Manure-derived synthetic crude oil
Manure-derived synthetic crude oil is a synthetic bio-oil chemically engineered (converted) from animal or human manure. Research into the production of manure-derived synthetic fuel began with pig manure in 1996 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign by the research team led by professors Yuanhui Zhang and Lance Schideman.[1] [2] They developed a method for converting raw pig manure into bio-oil through thermal depolymerization (thermochemical conversion). This process uses a thermochemical conversion reactor to apply heat and pressure for breaking down carbohydrate materials.[3] [4] As a result, bio-oil, methane and carbon dioxide are produced.[5]
With further research, large-scale chemical processing in a refinery-style environment could help process millions of gallons of "pig biocrude" per day. However, this technology is still in its infancy and could produce only 18 US fluid ounces (530 ml) of oil per 1 US gallon (3.8 L; 0.83 imp gal) of manure.[3] In 2006, preparations for a construction of a pilot plant started.[6] It is developed by Snapshot Energy, a start-up firm.[1]
According to the tests conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology pig manure biocrude produced by current technology contains 15% water, sulfur and char waste containing heavy metals, which should be removed to improve the quality of oil.[7] [8]
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ a b Don Dodson (2009年07月05日). "New economic development chief well-versed in trade". The News-Gazette. Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ Nave, R. L. (2007年08月22日). "Energy hogs". Illinois Times . Retrieved 2009年10月09日.
- ^ a b Stefan Lovgren (2004年07月02日). "Pig Manure Converted to Crude Oil". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on July 3, 2004. Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ Dave Orrick (2006年04月28日). "When pigs fly? Researcher makes oil from manure". Associated Press . Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ Felipe Galindo (2004年04月20日). "How a Pig's Waste Became Oil". The New York Times . Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ "Manure to oil: Illinois team lays groundwork for pilot plant". Feedstuffs. 2006年04月03日. Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ "Pig poo to help solve global energy crisis?". The Times of India . 2008年06月13日. Retrieved 2009年08月28日.
- ^ "NIST: Pig Manure Crude Needs Much Refining". Environmental Protection Online. 1105 Media Inc. 2008年06月20日. Retrieved 2009年08月28日.