Malayan Union

Post-war federation of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca

Malayan Union Kesatuan Malaya (Malay)
1946–1948
Flag of Malayan Union Flag Coat of arms of Malayan Union Coat of arms
Location of the Malayan Union (dark blue) Location of the Malayan Union (dark blue)
Status	British colony
Capital and largest city	Kuala Lumpur 3°8′N 101°41′E / 3.133°N 101.683°E / 3.133; 101.683
Common languages	Malay (official) English
Religion	Sunni Islam (official) Buddhism Roman Catholicism Hinduism Protestantism Malaysian folk religion Animistic religion
King

• 1946–1948	George VI
Governor

• 1946–1948	Edward Gent
Historical era	Decolonisation

• Established	1 April 1946
• Disestablished	31 January 1948
Currency	Malayan dollar
Preceded by Succeeded by British Military Administration		Federation of Malaya

Today part ofMalaysia

Part of a series on the
History of Malaysia
Les isles de la Sonde, entre lesquelles sont Sumatra, Iava, Borneo, &c / par le Sr. Sanson d'Abbeville geographe du roy ; A. Peyrounin sculp
Prehistoric period Paleolithic Lenggong Valley c. 2,000,0000 BCE Mansuli Valley 235,000 BCE Mesolithic Niah cultures 65,000–40,000 BCE Neolithic Bewah man/woman 16,000 BCE Perak man/woman 11,000–200 BCE Neolithic Klang 500 – 200 BCE
Early kingdoms Ancient Kedah <100 BCE Chi Tu 100 BCE–642 CE Langkasuka 100 BCE–1474 CE Gangga Negara c. 100 CE–1025 Pan Pan 424–775 Old Kedah 170–1135 Old Pahang 449–1454 Srivijaya 700s–1025 Majapahit 1300s
Rise of Muslim states Kedah Sultanate 1136–present Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267–1521 Brunei Sultanate 1368–present Malacca Sultanate 1402–1511 Sulu Sultanate 1450–1899 Pahang Sultanate 1470–1623 Aceh Sultanate 1496–1903 Pattani Sultanate 1516– 1902 Johor Sultanate 1528–present Sarawak Sultanate 1599–1641 Selangor Sultanate 1766–present Besut Kingdom 1780–1899 Setul Kingdom 1808–1916 Reman Kingdom 1810–1902 Kubang Pasu Kingdom 1839–1864
Colonial period Portuguese Malacca 1511–1641 Dutch–Portuguese War 1601–1661 Dutch Malacca 1641–1824 Pahang Kingdom 1770–1881 Straits Settlements 1786–1946 Siamese invasion of Kedah 1821–1826 Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824 Burney Treaty 1826 Naning War 1831–1832 Kingdom of Sarawak 1841–1946 Separation of Perlis from Kedah 1843 Crown Colony of Labuan 1848–1946 Pahang Civil War 1857–1863 Larut Wars 1861–1874 Klang War 1867–1874 Pangkor Treaty 1874 Perak War 1875–1876 British Malaya / Borneo 1874–1946 Jementah Civil War 1879 North Borneo 1882–1946 Pahang Uprising 1891–1895 Mat Salleh Rebellion 1894–1905 Federated Malay States 1895–1946 Anglo-Siamese Treaty 1909 Unfederated Malay States 1909–1946 Battle of Penang 1914 Kelantan rebellion 1915
World War II Japanese occupation of Malaya / Borneo 1941–1945 Malayan campaign 1941–1942 Bornean Campaign 1941–1942 Battle of Muar 1942 Parit Sulong Massacre 1942 Battle of Singapore 1942 Sook Ching 1942 Syburi 1942 Sandakan Death Marches 1942–1945 Si Rat Malai 1943–1945 Jesselton revolt 1943–1944
Formative period BMA of Malaya/Borneo 1945–1946 Crown Colony of N. Borneo/Sarawak 1946–1963 Anti-cession movement 1946–1963 Malayan Union 1946–1948 Federation of Malaya 1948–1963 Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 Baling Talks 1955
Independence period Malayan Independence 1957 Singapore self-governance 1959 ISA 1960 1960–2012 Sarawak Insurgency 1962–1990 North Borneo self-governance 1963 Konfrontasi 1963–1966 Sarawak self-governance 1963 Formation of Malaysia 1963 Singapore in Malaysia 1963–1965 ASEAN Declaration 1967 Second communist insurgency 1968–1989
Modern period 13 May incident 1969 National Operations Council 1969–1971 Declaration of Rukun Negara 1970 New Economic Policy 1971–1990 Federal Territory of KL 1974 1977 Kelantan Emergency 1977 Pedra Branca dispute 1979–2008 South China Sea dispute (Spratly) 1980–present Dawn Raid 1981 Federal Territory of Labuan 1984 Memali incident 1985 Operation Lalang 1987 Constitutional crisis 1987–1988 Peace Agreement of Hat Yai 1989 Royal Immunity Amendments 1993 Asian financial crisis 1997–1998 Reformasi Movement 1998–2022 2008 Malaysian Opposition Wave 2008 H1N1 flu pandemic 2009–2010 Sedition Dragnet 2014 1MDB scandal 2015–present Pakatan Harapan takeover 2018 COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022 Political crisis 2020–2022 Bornean Amendment 2021–2023 Green Wave 2022–present
Incidents Brunei revolt 1962–1966 North Borneo dispute (Philippine militant attacks) 1962–present Singapore race riots 1964 Brunei's Limbang claim 1967–2009 Penang Hartal riot 1967 13 May Incident 1969 Ligitan and Sipadan dispute 1969–2002 Kuala Lumpur flash floods 1971 Malaysian haze crisis 1972–present AIA building hostage crisis 1975 National Monument bombing 1975 Campbell Shopping Complex fire 1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash 1976 Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident 1977 MH653 incident 1977 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 1985 Memali Incident 1985 Sabah Emergency 1986 Ming Court Affair 1987 Penang terminal bridge collapse 1988 Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire 1989 Bright Sparklers disaster 1991 Highland Towers collapse 1993 Genting landslide 1995 MH2133 incident 1995 Pos Dipang mudflow 1996 Tropical Storm Greg 1996 1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak 1998–1999 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 2000 Al-Ma'unah incident 2000 Sauk Siege 2000 2001 Kampung Medan riots 2001 2002 Taman Hillview landslide 2002 Indian Ocean tsunami 2004 2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods 2006–2007 Bukit Gantang bus crash 2007 Bukit Antarabangsa landslide 2008 H1N1 flu pandemic 2009 Attacks against places of worship 2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash 2010 Hulu Langat landslide 2011 Genting Highlands bus crash 2013 MH370 incident 2014 MH17 incident 2014 2014–15 Malaysia floods 2014–2015 Sabah earthquake 2015 2015 Plaza Low Yat riot 2015 Movida Bar grenade attack 2016 Kim Jong-nam's Assassination 2017 Darul Quran madrasa fire 2017 2018 Subang Temple riot 2018 2020-21 Malaysia floods 2021 LRT train collision 2021 2021-22 Malaysia floods 2021–2022 2022 Batang Kali landslide 2022 2023 Elmina plane crash 2023 2024 Lumut helicopters crash 2024 2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack 2024
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By region Kedah Kuala Lumpur Penang George Town Sabah Sarawak
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Part of the Independence of Malaya

Events
Early Malay nationalism Kesatuan Melayu Muda • Defenders of the Homeland Japanese occupation of Malaya British Military Administration Malayan Union All-Malaya Council of Joint Action Federation of Malaya Sungai Siput incident Malayan Emergency Federal Legislative Council Malayan Forum Communities Liaison Committee Briggs Plan Member System 1952 local elections 1955 General election Baling Talks Barnes Report Razak Report Treaty of London Reid Commission F. of Malaya Independence Act Parti Perikatan Merdeka Day Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement Article 160 UN Security Council Resolution 125 Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
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v t e

The Malayan Union (Malay: Kesatuan Malaya;^[1] Jawi: كساتوان مالايا) was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Following opposition by the ethnic Malays, the union was reorganised as the Federation of Malaya in 1948.

Formation of the Malayan Union

[edit ]

Prior to World War II, British Malaya consisted of three groups of polities: the protectorate of the Federated Malay States, five protected Unfederated Malay States and the crown colony of the Straits Settlements.

On 1 April 1946, the Malayan Union officially came into existence with Sir Edward Gent as its governor, combining the Federated Malay States, Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca under one administration. The capital of the Union was Kuala Lumpur. The former Straits Settlement of Singapore was administered as a separate crown colony.

The idea of the Union was first expressed by the British in October 1945 (plans had been presented to the War Cabinet as early as May 1944)^[1] in the aftermath of the Second World War by the British Military Administration. Sir Harold MacMichael was assigned the task of gathering the Malay state rulers' approval for the Malayan Union in the same month. In a short period of time, he managed to obtain all the Malay rulers' approval. The reasons for their agreement, despite the loss of political power that it entailed for the Malay rulers, has been much debated; the consensus appears to be that the main reasons were that as the Malay rulers were resident during the Japanese occupation, they were open to the accusation of collaboration, and that they were threatened with dethronement.^[2] Hence the approval was given, though it was with utmost reluctance.

When it was unveiled, the Malayan Union gave equal rights to people who wished to apply for citizenship. It was automatically granted to people who were born in any state in British Malaya or Singapore and were living there before 15 February 1942, born outside British Malaya or the Straits Settlements only if their fathers were citizens of the Malayan Union and those who reached 18 years old and who had lived in British Malaya or Singapore "10 out of 15 years before 15 February 1942". The group of people eligible for application of citizenship had to live in Singapore or British Malaya "for 5 out of 8 years preceding the application", had to be of good character, understand and speak the English or Malay language and "had to take an oath of allegiance to the Malayan Union". However, the citizenship proposal was never actually implemented. Due to opposition to the citizenship proposal, it was postponed then modified, which made it harder for many Chinese and Indian residents to obtain Malayan citizenship.^[3]

The Sultans, the traditional rulers of the Malay states, conceded all their powers to the British Crown except in religious matters. The Malayan Union was placed under the jurisdiction of a British Governor, signalling the formal inauguration of British colonial rule in the Malay peninsula. Moreover, while the State Councils were still kept functioning in the former Federated Malay States, they lost the limited autonomy that they enjoyed, left to administer only some less important local aspects of government, and became an extended hand of the Federal government in Kuala Lumpur. Also, British Residents replacing the Sultans as the head of the State Councils meant that the political status of the Sultans was greatly reduced.^[4]

A Supreme Court was established in 1946 of which Harold Curwen Willan was the only Chief Justice.^[5]

Opposition, dissolution of the Malayan Union and the creation of the Federation of Malaya

[edit ]

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Protest against the Malayan Union by Malays

The Malays generally opposed the creation of the Union. The opposition was due to the methods Sir Harold MacMichael used to acquire the Sultans' approval, the reduction of the Sultans' powers, and easy granting of citizenship to immigrants. The United Malays National Organisation or UMNO, a Malay political association formed by Dato' Onn bin Ja'afar on 10 May 1946, led the opposition against the Malayan Union. Malays also wore white bands around their heads, signifying their mourning for the loss of the Sultans' political rights.

After the inauguration of the Malayan Union, the Malays, under UMNO continued opposing the Malayan Union. They utilised civil disobedience as a means of protest by refusing to attend the installation ceremonies of the British governors. They had also refused to participate in the meetings of the Advisory Councils, hence Malay participation in the government bureaucracy and the political process had totally stopped. The British had recognised this problem and took measures to consider the opinions of the major races in Malaya before making amendments to the constitution. The Malayan Union was dissolved and replaced by the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948.

List of member states

[edit ]

Evolution towards Malaysia

[edit ]

Evolution of Malaysia

Notes

[edit ]

1. ^ Rarely used; often referred by its English name Malayan Union in textbooks and official material.

References

[edit ]

^ CAB 66/50 'Policy in Regard to Malaya and Borneo'
^ Ariffin Omar, Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community, 1945–1950 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 46. Cited in Ken'ichi Goto, Tensions of Empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2003), p. 222
^ Carnell, Malayan Citizenship Legislation, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 1952
^ Lee Kam Hing. "Road to Independence (1): Birth of Umno and Malayan Union". CPI. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
^ Ming Ho, Tak. Generations: The Story of Batu Gajah. p. 165.

Zakaria Haji Ahmad. Government and Politics (1940–2006). p.p 30–21. ISBN 981-3018-55-0.
Marissa Champion. Odyssey: Perspectives on Southeast Asia – Malaysia and Singapore 1870–1971. ISBN 9971-0-7213-0
Sejarah Malaysia [2]

Articles related to Malayan Union

v t e Protectorates and Crown colonies of British Malaya and Borneo
Malaya	Straits Settlements (1826–1946) Unfederated Malay States (1885–1946) Federated Malay States (1895–1946) Malayan Union (1946–1948) Crown Colony of Malacca (1946–1957) Crown Colony of Penang (1946–1957) Colony of Singapore (1946–1963) Federation of Malaya (1948–1957)
Borneo	Raj of Sarawak (1841–1946) Crown Colony of Labuan (1848–1946) North Borneo (1882–1946) Brunei (1888–1984) Crown Colony of Sarawak (1946–1963) Crown Colony of North Borneo (1946–1963)

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¹²Now ^†Namibia
¹³League of Nations mandate. British Cameroons is now part of ^†Cameroon, while Tanganyika is part of ^†Tanzania.
¹⁴Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
¹⁵Now ^†Zambia

Asia

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- Federated States 1895–1946
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Padang 1781–1784 and 1795–1819
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Sarawak 1841–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
^†Singapore 1946–1963
South Vietnam 1945–1946
Straits Settlements 1826–1946
Transjordan 1921–1946
Trucial States 1892–1971
Weihai 1898–1930

¹⁸Now ^†India, ^†Pakistan and ^†Bangladesh
¹⁹League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
²⁶Legitimacy of territorial establishment disputed

North America

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Oceania

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²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985

v t e Malaysia Protests in Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur	1946–47 anti-Malayan Union protests 1947 All-Malaya Hartal 1967 Keranda 152 rally 1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations 13 May 1969 riots 1969 PMUM Anti-Tunku demonstrations 1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations 1971 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1983 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1993 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1998–2000s Reformasi demonstrations 2001 Kampung Medan riots 2007 BERSIH 1.0 rally 2007 HINDRAF rally 2008 Black 14 rally 2008 Malaysian fuel hike protests 2009 Keranda 152 rally 2009 anti-ISA rally 2009 anti-Menteri Besar Terengganu rally 2010 Water for People rally 2011 anti-Peaceful Assembly Act rally 2011 BERSIH 2.0 rally Occupy Dataran 2012 Free Anwar 901 rally 2012 BERSIH 3.0 rally 2012 anti-Lynas rally 2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests 2013 KL 112, People’s Uprising rally 2013 Blackout 505 rallies 2013 Ops Turun, anti-price hike rally 2014 Red Pencil protest 2014 May Day anti-GST rally 2015 Rakyat Hakim Negara rally 2015 Kita Lawan, May Day anti-GST rally 2015 #TangkapNajib rally 2015 Low Yat Plaza riot 2015 BERSIH 4.0 rally 2015 United People's rally 2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally 2016 anti-TPPA rally 2016 Keranda 152 rally 2016 Muafakat Selamatkan Malaysia rally 2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally 2016 BERSIH 5.0 rally 2018 anti-ICERD rally September 2019 climate strikes 2021 Lawan protests
Perak	2009 Perak constitutional crisis 2009 1BLACKMalaysia protests
Penang	1867 Penang riots 1967 Penang Hartal riot
Sarawak	1946–50 anti-cession movement of Sarawak 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis Sarawak rainforest blockades 2015 Sarawak for Sarawakians rally
Sabah	1986 Sabah riots
Other	1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations 1964 race riots in Singapore 1967 Teluk Gong demonstrations 1974 Baling demonstrations 1974 Tasek Utara, Johor demonstrations 1977 Kelantan riots 1985 Memali riots 1993 Sultan of Kelantan demonstrations 1998 Kampung Rawa riots 2007 Terengganu riot 2009 cow's head protests 2009 anti-PPSMI rally 2011 Gathering of a Million Faithful 2012 Orange rally 2012 Green Rally to Putrajaya 2012 People's Lands rally 2015 Taman Medan anti-cross protest 2015 Penang villagers protests 2018 Seafield temple riots
Student activism in Malaysia The Big Durian (2003 film) Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka (2007 film) Malaysian Gods (2009 film) Tanda Putera (2013 film)

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Europe

Akrotiri and Dhekelia since 1960 (before as part of Cyprus)
Corsica 1794–1796
^†Cyprus 1878–1960
Gibraltar since 1713
Heligoland 1807–1890
Ionian Islands 1809–1864
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Kingdom of Ireland 1542–1800 (integrated into the UK)
- Free State 1921–1931
^†Malta
- Protectorate 1800–1813
- Colony 1813–1964
Minorca 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802

Africa

Ascension Island ²³ since 1815
Basutoland (^†Lesotho) 1868–1966
Bechuanaland (^†Botswana) 1884–1966
Cameroons ¹³ 1919–1961
Cape Colony 1795–1803
Cape of Good Hope 1806–1910
Central Africa 1891–1907
East Africa 1895–1920
Egypt 1882–1922
^†The Gambia 1816–1965
Gold Coast (^†Ghana) 1874–1957
^†Kenya 1920–1963
Lagos 1862–1906
Madeira 1807–1808
^†Mauritius 1810–1968
Natal 1856–1910
Niger Coast 1884–1900
^†Nigeria 1914–1960
Northern Nigeria 1900–1914
Northern Rhodesia ¹⁵ 1924–1964
Nyasaland 1891–1964
Orange River 1900–1910
Saint Helena ²³ since 1658
^†Seychelles 1903–1976
^†Sierra Leone 1792–1961
Somaliland 1884–1960
^†South Africa 1910–1931
South-West Africa ¹² 1915–1931
Southern Rhodesia ¹⁴ 1923–1965 and 1979–1980
Southern Nigeria 1900–1914
^†Swaziland 1893–1968
Sudan 1899–1956
Tanganyika ¹³ 1922–1961
Transvaal 1900–1910
Tristan da Cunha ²³ since 1816
^†Uganda 1890–1962
Zanzibar 1890–1963
Zululand 1887–1897

¹²Now ^†Namibia
¹³League of Nations mandate. British Cameroons is now part of ^†Cameroon, while Tanganyika is part of ^†Tanzania.
¹⁴Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
¹⁵Now ^†Zambia

Asia

Aden Colony 1839–1967
Afghanistan 1839–1842
- Protectorate 1879–1919
Bencoolen 1685–1824
Banka and Billiton 1812–1824
Bengal 1757–1947
Bhutan (protectorate) 1907–1949
Borneo 1874–1963
British Indian Ocean Territory since 1965 (before as part of Mauritius and Seychelles)²⁶
Burma 1824–1948
^†Brunei 1888–1984
^†Ceylon 1795–1948
^†Cyprus 1878–1960
Hong Kong 1841–1997
^†India ¹⁸ 1858–1947
Java 1811–1816
Kuwait 1918–1961
Labuan 1848–1946
Malaya 1819–1826
- Federated States 1895–1946
- Unfederated States 1885–1946
- Union 1946–1948
- Federation 1948–1957
Malacca 1824–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1957
^†Maldives 1796–1965
Manila and Cavite 1762–1764
Mesopotamia ¹⁹ 1920–1932
Muscat and Oman 1891–1971
North Borneo 1882–1963
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
Padang 1781–1784 and 1795–1819
Palestine ¹⁹ 1923–1948
Penang 1786–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1957
Pulo Condore 1702–1705
Sarawak 1841–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
^†Singapore 1946–1963
South Vietnam 1945–1946
Straits Settlements 1826–1946
Transjordan 1921–1946
Trucial States 1892–1971
Weihai 1898–1930

¹⁸Now ^†India, ^†Pakistan and ^†Bangladesh
¹⁹League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
²⁶Legitimacy of territorial establishment disputed

North America

Anguilla since 1650
*Antigua 1632–1860
*Antigua and Barbuda 1860–1981
^†*Bahamas 1670–1973
^†Barbados 1624–1966
Bay Islands 1643–1860
^†*Belize 1871–1981
Bermuda since 1619
British Arctic Territories 16th c.–1880
British Columbia 1858–1866
- 1866–1871
Cape Breton Island 1754–1820
^†Dominica 1763–1978
East Florida 1763–1783
^†*Grenada 1762–1974
^†*Canada
- Lower 1791–1841
- Upper 1791–1841
- Province 1841–1867
- Dominion 1867–1931
Carolina 1663–1712
Cayman Islands since 1670
Columbia District/Oregon Country 1818–1846
Connecticut 1636–1776
Delaware 1701–1776
East Jersey 1674–1702
Georgia 1733–1776
^†*Jamaica 1655–1962
Leeward Islands 1671–1816, 1833–1960
Massachusetts Bay 1629–1691
- Province, 1691–1776
Maryland 1632–1776
Montserrat since 1632
Mosquito Coast 1655–1860
Nevis 1628–1983
New Albion 1579
New Brunswick 1784–1867
New England 1686–1689
New Hampshire 1680–1776
New Haven 1637–1662
New Jersey 1665–1674 and 1702–1776
New York 1664–1776
Newfoundland 1907–1949
Newfoundland and Labrador 1583–1907
North Carolina 1712–1776
North-Western Territory 1859–1870
Nova Scotia 1713–1867
Paulet affair 1843
Prince Edward Island 1763–1873
Pennsylvania 1681–1776
Plymouth 1620–1691
Quebec 1763–1791* Queen Charlotte Islands 1853–1863
Rhode Island 1636–1776
Rupert's Land 1670–1870
Saint Croix 1625–1650
Saint Kitts 1623–1983
^†*Saint Kitts and Nevis 1882–1983
^†*Saint Lucia 1605–1979
^†*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1627–1979
Saybrook 1635–1644
South Carolina 1712–1776
Stickeen 1862–1863
^†Trinidad and Tobago 1889–1962
Turks and Caicos Islands since 1799
Vancouver Island 1849–1866
Virgin Islands since 1666
Virginia 1607–1776
West Florida 1763–1783
West Indies Federation 1958–1962
- Associated States 1967–1983
West Jersey 1674–1702
Windward Islands 1833–1960

v
t
e

Oceania

18th and 19th centuries 20th century

New South Wales 1788–1901
Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1803–1901
Auckland Islands ²⁰ 1807–1863
New Hebrides ²¹ 1824–1980
Queensland 1824–1901
Swan River/Western Australia 1829–1901
South Australia 1836–1901
Pitcairn Islands since 1838
New Zealand 1841–1907
North Australia 1846–1847
Victoria 1851–1901
^†Fiji 1874–1970
Western Pacific Territories 1877–1976
Papua 1884–1902
Rarotonga/Cook Islands ²⁰ 1888–1901
Union Islands ²⁰ 1889–1948
Gilbert and Ellice Islands ²² 1892–1979
^†*Solomon Islands 1893–1978

^†Tonga 1900–1970
Niue ²⁰ 1900–1974
^†*Australia 1901–1942
^†*New Zealand 1907–1947
^†Samoa 1914–1962
^†Nauru 1919–1942 and 1945–1968

²⁰Now part of the ^†Realm of New Zealand
²¹Now ^†Vanuatu
²²Now ^†Kiribati and ^†*Tuvalu

South America
Providence Island 1631–1641 Willoughbyland 1651–1667 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands ⁴ 1670–1688 ^†Guiana 1831–1966 Falkland Islands ⁵ since 1833 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ⁵ since 1908
⁴Now a department of Colombia ⁵Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.

Antarctica and the South Atlantic

Saint Helena ²³ since 1658
Ascension Island ²³ since 1815
Tristan da Cunha ²³ since 1816
Falkland Islands since 1833
^†Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia) 1841–1933
^†Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand) 1841–1947
British Antarctic Territory ²⁴ since 1908
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ²⁵ since 1908

²³Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
²⁴Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the Antarctic Treaty.
²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985

3°08′N 101°42′E / 3.133°N 101.700°E / 3.133; 101.700

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malayan_Union&oldid=1265737363"

Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata
International	VIAF
National	United States Israel

Formation of the Malayan Union

Opposition, dissolution of the Malayan Union and the creation of the Federation of Malaya

List of member states

Evolution towards Malaysia

See also

Notes

References