Mator language
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| Mator | |
|---|---|
| Motor, Mator-Taigi-Karagas | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | northern Sayan Mountains |
| Ethnicity | Mators [ru], possibly also Soyots, Karagas |
| Extinct | 1839 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mtm |
mtm | |
ymt | |
| Glottolog | mato1250 nucl1288 |
| map of the Altay region in Siberia | |
| diagram denoting language status as extinct | |
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Mator or Motor is an extinct Samoyedic language, extinct since around 1839. It was spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia, close to the Mongolian north border. The speakers of Mator, Matorians or Mators [ru], lived in a wide area from the eastern parts of the Minusinsk District ( okrug ) along the Yenisei River to the region of Lake Baikal. Three dialects of Mator were recorded: Mator proper as well as Taygi and Karagas (occasionally portrayed as separate languages, but their differences are few). Mator was influenced by Mongolic, Tungusic and Turkic languages before it went extinct, and may have even been possibly influenced by the Iranic languages.[3] [page needed ] It went extinct as a result of the Mator people shifting linguistically to the related Kamas language or nearby Altaic-sprachbund languages, like Buryat, Soyot, Khakas, Evenki and Tatar.[4]
Today the term "Mator people" is simply a name of a seok of the Koibal, one of the five territorial sub-division groups of the Khakas. (Note that the name "Koibal" likewise derives from the related Samoyedic Koibal language).
Mator has been frequently grouped together with Selkup and Kamassian as "South Samoyedic". This is however a grouping by geographical area, and not considered to constitute an actual sub-branch of the Samoyedic languages.
Phonology
[edit ]Consonants
[edit ]| Bilabial | Dental/ | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | (p ) | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | (d ) | (d͡ʒ ) | (ɡ ) | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | (ʃ ) | h | ||
| voiced | (z ) | (ʒ ) | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | central | j | ||||
| lateral | l | |||||
Vowels
[edit ]| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||||
| Close | short | i | y | (ɨ ) | u |
| long | iː | yː | (ɨː )? | uː | |
| Mid | short | e | ø | ə | o |
| long | eː | øː ? | əː | oː | |
| Open | short | æ | a | ||
| long | æː | aː | |||
| Reduced | e̽ | ||||
Lexicon
[edit ]Below are some Mator words from Helimski 1997.[3] [page needed ]
- kälä
- fish
- mondoh
- root
- sörüh
- rain
- kaduh
- storm
- baada
- word
- kaasa
- human
- ämdä
- horn
- täjbä
- nail
- täär
- divide, share
- köhö
- winter
- öröh
- autumn
- teite
- four
- mən
- me, I
- tən
- you
- ter
- hair
- ajba
- head
- siime
- eye
References
[edit ]- ^ Rantanen, Timo; Vesakoski, Outi; Ylikoski, Jussi; Tolvanen, Harri (2021). "Geographical database of the Uralic languages". Zenodo (Data set). v. 1.0. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4784188 .
- ^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (8 June 2022). Wichmann, Søren (ed.). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE . 17 (6) e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 . ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9176854 . PMID 35675367.
- ^ a b Helimski 1997.
- ^ Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena, eds. (2022). The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198767664.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.
- ^ a b Helimski 1997, p. 70.
Bibliography
[edit ]- Helimski, Eugen (1997). Die Matorische Sprache: Wörterbuch – Grundzüge der Grammatik – Sprachgeschichte [The Mator Language: Dictionary – Principles of Grammar – Language History] (PDF). Studia Uralo-Altaica [Uralic-Altaic Studies] (in German). Vol. 41. University of Szeged. ISBN 9630481-881-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
External links
[edit ]- Mator–English glossary (archived 4 March 2016)
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