Zeltique Aesthetics, maker of CoolSculpting, for 2ドル.4 billion.^{[66] [67] [68] [69]} On June 7, the company announced the acquisition of Keller Medical, a company that manufactures devices for use during breast augmentation surgery.^[70] On December 12, the company announced the acquisition of Repros Therapeutics, a developer of drugs for reproductive system diseases.^[71]

In September 2018, Allergan acquired the aesthetic company, Bonti, for 195ドル million.^{[72] [73]}

In March 2019, the company acquired Envy Medical, Inc.^[74] As of 2019, Allergan's Botox product had annual sales of nearly 4ドル billion.^[75]

In 2018, along with several other drug manufacturers and distributors, the company was sued by several municipalities and states in the U.S. due to the manufacture of opioids, which have been abused in what has been referred to as the opioid epidemic.^{[76] [77]}

In June 2019, U.S. pharmaceutical company AbbVie announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Allergan for 63ドル billion,^[7] which would return Allergan to the U.S. for tax purposes.^[8] On the announcement of the transaction, Abbvie disclosed that its 2019 net effective tax rate was 9%, but that post the acquisition, the Group's effective tax rate would rise to 13%. The merger was expected to close in 2020.^[8]

On May 8, 2020, AbbVie completed its acquisition of Allergan.