Dynasty 0
Dynasty 0 of Egypt | ||
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| c.3200 BCE–c. 3100 BCE | ||
| Name of King Iry-Hor, Dynasty 0, Eastern Kom, Tell el-Farkha | ||
| Capital | Thinis, Nekhen, Naqada | |
| Commonlanguages | Egyptian language | |
| Religion | Ancient Egyptian religion | |
| Government | Absolute monarchy | |
| Historical era | Bronze Age | |
•Established | c.3200 BCE | |
•Disestablished | c. 3100 BCE | |
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Preceded by Succeeded by
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| Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt |
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All years are BC and AD |
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Dynasty 0 (Naqada III) 0 c. 3300–3150 BC |
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First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890 BC Second Dynasty II 2890–2686 BC |
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Third Dynasty III 2686–2613 BC Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498 BC Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345 BC Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181 BC |
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Seventh Dynasty VII spurious Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160 BC Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130 BC Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040 BC Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061 BC |
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Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991 BC Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803 BC Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649 BC |
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Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690 BC Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535 BC Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600 BC Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600 BC Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549 BC |
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Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292 BC Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189 BC Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077 BC |
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Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945 BC Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720 BC Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728 BC Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720 BC |
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Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525 BC XXVII 525–404 BC Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398 BC Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380 BC Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343 BC XXXI 343–332 BC |
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Thirty-second Dynasty (Argead) XXXII 332–305 BC |
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XXXIV 30 BC–313 AD |
Dynasty 0, or Dynasty Zero, of ancient Egypt refers to the kings who ruled over part or all of Egyptian territory before the reign of the legendary Menes, founder of the First Dynasty and unifier of Egypt. Menes is often associated with Narmer, although the latter's successor, Hor-Aha, is also proposed. This era, located at the very end of the Predynastic period, corresponds to the Protodynastic period of ancient Egypt, and the final phase of the archaeological period of the Naqada culture, called Naqada III, and sees the rise of Egyptian royalty, first in Upper Egypt with three identified proto-kingdoms, leading, at some point in the period, to Egyptian unification.
In this period, those kings' names were inscribed in the form of serekhs on a variety of surfaces including pottery and tombs. The period was characterized by constant conflict with the people of the Nile Delta, probably for the control of valuable trade routes with the Levant.[2]
The Egyptian rulers of the period, attributed to "Dynasty 0", and may have ruled over some parts of Upper Egypt. They include obscure rulers such as Crocodile, Iry-Hor, Ka, and perhaps by the king Scorpion II, whose name may refer to, or be derived from, the goddess Serket, a special early protector of other deities and the rulers.[3] The period ended with the rise of Narmer, who became the first king of the First Dynasty and the first unifier of Egypt.
Upper Egypt
[edit ]For Upper Egypt in the south, the following Dynasty 0 rulers have been listed: A , Finger Snail , Fish , Elephant , Stork , Bull , Scorpion I , Crocodile , Iry-Hor, Ka, Scorpion II , Narmer / Menes
Lower Egypt
[edit ]For Lower Egypt in the north, the following Dynasty 0 rulers have been listed: Hedju Hor , Ny-Hor , Ni-Neith , Hat-Hor , Pu , Hsekiu , Khayu , Tiu , Thesh , Neheb , Wazner , Mekh , Double Falcon, Wash
- Iry-Hor's tomb at the Umm el-Qa'ab comprises two separate chambers B1 and B2, and Ka's tomb is in B7, B8, B9
References
[edit ]- ↑ Cialowicz, Krzysztof M. (2011). "6. The Early-Dynastic/Pre-Dynastic period at Tell al-Fakrah". Before the pyramids: the origins of Egyptian civilization; [publ. in conjunction with the Exhibition Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization, March 28 - December 31, 2011] (PDF). Chicago, Ill: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-1-885923-82-0.
- ↑ Josephson, Jack (29 November 2015). "Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (51): 165. doi:10.5913/JARCE.51.2015.A007.
Most of Dynasty 0 was spent at war with the Delta people, presumably to control and protect trade routes from the Levant, the source of invaluable wood, wine, and other commodities.
- ↑ Shaw, Ian (2000). The Oxford history of ancient Egypt . Oxford University Press. p. 71. ISBN 0-19-280458-8.
