Esh (letter)
- View a machine-translated version of the French article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,240 articles in the main category, and specifying
|topic=will aid in categorization. - Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Ʃ]]; see its history for attribution. - You may also add the template
{{Translated|fr|Ʃ}}to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Find sources:"Esh"letter–news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
| Esh | |
|---|---|
| Ʃ ʃ | |
| (See below) | |
| S in the forms of cursive writing | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic and logographic |
| Language of origin | Latin language, Serer language |
| Sound values | [ʃ ], [ʄ ] /ˈɛʃ/ |
| InUnicode | U+01A9, U+0283 |
| History | |
| Development | Aa32 |
Disputed:
Esh (majuscule: Ʃ, minuscule: ʃ) is a character used in phonology to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English ⟨sh⟩, as in "ship").
In Unicode, these letters are encoded as U+01A9ƩLATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH and U+0283ʃLATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
Form, usage, and history
[edit ]Its lowercase form ⟨ʃ⟩ is similar to an integral sign ⟨∫⟩ or a cursive long s ⟨s⟩, with a leftward hook at the bottom. In 1928, the Africa Alphabet borrowed the Greek letter sigma ⟨Ʃ⟩ for use as the uppercase form. The lowercase form was introduced by Isaac Pitman in his 1847 Phonotypic Alphabet to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English sh). It is not common around African languages, but it is, in fact, used in some. For example, the Serer Latin alphabet uses its lowercase form for the [ʄ ] consonant.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses U+0283ʃLATIN SMALL LETTER ESH to represent a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant. Related obsolete IPA characters include U+01AAƪLATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP, U+0285ʅLATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH, and U+0286ʆLATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL.
U+AB4DꭍLATIN SMALL LETTER BASELINE ESH is used in the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system.[1]
Variations of esh are used for phonetic transcriptions of other phonemes:[2] ⟨ᶋ ⟩, ⟨ᶘ ⟩, ⟨ʃ ⟩.
U+1DF0B𝼋LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR and U+1DF0C𝼌LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR AND CURL are used as click letters.[3] [4]
See also
[edit ]
- U+222B∫INTEGRAL
- U+017FsLATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S
- U+03A3ΣGREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA
- U+03C3σGREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA
- U+0428ШCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA
- U+0160ŠLATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON
- U+015EŞLATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA
- U+0D3DഽMALAYALAM SIGN AVAGRAHA (Praslesham)
- ⟨Sz⟩ (a Polish digraph)
- ⟨Sh⟩ (an English and Albanian digraph)
- Latin-script S-based digraphs (including the Italian ⟨sc⟩, English ⟨sh⟩, and Norwegian and Faroese ⟨sk⟩)
- Latin-script S-based trigraphs (including German ⟨sch⟩ and Italian ⟨sci⟩)
References
[edit ]- ↑ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011年06月02日). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF).
- ↑ Constable, Peter (2004年04月19日). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
- ↑ Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020年07月10日). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF).
- ↑ Anderson, Deborah (2020年12月07日). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).