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Health crisis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Having lost their homes in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, many Haitians now live in precarious camps.

A health crisis is an emergency or complex health system that affects the public in one or more geographic areas from a particular locality to encompass the entire planet. Health crises generally have significant impacts on community health, loss of life, and on the economy. They may result from disease, industrial processes or poor policy.[1] [2]

Its severity is often measured by the number of people affected by its geographical extent, or the disease or death of the pathogenic process which it originates.[3] [4]

Features

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Generally there are three key components in health crises:[5]

  • Public health problem[6]
  • Problem health coordination
  • Alarm care: Poor communication of risks to the population resulting in social upheaval.[7]

Types

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  • Environmental
  • Food
  • Toxic

Prevention & Control

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  • Using the health warning systems. A health system responsive to the needs of the population is required to refine the instruments to ensure adequate preparation before their hatching.[8] [9] [10]
  • Transparency of the institutions public or private. The perception of crisis can escape the control of experts or health institutions, and be determined by stakeholders to provide solutions propagate or concerned. This requires a difficult balancing of the need to articulate clear answers and the little-founded fears.[11]
  • Adequate information policy. Irrationality arise when information is distorted, or hidden. Face a health crisis involves: respect for society, coordination of organizations and an institution with scientific weight to the people and to the media, who acted as spokesman in situations of public health risk, to get confidence citizens. The technical capacity of health professionals is more proven than the public officials, which suggests a greater share of the former and better training of the second.[12] [13] [14]
  • Evaluate the previous crisis or others experiences. Crises are challenges that must be learned from both the mistakes and successes, since they serve to bring about to the devices and improve the response to other crises. It is important to perform analysis of previous responses, audit risk and vulnerability, research and testing, and drills to prepare themselves against future crises.[15] [16] [17]
  • Having objectives: "first, to reduce the impact of illness and death, and second, to avoid social fracture".[18]
  • Preparing contingency plans. Preparation is key to the crisis because it allows a strong response, organized, and scientifically based. Action plans must meet the professional early enough and properly trained, and politicians must be consistent in their actions and coordinate all available resources. It is essential to invest in public health resources to prepare preventive measures and reducing health inequalities to minimize the impact of health crises, as they generally always the poorest suffer most.[19] [20]
  • It is important to include all health professions especially primary health care (family physicians, pharmacists, etc.), as often it is these practitioners that are on the front-line in health crises.[21] [22]

Examples

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Baby born to a mother who had taken thalidomide while pregnant
Metro of Mexico, passengers are protected against influenza A.
symptoms of microcephaly
Symptoms of microcephaly, linked to mothers infected by Zika virus [23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Brownstein, Joseph (December 7, 2009). "The Top 10 Health Scares Of The Decade". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2013年01月26日.
  2. ^ Gérvas, Juan; Meneu, Ricard (December 2010). "Las crisis de salud pública en una sociedad desarrollada. Aciertos y limitaciones en España. Informe SESPAS 2010". Gaceta Sanitaria. 24: 33–36. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.201006009 . ISSN 0213-9111. PMC 7131968 . PMID 21094562.
  3. ^ Alderson, Michael Rowland (1988). Mortality, morbidity, and health statistics. New York: Stockton Press. ISBN 0935859314. OCLC 18464719.
  4. ^ Gravitz, Lauren (2011). "Introduction: A smouldering public-health crisis". Nature. 474 (7350): S2 – S4. doi:10.1038/474S2a . PMID 21666731.
  5. ^ Noji EK. The public health consequences of disasters. Oxford: OUP; 1997.
  6. ^ Anand, Geeta (30 July 2011). "India's Public Health Crisis: The Government Responds". Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  7. ^ Público. "crisis". Archived from the original on 2011年11月18日. Retrieved 2011年08月28日.
  8. ^ "Health Alert Network (HAN). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta. 2011年08月29日". Archived from the original on 2011年09月12日.
  9. ^ Valencia, R; Román, E; García-León, FJ; Guillén, J (2003年11月01日). "Sistemas de alerta: una prioridad en vigilancia epidemiológica". Gaceta Sanitaria. 17 (6): 520–522. doi:10.1157/13055395 . ISSN 0213-9111.
  10. ^ Fernández K, Ciotti M, Kaiser R. La Unión Europea ante las crisis sanitarias. Rev Adm Sanit. 2006; 4:425–35.
  11. ^ AbouZahr, Carla; Adjei, Sam; Kanchanachitra, Churnrurtai (March 2007). "From data to policy: good practices and cautionary tales". The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1039–1046. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60463-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 17382830. S2CID 18443880.
  12. ^ "Risk Communication- Gateway to Health Communication - CDC". 2018年03月30日. Archived from the original on 2018年08月30日. Retrieved 2017年09月09日.
  13. ^ www.quodem.com, Quodem Consultores S.L. "El Sistema Sanitario ante situaciones de crisis". Archived from the original on 2011年09月03日. Retrieved 2011年08月28日.
  14. ^ Lamata F. Crisis sanitaria y respuesta política. Rev Adm Sanit. 2006; 4:401–6.
  15. ^ Spiegel, Paul B; Le, Phuoc; Ververs, Mija-Tesse; Salama, Peter (2007年03月01日). "Occurrence and overlap of natural disasters, complex emergencies and epidemics during the past decade (1995–2004)". Conflict and Health. 1 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1752-1505年1月2日 . ISSN 1752-1505. PMC 1847810 . PMID 17411460.
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  17. ^ Gérvas, J.; Hernández-Aguado, I.; et al. (2009). "Successes and failures in the management of public health crisis in Spain" (PDF). Gac Sanit. 23 (1): 67–71. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.200711001. PMC 7131072 . PMID 19231727. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011年09月23日.
  18. ^ Weinstein, Robert A. (2004年06月03日). "Planning for Epidemics — The Lessons of SARS". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (23): 2332–2334. doi:10.1056/nejmp048082. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 15175434.
  19. ^ Wells, Paul Krugman and Robin (23 March 2006). "The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It". The New York Review of Books. 53 (5). Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  20. ^ "Gérvas J, Hernández I. El eterno retorno de las crisis sanitarias. El País. 22/05/2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012年03月17日.
  21. ^ Watson KE. The Roles of Pharmacists in Disaster Health Management in Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters. [Thesis].  QUT ePrints: Queensland University of Technology; 2019 Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130757/ .
  22. ^ Watson KE, Singleton JA, Tippett V, Nissen LM. Defining pharmacists' roles in disasters: A Delphi study. PLoS One 2019;14(12):e0227132.
  23. ^ "Understanding Zika". Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  24. ^ Rouhi, Maureen (June 20, 2005). "Top Pharmaceuticals: Thalidomide". Chemical & Engineering News. 83 (25). doi:10.1021/cen-v083n025.p122. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
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  29. ^ Fields, C. Virginia (24 July 2012). "HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Our Communities: The Time for Action Is Now". HuffPost . Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  30. ^ "Bovine Spongiform Encephalopaphy: An Overview" (PDF). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012年03月30日. Retrieved 2008年04月08日.
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Bibliography

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