Mobile processor

Processor found in mobile devices

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Find sources: "Mobile processor" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2021)

An Intel Pentium Mobile, clocked at 300 MHz (1998)

A mobile processor is a microprocessor designed for mobile devices such as laptops and cell phones.

A CPU chip is designed for portable computers to run fanless, under 10 to 15W, which is cool enough without a fan.^[1] It is typically housed in a smaller chip package, but more importantly, in order to run cooler, it uses lower voltages than its desktop counterpart and has more sleep mode capability. A mobile processor can be throttled down to different power levels or sections of the chip can be turned off entirely when not in use. Further, the clock frequency may be stepped down under low processor loads. This stepping down conserves power and prolongs battery life.

In laptops

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One of the main characteristics differentiating laptop processors from other CPUs is low power consumption, which is not without tradeoffs: they also tend to not perform as well as their desktop counterparts.^[2]

The notebook processor has become an important market segment in the semiconductor industry. Notebook computers are a popular format of the broader category of mobile computers. The objective of a notebook computer is to provide the performance and functionality of a desktop computer in a portable size and weight.

Cell phones and PDAs use "system on a chip" integrated circuits that use less power than most notebook processors.

While it is possible to use desktop processors in laptops, this practice is generally not recommended, as desktop processors heat faster than notebook processors and drain batteries faster.

Examples

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Current

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ARM architecture (used in Chromebooks, Windows 10, Windows 11 laptops, Linux netbooks and recent Macs)
- Apple M series
- Huawei: HiSilicon Kirin
- MediaTek
- Nvidia: Tegra
- Qualcomm: Snapdragon
- Rockchip
- Samsung Electronics: Exynos
x86
- AMD: Ryzen, Athlon, and A-Series APU
- Intel: Xeon mobile, Core, Pentium, and Celeron

Former

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PowerPC
- Motorola and Freescale Semiconductor made PowerPC G4 processors for the pre-Intel Apple Computer notebooks.
x86
- Transmeta: Crusoe and Efficeon
- Intel: Pentium M
- AMD: Mobile Athlon II, Mobile Athlon 64, Mobile Sempron

References

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^ "Fanless computer boards are pushing 15W to the limit". 15 October 2015.
^ "Intel Processor Letter Meanings [2022 Guide]". 10 January 2022.

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Processor technologies

Models

Architecture

Instruction set
architectures

Types	Orthogonal instruction set CISC RISC Application-specific EDGE TRIPS VLIW EPIC MISC OISC NISC ZISC VISC architecture Quantum computing Comparison Addressing modes
Instruction sets	Motorola 68000 series VAX PDP-11 x86 ARM Stanford MIPS MIPS MIPS-X Power POWER PowerPC Power ISA Clipper architecture SPARC SuperH DEC Alpha ETRAX CRIS M32R Unicore Itanium OpenRISC RISC-V MicroBlaze LMC System/3x0 S/360 S/370 S/390 z/Architecture Tilera ISA VISC architecture Epiphany architecture Others

Execution

Instruction pipelining	Pipeline stall Operand forwarding Classic RISC pipeline
Hazards	Data dependency Structural Control False sharing
Out-of-order	Scoreboarding Tomasulo's algorithm Reservation station Re-order buffer Register renaming Wide-issue
Speculative	Branch prediction Memory dependence prediction

Parallelism

Level	Bit Bit-serial Word Instruction Pipelining Scalar Superscalar Task Thread Process Data Vector Memory Distributed
Multithreading	Temporal Simultaneous Hyperthreading Simultaneous and heterogenous Speculative Preemptive Cooperative
Flynn's taxonomy	SISD SIMD Array processing (SIMT) Pipelined processing Associative processing SWAR MISD MIMD SPMD

Processor
performance

Transistor count
Instructions per cycle (IPC)
- Cycles per instruction (CPI)
Instructions per second (IPS)
Floating-point operations per second (FLOPS)
Transactions per second (TPS)
Synaptic updates per second (SUPS)
Performance per watt (PPW)
Cache performance metrics
Computer performance by orders of magnitude

Types

By application	Embedded system Microprocessor Microcontroller Mobile Ultra-low-voltage ASIP Soft microprocessor
Systems on chip	System on a chip (SoC) Multiprocessor (MPSoC) Cypress PSoC Network on a chip (NoC)
Hardware accelerators	Coprocessor AI accelerator Graphics processing unit (GPU) Image processor Vision processing unit (VPU) Physics processing unit (PPU) Digital signal processor (DSP) Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) Secure cryptoprocessor Network processor Baseband processor

Word size

Core count

Components

Functional units	Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Address generation unit (AGU) Floating-point unit (FPU) Memory management unit (MMU) Load–store unit Translation lookaside buffer (TLB) Branch predictor Branch target predictor Integrated memory controller (IMC) Memory management unit Instruction decoder
Logic	Combinational Sequential Glue Logic gate Quantum Array
Registers	Processor register Status register Stack register Register file Memory buffer Memory address register Program counter
Control unit	Hardwired control unit Instruction unit Data buffer Write buffer Microcode ROM Counter
Datapath	Multiplexer Demultiplexer Adder Multiplier CPU Binary decoder Address decoder Sum-addressed decoder Barrel shifter
Circuitry	Integrated circuit 3D Mixed-signal Power management Boolean Digital Analog Quantum Switch

Power
management

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