Duke of Sussex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Royal dukedom in the United Kingdom
This article is about the title. For its current holder, see Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. For the pub in London, see Duke of Sussex, Acton Green.
| Dukedom of Sussex | |
|---|---|
| Creation date | 19 May 2018 (announced)[1] 16 July 2018 (Letters Patent)[2] |
| Creation | Second |
| Created by | Elizabeth II |
| Peerage | Peerage of the United Kingdom |
| First holder | Prince Augustus Frederick |
| Present holder | Prince Harry |
| Heir apparent | Prince Archie |
| Remainder to | the 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten[2] |
| Subsidiary titles | Earl of Dumbarton Baron Kilkeel |
| Status | Extant |
Duke of Sussex is a substantive title, one of several royal dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It is a hereditary title of a specific rank of nobility in the British royal family. It has been created twice and takes its name from the historic county of Sussex in England.
First created in 1801, the title lapsed in 1843 but was revived when Queen Elizabeth II bestowed it on her grandson Prince Harry on 19 May 2018 just before his marriage to Meghan Markle, who then became the Duchess of Sussex.
History
[edit ]A title associated with Sussex first appeared with the Kingdom of Sussex, an Anglo-Saxon kingdom that was annexed by the Kingdom of Wessex around 827,[3] that later became part of the Kingdom of England. In charters, Sussex's monarchs were sometimes referred to as ealdormen, or duces in Latin, which is sometimes translated as "dukes".
First creation, 1801
[edit ]The title of Duke of Sussex was first conferred on 24 November 1801 upon Prince Augustus Frederick,[4] the sixth son of King George III. He was made Baron Arklow and Earl of Inverness at the same time, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The title became extinct upon the Prince's death in 1843.
Although the Prince was survived by a son and daughter by Lady Augusta Murray, their marriage (purportedly solemnized at St George's Hanover Square Church, Westminster, in 1793) had been annulled for lack of royal permission under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, rendering the children illegitimate under English law and unable to inherit titles from their father. Both children by the annulled marriage died childless, rendering the issue of their inheritance moot.
On 2 May 1831, the Prince married a second time (and again in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772) to Lady Cecilia Gore at Great Cumberland Place, London. Not being the Prince's legitimate wife, Lady Cecilia could not be received at court. On 30 March 1840, she was given the title of Duchess of Inverness in her own right by Queen Victoria.[5]
Second creation, 2018
[edit ]In 2018, the dukedom of Sussex was recreated and granted to Prince Harry, the grandson of Queen Elizabeth II and 5th great-grandnephew of the previous duke, to mark the occasion of his wedding to Meghan Markle on 19 May 2018, who thereby became the first ever Duchess of Sussex.[1] [6] On his wedding day, it was announced that he would become Duke of Sussex in England, with the subsidiary titles of Earl of Dumbarton in Scotland and Baron Kilkeel in Northern Ireland. In 2019, an heir to the dukedom and the other titles, Prince Archie of Sussex, was born.
Dukes of Sussex
[edit ]1801 creation
[edit ]| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Augustus Frederick House of Hanover 1801–1843 also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Arklow (1801) |
Prince Augustus Frederick | 27 January 1773 Buckingham House, London son of King George III and Queen Charlotte |
4 April 1793 Lady Augusta Murray 2 children 2 May 1831 Lady Cecilia Underwood No children |
21 April 1843 Kensington Palace, London aged 70 |
|
| Prince Augustus's first marriage to Lady Augusta Murray produced two children. However, due to the Royal Marriages Act 1772, the marriage was invalid (he had not asked for his father's approval to marry) and his children were thus illegitimate and could not succeed to his titles; so, accordingly, all his titles became extinct on his death. | |||||
2018 creation
[edit ]| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Harry House of Windsor 2018–present also: Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel (2018)[1] |
Prince Harry | 15 September 1984 St Mary's Hospital, London son of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales |
19 May 2018 Meghan Markle 2 children |
Living (age 40) |
Line of succession
[edit ]- Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (born 1984)
- (1) Prince Archie of Sussex (born 2019)
Family trees
[edit ]| Family tree of the Dukes of Sussex, Earls of Dumbarton, Earls of Inverness, Barons Kilkeel, Barons Arklow |
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George III
(1738–1820) Duke of Sussex (1st creation), Earl of Inverness (1st creation), and Baron Arklow (1st creation), 1801
Prince Edward
(1767–1820) Duke of Kent and Strathearn Prince Augustus Frederick (1773–1843) Duke of Sussex Dukedom extinct, 1843
Baron Arklow (2nd creation), 1881
Earl of Inverness (2nd creation), 1892
George Frederick Ernest Albert
(1865–1936) Earl of Inverness Later King George V Prince Charles Edward (1884–1919) Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, 2nd Baron Arklow Earldom of Inverness (2nd creation) merged with the crown, 1910 Barony Arklow (2nd creation) forfeit, 1919
Earl of Inverness (3rd creation), 1920
Edward VIII
(1894–1972) Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George (1895–1952) Earl of Inverness Later King George VI Earldom of Inverness (3rd creation) merged with the crown, 1936
Queen Elizabeth II
(1926–2022) Earl of Inverness (4th creation), 1986
Earldom of Inverness is not inherited
William, Prince of Wales
(b. 1982) Prince Harry Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton, Baron Kilkeel (b. 1984) |
| Family tree of Royal dukes in the United Kingdom |
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Includes dukes of: Albany, Albemarle, Bedford, Cambridge, Clarence, Connaught and Strathearn, Cumberland, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Gloucester and Edinburgh, Hereford, Kent, Kintyre and Lorne, Norfolk, Ross, Somerset, Sussex, Windsor, and York, but only when royally. Non-royal dukes are not included; see Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom . Duke of Albany (1st creation), 1398 Duke of Clarence (1st creation), 1362 Duke of York (1st creation), 1385
Robert III
c. 1337–1406 Robert Stewart c. 1340–1420 1st Duke of Albany Edward the Black Prince 1330–1376 Lionel of Antwerp 1338–1368 Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt 1340–1399 Edmund of Langley 1341–1402 1st Duke of York Dukedom of Clarence (1st creation) extinct, 1368
Duke of Cornwall (2nd creation), 1376 Duke of Hereford, 1397 Duke of Gloucester (1st creation), 1385
Murdoch Stewart
c. 1362–1425 2nd Duke of Albany Richard of Bordeaux 1367–1400 Duke of Cornwall, later King Richard II Henry Bolingbroke 1367–1413 Duke of Hereford, later King Henry IV Thomas of Woodstock 1355–1397 Duke of Gloucester Dukedom of Albany (1st creation) forfeit, 1425 Dukedom of Cornwall (2nd creation) merged in the crown, 1377 Dukedom of Hereford merged in the crown, 1399 Dukedom of Gloucester (1st creation) extinct, 1397
Duke of Clarence (2nd creation), 1412 Duke of Bedford (1st & 2nd creations), 1414 Duke of Gloucester (2nd creation), 1414 Duke of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation), 1397
Thomas of Lancaster
1387–1421 Duke of Clarence John of Lancaster 1389–1435 Duke of Bedford Surrendered dukedom and then regranted, 1433 Humphrey of Lancaster 1390–1447 Duke of Gloucester John Beaufort 1373–1410 Joan Beaufort c. 1379–1440 Edward of Norwich c. 1373–1415 Duke of Aumale, 2nd Duke of York Richard of Conisburgh 1385–1415 Dukedom of Clarence (2nd creation) extinct, 1421 Dukedom of Bedford (2nd creation) extinct, 1435 Dukedom of Gloucester (2nd creation) extinct, 1447 Dukedom of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation) forfeit, 1399
James I
1394–1437 Joan Beaufort c. 1404–1445 John Beaufort 1404–1444 Richard Neville 1400–1460 Cecily Neville 1415–1495 Richard of York 1411–1460 3rd Duke of York, Duke of Cornwall Duke of Cornwall (3rd creation) extinct, 1460
Duke of Bedford (5th creation), 1485 Duke of Clarence (3rd creation), 1461 Duke of Gloucester (3rd creation), 1461
James II
1430–1460 Jasper Tudor c. 1431–1495 Duke of Bedford Edmund Tudor c. 1430–1456 Lady Margaret Beaufort 1443–1509 John Neville c. 1431–1471 Elizabeth Woodville c. 1437–1492 Prince Edward 1442–1483 4th Duke of York, later King Edward IV George Plantagenet 1449–1478 Duke of Clarence Richard of York 1452–1485 Duke of Gloucester, later King Richard III Dukedom of Bedford (5th creation) extinct, 1495 Dukedom of York (1st creation) merged in the Crown, 1461 Dukedom of Clarence (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478 Dukedom of Gloucester (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1483
Duke of Albany (2nd creation), 1458 Duke of Bedford (3rd creation), 1470 Duke of York (2nd creation), 1474
Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1477 Duke of Bedford (4th creation), 1478 Alexander Stewart
c. 1454–1485 1st Duke of Albany James III 1451/1452–1488 George Neville 1457–1483 Duke of Bedford King Henry VII 1457–1509 Elizabeth of York 1466–1503 Richard of Shrewsbury 1473–1483 Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk George of York 1477–1479 Duke of Bedford Dukedom of Bedford (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478 Dukedom of York (2nd creation) and Dukedom of Norfolk (3rd creation) extinct, 1483 Dukedom of Bedford (4th creation) extinct, 1479
Duke of Ross (1st creation), 1488 Duke of York (3rd creation), 1494 Duke of Somerset (3rd creation), 1499
John Stewart
1482–1536 2nd Duke of Albany James Stewart 1476–1504 Duke of Ross James IV 1473–1513 Margaret Tudor 1489–1541 Prince Henry 1491–1547 Duke of York, later King Henry VIII Edmund Tudor 1499–1500 Duke of Somerset (nominated but probably not invested) Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1536 Dukedom of Ross (1st creation) extinct, 1504 Dukedom of York (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1509 Dukedom of Somerset (3rd creation) extinct, 1500
Duke of Ross (2nd creation), 1514
Duke of Albany (3rd creation), 1565 Dukedom of Ross (2nd creation) extinct, 1515
Dukedom of Albany (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1567
Duke of Albany (4th creation), 1604
Duke of York (4th creation), 1605 Duke of Kintyre and Lorne, 1602 Princess Elizabeth Stuart
1596–1662 Prince Charles 1600–1649 Duke of Albany, Duke of York, later King Charles I Robert Stuart 1602 Duke of Kintyre and Lorne Dukedom of Albany (4th creation), Dukedom of York (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625 Dukedom of Kintyre and Lorne extinct, 1602
Duke of York (5th creation) 1644
Duke of Albany (5th creation), 1660 Duke of Gloucester (4th creation), 1659 Sophia of Hanover
1630–1714 James Stuart 1633–1701 Duke of York, Duke of Albany, later King James II Prince Henry 1640–1660 Duke of Gloucester Dukedom of Albany (5th creation) and Dukedom of York (5th creation) merged in the Crown, 1685 Dukedom of Gloucester (4th creation) extinct, 1660
Duke of York and Albany (1st creation), 1716 Duke of Cambridge (1st creation), 1664 Duke of Kendal (1st creation), 1666 Duke of Cambridge (2nd creation), 1667
King George I
1660–1727 Ernest Augustus 1674–1728 Duke of York and Albany Charles Stuart 1660–1661 styled Duke of Cambridge James Stuart 1663–1667 Duke of Cambridge Queen Anne 1665–1714 Charles Stuart 1666–1667 designated Duke of Kendal Edgar Stuart 1667–1671 Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart 1677 styled Duke of Cambridge Dukedom of York and Albany (1st creation) extinct, 1728 Dukedom of Cambridge (1st creation) extinct, 1667 Dukedom of Kendal (1st creation), extinct, 1667 Dukedom of Cambridge (2nd creation) extinct, 1671
Duke of Cambridge (3rd creation)
Prince George
1683–1760 Duke of Cambridge, later King George II Prince William 1689–1700 styled Duke of Gloucester Dukedom of Cambridge (3rd creation) merged with the Crown, 1727
Duke of Edinburgh (1st creation), 1726 Duke of Cumberland (3rd creation), 1726
Prince Frederick Louis
1707–1751 1st Duke of Edinburgh, styled Duke of Gloucester until created Duke of Edinburgh Prince William Augustus 1721–1765 Duke of Cumberland Dukedom of Cumberland (3rd creation) extinct, 1765
Duke of York and Albany (2nd creation), 1760 Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, 1764 Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, 1766
Prince George William Frederick
1738–1820 2nd Duke of Edinburgh, later King George III Prince Edward 1739–1767 Duke of York and Albany Prince William Henry 1743–1805 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince Henry 1745–1790 Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn Dukedom of Edinburgh (1st creation), merged in the Crown, 1760 Dukedom of York and Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1767 Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh unused, 1805–1816 Dukedom of Cumberland and Strathearn extinct, 1790
Duke of York and Albany (3rd creation), 1784 Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, 1789 Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1799 Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 1799 Duke of Sussex (1st creation), 1801 Duke of Cambridge (4th creation), 1801
Prince Frederick
1763–1827 Duke of York and Albany Prince William Henry 1765–1837, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, later King William IV Prince Edward 1767–1820 Duke of Kent and Strathearn Ernest Augustus 1771–1851 King of Hanover, 1st Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Prince Augustus Frederick 1773–1843 Duke of Sussex Prince Adolphus 1774–1850 1st Duke of Cambridge Princess Mary 1776–1857 Prince William Frederick 1776–1834 2nd Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Dukedom of York and Albany (3rd creation) extinct, 1827 Dukedom of Clarence and St Andrews merged in the Crown, 1830 Dukedom of Kent and Strathearn extinct, 1820 Dukedom of Sussex (1st creation) extinct, 1843 Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh extinct, 1834
Queen Victoria
1819–1901 George V 1819–1878 King of Hanover, 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Prince George 1819–1904 2nd Duke of Cambridge Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge 1833–1897 Dukedom of Cambridge (4th creation) extinct, 1904
Duke of Edinburgh (2nd creation), 1866 Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 1874 Duke of Albany (6th creation), 1881
King Edward VII
1841–1910 Prince Ernest Augustus 1845–1923 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Princess Alice 1843–1878 Prince Alfred Ernest Albert 1844–1900 Duke of Edinburgh Prince Arthur 1850–1942 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Leopold 1853–1884 1st Duke of Albany Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale forfeit, 1919 Dukedom of Edinburgh (2nd creation) extinct, 1900
Duke of Clarence and Avondale, 1890 Duke of York (6th creation), 1892
Prince Albert Victor
1864–1892 Duke of Clarence and Avondale George Frederick Ernest Albert 1865–1936 Duke of York, later King George V Mary of Teck 1867–1953 Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine 1863–1950 Prince Arthur of Connaught 1883–1938 Dukedom of Clarence and Avondale extinct, 1892 Dukedom of York (6th creation) merged in the Crown, 1910
Duke of Windsor, 1937 Duke of York (7th creation), 1920 Duke of Kent (2nd creation), 1934 Duke of Gloucester (5th creation), 1928
King Edward VIII
1894–1972 Later Duke of Windsor Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George 1895–1952 Duke of York, later King George VI Princess Alice of Battenberg 1885–1969 Prince George 1902–1942 1st Duke of Kent Prince Henry 1900–1974 1st Duke of Gloucester Prince Alastair Arthur 1914–1943 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Charles Edward 1884–1954 2nd Duke of Albany Dukedom of Windsor extinct, 1972 Dukedom of York (7th creation) merged in the Crown, 1936 Dukedom of Connaught and Strathearn extinct, 1943 Dukedom of Albany (6th creation) forfeit, 1919
Duke of Edinburgh (3rd creation), 1947
Queen Elizabeth II
1926–2022 Prince Philip 1921–2021 1st Duke of Edinburgh Prince Edward b. 1935 2nd Duke of Kent Duke of York (8th creation), 1986 Duke of Edinburgh (4th creation), 2023
King Charles III
b. 1948 Prince Andrew b. 1960 Duke of York Prince Edward b. 1964 Duke of Edinburgh George Windsor b. 1962 Prince Richard b. 1944 2nd Duke of Gloucester Dukedom of Edinburgh (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 2022 No male heirs Dukedom of Edinburgh (4th creation) is a life peerage and therefore not hereditary Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Kent
Duke of Cambridge (5th creation), 2011 Duke of Sussex (2nd creation), 2018
Prince William
b. 1982 Duke of Cambridge Prince Harry Duke of Sussex b. 1984 Edward Windsor b. 1988 Alexander Windsor b. 1974 Heir-apparent to the Dukedom of Gloucester
Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Cambridge Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Sussex
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See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ a b c Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle: Announcement of Titles, The Royal Household, 19 May 2018.
- ^ a b "No. 62358". The London Gazette . 20 July 2018. p. 12928.
- ^ Edwards, Heather (2004). "Ecgberht [Egbert] (d. 839), king of the West Saxons in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
- ^ "No. 15429". The London Gazette . 24 November 1801. p. 1403.
- ^ "No. 19842". The London Gazette . 31 March 1840. p. 858.
- ^ "Meghan Markle's royal title is Duchess of Sussex". The Independent. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
