Iron Gate Pass of Transylvania
| Iron Gate Pass | |
|---|---|
Iron Gate Pass is located in Romania Iron Gate Pass Iron Gate Pass Location of the Iron Gate Pass | |
| Elevation | 669 m (2,195 ft) |
| Location | Romania |
| Range | Southern Carpathians |
| Coordinates | 45°30.25′N 22°41.29′E / 45.50417°N 22.68817°E / 45.50417; 22.68817 |
The Transylvanian Iron Gate Pass (Romanian: Pasul Poarta de Fier a Transilvaniei, Hungarian: Erdélyi Vaskapu / Vaskapu-hágó / Vaskapu-szoros, German: Eiserne Thor Pass, all of these names meaning Iron Gate Pass in the respective languages) is a mountain pass in the Carpathians, located in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania.
History
[edit ]
The battle between John Hunyadi and Mezid Bey, fought within the Kingdom of Hungary: Older historiography places it at Szeben (now Sibiu) in Transylvania,[1] [2] [3] while modern historiography locates the battle at the Iron Gate Pass (Vaskapu in Hungarian) in Hunyad County, southwestern Transylvania.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
The battle between John Hunyadi and Şehabeddin Pasha: Older historiography places it at the Transylvanian Iron Gate Pass (Vaskapu) within in Kingdom of Hungary,[10] [11] while modern historiography locates the battle in the upper valley of the Ialomița River, located south of the Carpathian Mountains in Wallachia.[12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Sources
[edit ]- Babinger, Franz (1978). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time . Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6.
- Jefferson, John (2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5.
- Mureșanu, Camil (2021). John Hunyadi Defender of Christendom. Las Vegas: The Center for Romanian Studies, Histria Books. ISBN 978-1-59211-012-4.
- Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2018). From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389–1526. The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage: Politics, Society and Economy 63. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-37565-9.
References
[edit ]- ^ Tarján M., Tamás. "Hunyadi János legyőzi a törököket Szebennél" [John Hunyadi defeats the Turks at Szeben]. Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination) (in Hungarian).
- ^ Bánlaky, József. "A szebeni csata 1442. március 25-én" [The Battle of Szeben on 25 March 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
- ^ Babinger 1978, p. 20.
- ^ Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2001). "Az 1442. márciusi török hadjárat – Adalékok Hunyadi János első törökellenes harcaihoz" [The Ottoman Campaign of March 1442. Remarks on The First Anti-Ottoman Struggles of János Hunyadi] (PDF). Történelmi Szemle [Historical Review] (in Hungarian). XLIII (1–2). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet [The Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Research Centre for the Humanities – Institute of History]: 43–54.
- ^ Jefferson 2012, p. 278–286: The Rise of Hunyadi, 1440-1442 – The Turkish Wars of 1442.
- ^ Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 93–105: From Golubac to Belgrade, 1428–1456 – The First Ottoman Wars of Hunyadi, 1441–1443.
- ^ Weiss, David (2020). The Ottoman campaign in Wallachia and the Battle on the River Ialomița (1442).
- ^ Ágoston, Gábor (April 2025). "Oszmán hódítók és az "átkozott Jankó"" [Ottoman Conquerors and the "Cursed Janko"]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
- ^ Fedeles, Tamás (April 2025). "Csillag születik – Hunyadi törökverő nimbusza" [A Star Is Born – The Halo of Hunyadi the Turk-Buster]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
- ^ Bánlaky, József. "A vaskapui diadal 1442 július havában" [The Triumph of the Iron Gate in July 1442]. A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme [The Military History of the Hungarian Nation] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
- ^ Tarján M., Tamás. "Hunyadi János legyőzi a törököket Szebennél" [John Hunyadi defeats the Turks at Szeben]. Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination) (in Hungarian).
- ^ Weiss, David (2020). The Ottoman campaign in Wallachia and the Battle on the River Ialomița (1442).
- ^ Pálosfalvi 2018, p. 92–105: The First Ottoman Wars of Hunyadi, 1441–1443.
- ^ Ágoston, Gábor (April 2025). "Oszmán hódítók és az "átkozott Jankó"" [Ottoman Conquerors and the "Cursed Janko"]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
- ^ Fedeles, Tamás (April 2025). "Csillag születik – Hunyadi törökverő nimbusza" [A Star Is Born – The Halo of Hunyadi the Turk-Buster]. Rubicon Historical Magazine. 2025 (4).
- ^ Mureșanu 2021, p. 77–89: In Transylvania and Wallachia.
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