Jump to content
Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

List of earthquakes in Italy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The seismic hazard map of Italy showing the probability of seismic activity for different places in Italy.
Map of earthquakes in Italy 1900-2017
Earthquakes M5.5+ (1900–2016) Mediterranean

This is a list of earthquakes in Italy that had epicentres in Italy, or significantly affected the country. On average every four years an earthquake with a magnitude equal to or greater than 5.5 occurs in Italy.[1]

Due to the particular geodynamic situation (convergence of the Eurasian plate with the African plate) the Italian territory is frequently subject to earthquakes, giving it the record in Europe for these phenomena.[2] Out of 1,300 destructive earthquakes that occurred in the 2nd millennium in the central Mediterranean Sea, 500 affected Italy.[3]

The analysis of the earthquakes indicates that they are mostly distributed along the areas affected by Alpine and Apennine tectonics, where they are caused by movements along faults.[4] The highest seismicity hazard in Italy has been concentrated in the central-southern part of the peninsula, along the Apennine ridge, in Calabria and Sicily and in some northern areas, like Friuli-Venezia Giulia, part of Veneto and western Liguria.

Geology

[edit ]

Italy lies on the southern extent of the Eurasian plate, which is surrounded by the Aegean Sea plate, the Adriatic plate, and the Anatolian sub-plate. The Apennine Mountains contain numerous faults that run along the entire Italian peninsula and form the majority of the destructive boundary between the Eurasian and the Adriatic plates, thus causing Italy to have high amounts of tectonic activity. In addition, Sicily and Calabria are located near the boundary where the African plate is subducting below the Eurasian plate, which was responsible for forming the stratovolcano known as Mount Etna.

List of major earthquakes

[edit ]
Date Region Mag. MMI Deaths Injuries Notes Ref
2023年09月18日 Tuscany 5.1 Mw  VI 1 1 Severe damage [5] [6]
2023年03月09日 Umbria 4.3 Mw 
4.6 Mw  		IV 13 Severe damage [7] [8]
2022年11月09日 Pesaro-Urbino 5.6 Mw  VI 11 Moderate damage [9] [10]
2020年02月24日 Calabria 4.8 Mw  VI 1 Moderate damage [11] [12]
2018年12月26日 Sicily 5.0 Mw  VII 30 Several buildings damaged [13] [14]
2018年08月16日 Molise 5.3 Mw  VI 2 Moderate damage [15] [16]
2017年08月21日 Campania 4.2 Mw VI 2 42
2017年01月18日 Abruzzo, Lazio 5.7 Mw VIII 34 29 Sequence
2016年10月30日 Umbria 6.6 Mw XI 3 (indirect) Dozens Sequence / extensive damage
2016年08月24日 Lazio, Umbria, Marche 6.2 Mw XI 299 >400
2013年06月21日 Tuscany 5.2 Mw V 4 [17] [18]
2013年02月16日 Lazio 4.8 Mw  V 1 (indirect) [19] [20]
2012年05月29日 Emilia-Romagna 5.8 Mw VII 20 350
2012年05月20日 Emilia-Romagna 6.1 Mw VII 5 (+2 indirect) 50
2010年08月16日 Sicily 4.5 Mw  7 Landslides [21] [22]
2009年04月06日 L'Aquila 6.3 Mw X 309 1,500+ Severe damage
2004年11月24日 Lombardy, Salò 5.1 Mw VII–VIII * 9 Many buildings damaged [23]
2003年09月14日 Emilia-Romagna 5.3 Mw VII Some 10 buildings damaged [24]
2003年04月11日 Piedmont, Alessandria 5.0 Mb VI * 2 [25]
2002年11月01日 Molise 5.8 Mw 3 Doublet / additional damage [26]
2002年10月31日 Molise 5.9 30 Doublet
2002年09月06日 Sicily 6.0 Mw 2 20 Heart attacks / damage [27]
2001年07月17日 Trentino-Alto Adige 4.7 Mw VI * 3 3 Landslides [28]
1998年09月09日 Basilicata, Calabria 5.6 Mw VI–VII * 2 12 Buildings damaged [29]
1997年09月26日 Umbria, Marche 6.1 9 Doublet
1997年09月26日 Umbria, Foligno 5.7 2 Doublet
1991年05月26日 Basilicata, Potenza 5.1 Mb VIII A few Minor damage [30]
1990年12月13日 Sicily, Augusta 5.6 Mw VII 19 200 Severe damage [31]
1990年05月05日 Basilicata, Campania 5.8 Mw VII 2 16 [32]
1987年05月02日 Emilia-Romagna 4.8 Mb VII 1 Several Slight damage [33]
1985年03月14日 Molise 4.3 Mw V 1 Slight damage [34]
1984年05月07日 Abruzzo, Lazio 5.9 Mw VIII 3 100 Extensive damage [35]
1984年04月29日 Umbria, Gubbio 5.7 Mw VIII 36 Extensive damage [36]
1983年11月09日 Emilia-Romagna 5.1 Mw VIII 100 Some damage [37]
1980年11月23日 Campania, Basilicata 6.9 Mw X 2,483–4,900 7,700–8,934 Extreme damage
1979年09月19日 Umbria, Norcia 5.8 Ms 5 5,000 Severe damage NGDC
1978年04月15日 Gulf of Patti, Sicily 5.7 Ms 5 Moderate damage NGDC
1978年03月11日 Sicily 5.0 Ms 2 2 Moderate damage NGDC
1976年09月15日 Friuli 5.9/6.0 8 (+3 indirect) Aftershock
1976年09月11日 Friuli 5.8/5.6 2 (indirect) Aftershock
1976年05月06日 Friuli 6.5 Mw X 900–978 1,700–2,400 Extreme damage
1972年06月14日 Ancona 4.9 IX Extensive damage / swarm [38]
1971年07月15日 Emilia-Romagna 5.2 Mb VIII * 2 Limited damage NGDC
1971年02月06日 Lazio 4.6 Mb VIII 24 150 Extreme damage NGDC
1969年08月11日 Perugia 4.7 Ms VII 4 Limited damage NGDC
1968年01月15日 Western Sicily 5.5 Mw X 231–400 632–1,000 Sequence
1962年08月21日 Irpinia, Campania 6.1 IX * 16 Moderate damage
1943年10月03日 Offida, Marche 5.5 Mw IX 15 Very heavy damage [39]
1936年10月18日 Cansiglio 5.9 ML IX 19
1933年09月26日 Abruzzo 5.6 Mw IX 10 Some damage [40] [41]
1930年10月30日 Senigallia, Marche 5.9 18
1930年07月23日 Irpinia 6.6 Ms X 1,404 4,624–7,000
1920年09月07日 Garfagnana 6.4 171 [42]
1917年04月26日 Northern Umbria 5.8 20
1915年01月13日 Avezzano 6.7 Mw XI 29,978–32,610 Extreme damage
1914年05月08日 Sicily 4.9 Ms X 120 Severe damage NGDC
1908年12月28日 Strait of Messina 7.1 Mw XI 75,000–200,000 Extreme damage / tsunami
1907年10月23日 Calabria 5.9 Ms VIII–X 158–167 Moderate damage NGDC
1905年09月08日 Calabria 7.2 Mw XI 557–2,500 Tsunami
1901年10月30日 Salò 5.5 Mw VII–VIII Collapsed buildings [43]
1894年11月16日 Strait of Messina, Sicily, Calabria 6.0 IX 100 Severe damage [44]
1887年02月23日 Liguria 6.2–6.5 >2,000 Significant damage / tsunami [45] [46]
1883年07月28日 Ischia 4.3–5.2 Mw XI 2,313 Near total destruction on in Ischia
1873年06月29日 Veneto 6.3 Me IX–X 80
1857年12月16日 Basilicata 7.0 Mw XI 10,000 Extreme damage
1851年08月14日 Basilicata 700–2,000+ Many buildings damaged [47] [48]
1836年04月25日 Calabria 6.1 X 239 Severe damage [49]
1831年05月26日 Taggia, Sanremo 5.5 VIII-IX Moderate damage [50]
1828年10月09日 Ligurian Apennines, province of Alessandria 5.8 VII-VIII 19 Moderate damage [51]
1808年04月02日 Piedmont 5.7 VIII 2 Moderate damage [52]
1805年07月26日 Campania, Molise 6.6 Me X 5,573 Extreme damage
1802年05月12日 Lombardy, Cremona 5.7 Mw VIII-IX 2 Collapsed churches, houses, and a municipal building [53] [54] [55]
1783年02月04日 Calabria 7.0 50,000 [42]
1762年10月06日 L'Aquila 5.3–6.0 Mw IX Damage [56]
1743年02月20日 Salento 7.1 Mw IX 180–300
1732年11月29日 Campania 6.6 Thousands [57]
1706年11月03日 Abruzzo 6.6-6.84 Mw X 2,400 Extreme damage
1703年02月12日 L'Aquila 6.7 XI 2,500–5,000
1703年01月16日 Montereale 6.2 VIII
1703年01月14日 Norcia 6.7 X 6,240–9,761
1694年09月08日 Basilicata 6.9 >6,000
1693年01月11日 Sicily, Malta 7.4 Mw XI 60,000
1688年06月05日 Sannio 7.0 XI 3,311 Severe damage NGDC
1659年11月06日 Calabria 2,035 Extreme damage NGDC
1654年07月23日 Sorano, Marsica X 600 Severe damage NGDC
1639年10月07日 Lazio 6.0 Mw IX–X 500
1638年06月09日 Calabria IX 52 Moderate damage
1638年03月27日 Calabria 7.0 Ms XI 9,581–30,000 Extreme damage / tsunami [58]
1627年07月30日 Apulia 6.7 Mw X 5,000 Tsunami
1626年07月30日 Naples 70,000
1626年04月05日 Girifalco 6.1 Mw X Very heavy damage
1616年06月04日 Cagliari No casualties or damage reported. Registeted on a plaque in the city's cathedral
1570年11月17日 Ferrara 70–200
1561年08月19日 Vallo di Diano 6.4 Mw X 500 [59]
1517年03月29日 Irpinia 5.4 Mw >50 Moderate damage [60]
1511年03月26日 Friuli X 15 Severe damage
1466年01月15日 Irpinia 6.1 VIII-IX >100 [61]
1461年11月27日 L'Aquila 6.3 IX >80 High intensity over Abruzzo region
1456年12月30日 Benevento 6.6 Mw X–XI Sequence
1456年12月05日 Molise 7.1–7.4 Mw X–XI 30,000–70,000 High intensity over large area. Largest earthquake on the Italian Peninsula. [62]
1453年09月28日 Florence 5.3 VII-VIII Moderate damage [63]
1361年07月17日 Ascoli Satriano 6.0 >1,000 Extreme damage [64]
1349年09月09日 L'Aquila 6.7 X 2,000 Severe damage NGDC
1348年01月25日 Friuli 6.9 X 10,000 Extreme damage
1343年11月25日 Naples Tsunami
1328年12月04日 Norcia 6.4 X 2,000-5,000 [65]
1315年12月03日 L'Aquila 5.6 IX Moderate damage [66]
1298年12月01日 Monti Reatini 6.3 X Numerous deaths and severe damage [67]
1293年09月04日 Samnium, Naples 5.8 VIII-IX Moderate damage [68]
1222年12月25日 Northern Italy X 12,000 Extreme damage
1169年02月04日 Sicily X 15,000–25,000 Severe damage / tsunami
1117年01月03日 Northern Italy VII Severe damage
1046年11月09日 Valle dell'Adige IX-X Numerous deaths and severe damage [69]
801-04-29 Central Apennines 5.4 Me VII–VIII Severe damage [70]
951 Rossano IX Severe damage [71] [72]
853 Messina IX-X Severe damage [73]
847 Samnium Severe damage [74]
801-04-29 Spoleto, Perugia Severe damage [75]
778 Treviso VIII-IX 48 Moderate damage [71] [76]
725 Classe VIII Moderate damage [71] [77]
584 Liguria Severe damage [78]
375 Benevento IX Severe damage [71]
369-07-21 Benevento Thousands Severe damage [71]
361 Sicily and Calabria X Drastic decrease in the population along the Strait of Messina Extreme damage / tsunami [71] [79]
346 Samnium IX Severe damage [71] [80]
101 San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore IX-X Severe damage [71] [81]
99 Circello, Benevento IX-X Severe damage [71] [82]
79-08-24 Vesuvian area VIII Thousands Earthquake caused by the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD [71]
62-02-05 Campania 5.2–6.1 IX–X Severe damage
56 BC-04 Potenza Picena VIII-IX Severe damage [71] [83]
91 BC Modena, Reggio Emilia VIII Moderate damage [71]
100 BC Marche VIII-X Severe damage [71] [84]
217 BC-06 Etruria X Severe damage [71]
Note: The NGDC has records for significant events that go back several thousand years BCE. Added for source diversity, the United States Geological Survey reports are sufficient from the early 1980s to the present. Occasionally, these sources omit the maximum felt intensity. Rovida et al. 2011 can help fill in some of the gaps. Intensity values derived from this source are indicated with an asterisk. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.
[edit ]

See also

[edit ]

References

[edit ]
  1. ^ "Alla scoperta dei terremoti: Dove avvengono i terremoti in Italia?". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  2. ^ "Italia", Enciclopedia di geografia (in Italian), Garzanti, 2006, pp. 782–783, ISBN 978-8811505198
  3. ^ "La Geologia regionale". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  4. ^ D. Scrocca; C. Doglioni; F. Innocenti (2003). "Constraints for an interpretation of the italian geodynamics: a review". Memorie Descrittive Carta Geologica d'Italia. Vol. LXII. pp. 15–4.
  5. ^ National Earthquake Information Center (18 September 2023). "M 5.1 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Terremoto, anziana cada durante l'evacuazione della casa di riposo e muore: indagano i carabinieri". forlitoday.it. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  7. ^ National Earthquake Information Center (9 March 2023). "M 4.3 – 2 km SW of Umbertide, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  8. ^ "Tredici feriti per fughe 'da panico' durante il terremoto" (in Italian). ANSA. 11 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  9. ^ National Earthquake Information Center (9 November 2022). "M 5.6 – 22 km NE of Marotta, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  10. ^ "Terremoto, traumi e attacchi di panico al Pronto Soccorso di Torrette. Ambulatori e uffici di Villa Maria chiusi" [Earthquake, trauma and panic attacks at the Torrette Emergency Department. Clinics and offices of Villa Maria closed] (in Italian). Centro Pagina. 9 November 2022.
  11. ^ "M 4.8 – 2 km E of San Vincenzo la Costa, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020年04月11日.
  12. ^ "Terremoto nel Cosentino, si stacca l'intonaco in una chiesa a Castiglione: un ferito". Lacnews24.it (in Italian). 2020年02月25日. Retrieved 2020年02月25日.
  13. ^ "M 5.0 – 1 km SSW of Lavinaio-Monterosso, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2018年12月26日.
  14. ^ "30 injured, many out on Catania streets after earthquake prompted by Etna eruption". timesofmalta.com. 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2018年12月26日.
  15. ^ "M 5.3 – 2 km SE of Palata, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022年04月29日.
  16. ^ "Forte terremoto in Molise : case lesionate e cornicioni caduti, ci sono feriti – ultime notizie". Meteo Italia, Previsioni del tempo, Notizie e Terremoti (in Italian). 2018年08月16日. Retrieved 2018年08月17日.
  17. ^ "M 5.2 – 2 km SSW of Fivizzano, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2017年07月11日.
  18. ^ Online, Redazione. "Terremoto in Toscana (magnitudo 5.2): in Lunigiana un migliaio di sfollati". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 2017年07月11日.
  19. ^ "M 4.8 – 3 km W of Sora, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  20. ^ "Strong earthquakes in Italy, Lazio and L'Aquila: 1 dead after heart attack; damage in Lazio; people spend night in tents" (in German). 16 February 2013.
  21. ^ "M 4.5 – 6 km S of Pianoconte, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  22. ^ "Italy – Eolian Islands (Sicily) – at least 7 people injured in a shallow moderate earthquake". Archived from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  23. ^ "M5.1 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  24. ^ "M5.3 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  25. ^ "M5.0 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  26. ^ "M5.8 – southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  27. ^ "M6.0 – Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  28. ^ "M4.7 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  29. ^ "M5.6 – southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  30. ^ "M5.1 – southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  31. ^ "M5.6 – Sicily, Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  32. ^ "M5.8 – southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  33. ^ "M4.8 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  34. ^ "M 4.3 – 2 km SE of Miranda, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022年04月29日.
  35. ^ "M5.9 – southern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  36. ^ "M5.7 – central Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  37. ^ "M5.1 – northern Italy". United States Geological Survey.
  38. ^ Kisslinger, C. (1972), "The Ancona, Italy Earthquake Swarm, 1972", Seismological Research Letters, 43 (4), Seismological Society of America: 9–14, Bibcode:1972SeiRL..43d...9K, doi:10.1785/gssrl.43.4.9
  39. ^ {{citation|title=Reappraising a wartime earthquake: the October 3, 1943 event in the southern Marches (central Italy)|first1=A.|last1=Tertulliani|first2=V.|last2=Castelli|first3=A.|last3=Rossi|first4=M.|last4=Vecchi|year=2014|journal=Annals of Geophysics|publisher=[[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|volume=57|number=6|pages=1, 7, 8|doi=10.4401/ag-6645|doi-access=free}}
  40. ^ "M 5.6 - 4 km W of Palena, Italy". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022年08月08日.
  41. ^ "ITALY: CENTRAL". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved 2022年08月08日.
  42. ^ a b USGS
  43. ^ Pessina, V.; Tertulliani, A.; Romano, C.; Scardia, G. (2013), "The revision of the 30 October 1901 earthquake west of Lake Garda (northern Italy)", Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 54 (1), Instituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale: 77, 85, 87, doi:10.4430/bgta0083
  44. ^ Rovida, Andrea; Locati, Mario; Camassi, Romano; Lolli, Barbara; Gasperini, Paolo (2016). "1894 November 16". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV). doi:10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI15.
  45. ^ Eva, Claudio; Rabinovich, Alexander B. (1 September 1997). "The February 23, 1887 tsunami recorded on the Ligurian Coast, western Mediterranean". Geophysical Research Letters. 24 (17): 2211–2214. Bibcode:1997GeoRL..24.2211E. doi:10.1029/97GL02110 . S2CID 140717709.
  46. ^ "Earthquake strikes Mediterranean" . Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  47. ^ "Melfi, After the Late Earthquake". The Illustrated London News. Naples (published 1853年02月05日). 1853年01月13日. pp. 97–98. Retrieved 2019年08月20日.
  48. ^ Palmieri, Luigi (1852). Della regione vulcanica del Monte Vulture e del tremuoto ivi avvenuto nel dì 14 agosto 1851 (in Italian). National Library of Naples. Naples: Stabilimento tipografico di Gaetano Nobile.
  49. ^ "Il terremoto e il maremoto che distrussero Rossano Calabro nella notte tra il 24 e il 25 aprile 1836". 23 April 2017.
  50. ^ "Il terremoto della Liguria occidentale del 26 maggio 1831". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. 26 May 2022.
  51. ^ "Catalogo dei forti terremoti italiani 461 A.C.-1997". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  52. ^ "Catalogo dei forti terremoti italiani 461 A.C.-1997". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  53. ^ Albini, P.; Rovida, A. (2010), "The 12 May 1802 earthquake (N Italy) in its historical and seismological context" (PDF), Journal of Seismology, 14 (3), Springer Verlag: 629–651, Bibcode:2010JSeis..14..629A, doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9187-6, S2CID 129922902
  54. ^ Albini, Paola; Moroni, Andrea (2003), "Il terremoto del 12 maggio 1802, Valle dell'Oglio" [The Earthquake of 12 May 1802, Valle dell'Oglio] (PDF), Piano Di Emergenza Provinciale Di Protezione Civile Del Rischio Sismico, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology – Sezione di Milano
  55. ^ Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari, G.; Tarabusi, G.; Sgattoni, G.; Comastri, A.; Mariotti, D.; Ciuccarelli, C.; Bianchi, M.G.; Valensise, G. (2019), "The new release of the catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean area", Scientific Data, 6 (1), CFTI5Med: 80, doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0091-9, PMC 6546750 , PMID 31160582
  56. ^ Tertulliani, A.; Cucci, L.; Rossi, A.; Castelli, V. (2012), "The 6 October 1762 Middle Aterno Valley (L'Aquila, Central Italy) Earthquake: New Constraints and New Insights", Seismological Research Letters, 83 (6), Seismological Society of America: 1071, 1073, 1075, Bibcode:2012SeiRL..83.1068T, doi:10.1785/0220120048
  57. ^ "Avellino: nel cuore dell'Irpinia sismica" [Avellino: in the heart of the seismic Irpinia] (PDF). Protezione Civile (in Italian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  58. ^ Jacques, E.; Monaco, C.; Tapponnier, P.; Tortorici, L.; Winter, T. (2001). "Faulting and earthquake triggering during the 1783 Calabria seismic sequence" (PDF). Geophysical Journal International. 147 (3): 499–516. Bibcode:2001GeoJI.147..499J. doi:10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01518.x. ISSN 1365-246X. S2CID 59505619.
  59. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019.
  60. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018.
  61. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019.
  62. ^ C. Nunziata; M. R. Costanzo (2020). "Ground Shaking Scenario at the Historical Center of Napoli (Southern Italy) for the 1456 and 1688 Earthquakes". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 177 (7). Springer Science+Business Media: 3175–3190. Bibcode:2020PApGe.177.3175N. doi:10.1007/s00024-020-02426-y. S2CID 210975336.
  63. ^ "28 settembre 1453, 22:45 Firenze". European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data.
  64. ^ "The catalogue of strong Italian earthquakes". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018.
  65. ^ Guidoboni E.; Ferrari G.; Mariotti D.; Comastri A.; Tarabusi G.; Sgattoni G.; Valensise G. (2018). "CFTI5Med, Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (461 a.C.-1997) e nell'area Mediterranea (760 a.C.-1500): terremoto di Norcia del 1328". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  66. ^ "Catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani 1691-1899". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  67. ^ Rovida, Andrea; Locati, Mario; Camassi, Romano; Lolli, Barbara; Gasperini, Paolo (2016). "Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani 2015-Database Macrosismico Italiano 2015". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. doi:10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI15 . Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  68. ^ "AHEAD – 4 September 1293 earthquake – Sannio" . Retrieved 2018年09月12日.
  69. ^ "9 novembre 1046 Media valle dell'Adige". Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes. National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  70. ^ Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari, G.; Mariotti, D.; Comastri, A.; Tarabusi, G.; Sgattoni, G.; Valensise, G. (2018). "801 04 29, 20:00 Roma (Italy)". Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (461 a.C.–1997) e nell'area Mediterranea (760 a.C.–1500). National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani 217 A.C. -2002". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  72. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  73. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  74. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.
  75. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  76. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  77. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  78. ^ "Ventimiglia e il terremoto del 1887". Archived from the original on 24 January 2015.
  79. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  80. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  81. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  82. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  83. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  84. ^ "Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.

Notes

[edit ]
  • "Historic Worldwide Earthquakes". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2009年02月21日. Retrieved 2009年04月06日.
  • NGDC (1972), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  • {{Citation|editor-last=Rovida|editor-first=A.|editor2-last=Camassi|editor2-first=R.|editor3-last=Gasperini|editor3-first=P.| editor4-last=Stucchi|editor4-first=M.|year=2011|title=CPTI11, the 2011 version of the Parametric Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes|publisher=[[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|place=Milano, Bologna|doi=10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI11|last1=Rovida|first1=Andrea|last2=Camassi|first2=Romano|last3=Gasperini|first3=Paolo|last4=Stucchi|first4=Massimiliano|type=Data Set|chapter=Earthquake catalog}}

Further reading

[edit ]
[edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Earthquakes in Italy .
Historical
20th century
21st century
History
Overview
By topic
Prehistory
Ancient
Middle Ages
Early modern
Late modern
Contemporary
Geography
Politics
Economy
Society
Culture

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /