List of suicides (1–999 AD)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: List of suicides
The following notable people have died by suicide. This includes suicides effected under duress and excludes deaths by accident or misadventure. People who may or may not have died by their own hand, whose intent to die is disputed, or who are alleged to have been killed, may be listed.
Confirmed
[edit ]A
[edit ]- Vibulenus Agrippa (36 AD), Roman equestrian, poison[1]
- Andragathius (388 AD), Roman general and Magister equitum who assassinated emperor Gratian, drowned in the sea[2]
- Publius Anteius Rufus (67 AD), Roman politician, drank poison and cut his veins[3]
- Marcus Gavius Apicius (before 40 AD), Roman socialite, gourmet and man of great wealth, poison[4] [5]
- Arbogast (394 AD), Roman general[6]
- Arria (42 AD), Roman wife of Caecina Paetus an alleged conspirator against Emperor Claudius, stabbed herself[7]
B
[edit ]- Junius Blaesus (31 AD), Roman consul, general and governor of Africa, fell on a sword[8]
- Bonosus (280 AD), Roman usurper, hanging[9]
- Boudica (61 AD), Queen of the Iceni, poison[10]
C
[edit ]- Cai Lun (121 AD), Chinese eunuch court official, imperial adviser, inventor of paper and the modern papermaking process, poison[11]
- Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus (42 AD), Roman politician, consul and rebel against Emperor Claudius [12]
D
[edit ]- Decebalus (106 AD), King of Dacia [13]
- Decentius (353 AD), Roman usurper[14]
- Demonax (c. 170 AD), Greek Cypriot Cynic philosopher, starved himself to death[15]
- Julia Domna (217 AD), Roman empress, second wife of Emperor Septimius Severus [16]
E
[edit ]- Epicharis (65 AD), Roman leading member of the Pisonian conspiracy, strangled herself with a band of cloth[17]
- Ermanaric (376 AD), king of the Greuthungi [18]
- Euphrates the Stoic (118 AD), Roman Stoic philosopher, hemlock poisoning[19]
F
[edit ]G
[edit ]
H
[edit ]I
[edit ]- Silius Italicus (c.103 AD), Roman consul, orator, author and poet, starvation[23]
J
[edit ]- Ji Yan (224 AD), Chinese official of the state of Eastern Wu, bureaucrat and reformer[24]
- Empress Jingyin (82 AD), Chinese imperial consort for Emperor Zhang of Han also known as Consort Song[11]
K
[edit ]L
[edit ]- Titus Labienus (8 AD), Roman lawyer, orator and historian[25]
- Lu Zhaolin (684 or 686 AD), Chinese poet, drowning in the Ying River [26]
- Lucan (65 AD), Roman poet, cut veins[27]
M
[edit ]- Naevius Sutorius Macro (38 AD), Roman prefect of the Praetorian Guard [28]
- Magnentius (353 AD), Roman usurper[14]
- Titus Clodius Eprius Marcellus (79 AD), Roman consul and senator, slit his throat with a razor[29]
- Maximian (310 AD), Roman emperor[30]
N
[edit ]- Nero (68 AD), Roman emperor, ordered his secretary to kill him[31]
- Marcus Cocceius Nerva (33 AD), Roman jurist, official and confidant of Tiberius, starvation[32]
O
[edit ]P
[edit ]- Caecina Paetus (42 AD), Roman alleged conspirator against Emperor Claudius, stabbed himself[7]
- Peregrinus Proteus (165 AD), Greek early Christian convert and later Cynic philosopher from Mysia, immolated himself on a funeral pyre during the Olympic Games [34]
- Petronius (66 AD), Roman senator, consul, courtier and novelist, opening his veins[35]
- Gaius Calpurnius Piso (65 AD), Roman senator, orator, advocate and leading member of the Pisonian conspiracy, slit his wrists[36]
- Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (20 AD), Roman statesman and consul, cut his throat[37]
- Polemon of Laodicea (144 AD), Roman sophist, rhetorician and strategos, locked himself in his family tomb[38]
- Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus (105 AD), Roman senator and general, swallowing poison[39]
- Poenius Postumus (61 AD), Roman praefectus castrorum of the Legion II Augusta, fell upon his sword[10]
Q
[edit ]- Quintillus (270 AD), Roman emperor, opening his veins[40]
R
[edit ]- Quintus Corellius Rufus (before 113 AD), Roman senator, consul, confidant and teacher of Pliny the Younger, refusing food and treatment for his illnesses[41]
S
[edit ]
- Marcus Ostorius Scapula (65 AD), Roman senator, consul and military tribune, severed his veins and stabbed himself with help from a slave[42]
- Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (34 AD), Roman rhetorician, poet, senator and consul[43]
- Seneca the Younger (65 AD), Roman philosopher, cut his veins[44] [45]
- Marcus Sedatius Severianus (161 or 162 AD), Roman senator, consul and general, starved himself[46]
- Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (34 AD), Roman senator, followed by his wife Sextia[43]
- Barea Soranus (66 AD), Roman consul, senator and governor of Asia [47]
- Sporus (69 AD), Roman boy whom the emperor Nero had castrated and married, stabbed his throat with a dagger[48]
T
[edit ]- Ofonius Tigellinus (69 AD), Roman prefect of the Praetorian Guard, cut his throat with a razor[49]
U
[edit ]V
[edit ]- Publius Quinctilius Varus (9 AD), Roman general, fell upon his sword[50]
- Marcus Julius Vestinus Atticus (65 AD), Roman senator and consul, opening his veins[51]
- Lucius Antistius Vetus (65 AD), Roman senator, consul and governor of Germania Superior [52]
- Lucius Annius Vinicianus (42 AD), Roman senator, plotter of the assassination of Caligula, rebel against Claudius [53]
W
[edit ]X
[edit ]Y
[edit ]Z
[edit ]Possible or disputed
[edit ]- Clodius Albinus (197 AD), Roman emperor, killed himself after a defeat in battle (possibly executed by Septimius Severus)[54]
- Judas Iscariot (AD 30 or 33), Apostle turned betrayer of Jesus, hanged himself according to the Gospel of Matthew;[55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] the Book of Acts suggests he died in an accidental fall,[65] [66] [67] while the apocryphical Gospel of Judas suggests he was stoned to death by the other Apostles[68]
See also
[edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to People who died by suicide .
References
[edit ]- ↑ "Cassius Dio". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ↑ Orosius, Paulus (2010). Seven Books of History Against the Pagans. Liverpool University Press. p. 388. ISBN 978-1-84631-239-7. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
- ↑ Tacitus, Annals , 16.14
- ↑ "Of Consolation: To Helvia - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ↑ passtheflamingo (December 6, 2017). "Ancient Eaters: Marcus Gavius Apicius, the Other Other One (Roman, 1st century CE)". Pass The Flamingo: Ancient Food History and Recipes. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ↑ Frassetto, Michael (2013). "Arbogast (d. 394)". The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne, Volume 1: A-M. Abc-Clio. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-59884-996-7. Archived from the original on July 11, 2023. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
- 1 2 "Pliny: Letters - Book 3". www.attalus.org. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ↑ Tacitus (29-31 AD). Book 5, V.7 Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine , Annals . Translation based on Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb, Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Augustan History, The Lives of Firmus, Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus Chapter 15 Archived May 23, 2024, at the Wayback Machine . University of Chicago. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- 1 2 Tacitus (59-62 AD). Book 14, Chapter 37 Archived May 23, 2024, at the Wayback Machine , Annals. Perseus Project. Tufts University. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- 1 2 de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD). Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 27. ISBN 9789047411840. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LX., 15.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 68, Chapter 14, Loeb Classical Library edition (1924). University of Chicago. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
- 1 2 Zosimus, New History Book 2, Chapter 65, London: Green and Chaplin (1814). Transcribed by Roger Pearse (2002). Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ↑ Lucian, Demonax, 65
- ↑ Birley, Anthony (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, Routledge, p. 192. ISBN 0-203-02859-7.
- ↑ Tacitus (62-65 AD). Book 15, Chapter 57, Annals. Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus (380s AD). Res Gestae, Book 31, Chapter 3, Section 2. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 69, Chapter 8. University of Chicago.
- ↑ Zosimus, New History Book 5, Chapter 140, London: Green and Chaplin (1814). Transcribed by Roger Pearse (2002). Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ↑ Chen Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms , Book of Wei, Volume 8: Biographies of the two Gongsuns, Tao, and the four Zhangs.
- ↑ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians 16.3
- ↑ Pliny The Younger. "Letter To Caninius Rufus". Pliny the Younger: Letters: Book 3. Translated by J.B.Firth (1900). Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- ↑ Chen Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wu, Volume 57: Biographies of Yu, Lu, Zhang, Luo, Lu, Wu, and Zhu.
- ↑ Holland, Tom (2015). Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the House of Caesar. New York: Random House. p. 260.
- ↑ Mair, Victor H. (2013). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-231-52851-1.
- ↑ Tacitus (62-65 AD). Book XV, Chapter 70.1. Annals. Scholars have vainly tried to locate Lucan's last words in his work but no passage in Lucan's extant poem exactly matches Tacitus's description at Annals 15.70.1. See, e.g., P. Asso, "A Commentary on Lucan 'De Bello Civili IV.'" Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010, p. 9n38.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History Book 59, Chapter 10. 1924. University of Chicago. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 65, Chapter 16. 1925. University of Chicago. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (2018). "Chapter 1: The Beginning of The End: The Conversion of Constantine". The Triumph of Christianity: How a Forbidden Religion Swept the World. Simon & Schuster. p. 31.
- ↑ Bunson, Matthew (2009). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1027-1 . Retrieved October 28, 2013.
- ↑ Tacitus (32-37 AD). Book 6, Chapter 26, The Annals. Wikisource. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ↑ Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Life of Otho, 17.3
- ↑ Lucian, De Morte Peregrini , 35-36.
- ↑ Tacitus (65-66 AD). Book 16, Chapter 19. Annals. Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Tacitus (62-65 AD). Book 15, Chapter 59, Annals. Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Tacitus (20-22 AD). Book 3, Chapter 15, Annals. Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Kennedy, George A. (2009). A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton University Press. p. 238.
- ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 68, Chapter 12, Loeb Classical Library edition (1924). University of Chicago. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
- ↑ Zosimus, New History Book 1, Chapter 25, London: Green and Chaplin (1814), Transcribed by Roger Pearse, Ipswich (2002). Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Pliny the Younger, Letter to Calestrius Tiro. Letters: Book One. Translated by J.B.Firth (1900). Attalus. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ↑ Tacitus, The Annals Book 16, Chapter 15. Wikisource. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- 1 2 Tacitus (32-37 AD). Book 6, Chapter 29, Annals, University of Chicago.
- ↑ Tacitus (62-65 AD). Book 15, Chapter 63, Annals.
- ↑ Tacitus Translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (2007). The Annals of Imperial Rome Book XV (New York, Barnes & Noble). p 341
- ↑ Lucian How to Write History 21, 14, 25
- ↑ Tacitus (65-66 AD). Book 16, Chapter 33, Annals, Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars: The Life of Nero, Chapter 49, Loeb Classical Library (1914), University of Chicago. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Tacitus (c. 100–110 AD). Histories Book 1, Chapter 72, Loeb Classical Library edition of Tacitus (1925). University of Chicago.
- ↑ "Publius Quinctilius Varus". Encyclopædia Britannica . July 20, 1998. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- ↑ Tacitus (62-65 AD). Annals Book 15, Chapter 69, Wikisource. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Tacitus (65-66 AD). Annals Book 16, Chapters 10-11, Loeb Classical Library edition of Tacitus (1937). University of Chicago. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ↑ Barrett, Anthony A. (2016). The Emperor Nero: A Guide to the Ancient Sources. p. 205.
- ↑ Collingwood, Robin George; Myres, John Nowell Linton (1998). "Severeus and Albinus". Roman Britain and English Settlements. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-8196-1160-4 . Retrieved January 27, 2009.
- ↑ "Matthew", The King James Bible, retrieved October 21, 2025
- ↑ Smith, Barry D. (2010). The Meaning of Jesus's Death: Reviewing the New Testament's Interpretations. T&T Clark. p. 93. ISBN 978-0567670694 . Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented their Stories of the Savior. New York City: HarperOne. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-0-06-228520-1. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
- ↑ "Easton's Bible Dictionary: Judas". christnotes.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ Raymond E. Brown, An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 114. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
- ↑ Charles Talbert, Reading Acts: A Literary and Theological Commentary, Smyth & Helwys (2005) p. 15. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
- ↑ Frederick Dale Bruner, Matthew: A Commentary, Eerdmans (2004), p. 703. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
- ↑ Reed, David A. (2005). "'Saving Judas': A Social Scientific Approach to Judas's Suicide in Matthew 27:3–10" (PDF). Biblical Theology Bulletin. 35 (2): 51–59. doi:10.1177/01461079050350020301. S2CID 144391749. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2007. Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ Theophylact on Matthew, Chapter 27 Retrieved 21 October 2025.[permanent dead link ], 3-5.
- ↑ "Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 27:5 – Revised Standard Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ Zwiep, Arie W. (2004). Judas and the Choice of Matthias: A Study on Context and Concern of Acts 1:15–26. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe. Vol. 187. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 16–17, 109. ISBN 978-3-16-148452-0 . Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ "Bible Gateway passage: Acts 1:18 – Revised Standard Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved October 21, 2025.
- ↑ "Matthew 27 – Jesus' Trial, Death, and Burial". Enduring World. December 9, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2025.[unreliable source? ]
- ↑ "Gospel of Judas 44–45" (PDF). National Geographic Society . Archived from the original (PDF) on September 11, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2025.