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Comparison of OTP applications

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One-time password software applications

The following is a general comparison of OTP applications that are used to generate one-time passwords for two-factor authentication (2FA) systems using the time-based one-time password (TOTP), the HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) algorithms or Mobile-OTP (mOTP),[1] which is an older, open source, 2FA system for mobile phones that combines a user’s PIN, time and a per-device secret to generate OTPs. It also lists apps that support proprietary authentication methods, like those used by Steam or Yandex.

Summary information

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Standalone authenticator applications

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The following is an overview of authenticator applications that operate independently and are not integrated into password managers.

Name License Operating system support Browser integration Delivery format
2fa[2] Open source Android Unknown Local installation with backup via Google Drive
2FAS[3] Open source Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS Yes, autofill via browser extension connected to mobile app Local installation with sync via iCloud or Google Drive
2FAuth[4] Open source Cross-platform web application No Local installation
2fast[5] Open source Windows Unknown Local installation
Aegis Authenticator[6] Open source Android Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
andOTP[7] (unmaintained)[8] Open source Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
Authenticator App by 2Stable[9] Proprietary / Freemium iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, browser extension for Chrome, Edge, Firefox and more Unknown Local installation
Authy Proprietary / Freeware Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS. Dropped support for Linux, Mac and Windows Unknown Local installation
Bitwarden Authenticator[10] Open source Android, iOS, iPadOS, visionOS Unknown Local installation with backup via iCloud or Google Drive
Authenticator[11] GPL-3.0-or-later Linux Unknown Local installation
Duo Mobile[12] Proprietary / Freeware Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS Unknown Local installation
Ente Auth[13] AGPL-3.0 Android, iOS, iPadOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
Epic Authenticator[14] Proprietary freeware Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS Unknown Local installation
FreeOTP [15] Open source Android, iOS, iPadOS Unknown Local installation
GAuth Authenticator[16] GPL Web based app No Local installation or hosted web application
Google Authenticator Proprietary freeware Android, iOS, iPadOS, Blackberry, Wear OS Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
Hotpants[17] GPL-2.0 J2ME Unknown Local installation
IBM Verify Proprietary freeware Android, iOS, iPadOS Unknown Local installation
LastPass Authenticator [18] Proprietary Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS Yes, autofill via browser extension connected to mobile app Local installation with cloud sync
Microsoft Authenticator Proprietary Android, iOS, iPadOS, visionOS No Local installation with cloud sync
oathtool[19] Open source Linux No Local installation
Open Authenticator[20] Open source Android, iOS, iPadOS, Linux, macOS, Windows No Local installation
Proton Authenticator [21] GPL-3.0-or-later Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Linux Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
SAASPASS Authenticator [22] Proprietary Android, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS No Local installation with cloud sync
Stratum[23] GPL-3.0 Android, Wear OS Unknown Local installation with cloud sync
Symantec VIP Proprietary Android, iOS, watchOS, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation
Tessera[24] Open source Symbian S60 5th Edition, initial support for desktop Unknown Local installation
Tokn[25] GPL-3.0 Android Unknown Local installation
TOTP ME[26] Open source J2ME Unknown Local installation
TOTP.CX[27] Open source Cross-platform web application Unknown Web-based
TOTP.APP[28] Open source Cross-platform web application Unknown Web-based
Yandex Key[29] Proprietary Android, iOS, iPadOS Unknown Local installation
Yubico Authenticator for Desktop[30] Proprietary Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation
Yubico Authenticator for Mobile Proprietary Android, iOS Unknown Local installation

Combined authenticator and password manager applications

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The following is an overview of password managers that include an integrated authenticator feature.

Name License Operating system support Browser integration with OTP handling Delivery format
1Password Proprietary Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
Bitwarden Server: AGPL-3.0-only
Clients: GPL-3.0-only
Freemium 2FA generation is a premium feature.[31] 		Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
Dashlane Proprietary Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
Enpass Proprietary Android, BlackBerry 10, iOS, Windows Store, Windows Phone, macOS, Windows, Linux Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
Intuitive Password Proprietary / Freemium Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows, Windows Phone Unknown Cloud-based
KeePassXC; KeePassDX XC: GPL-2.0-only or GPL-3.0-only; DX: GPL-3.0-or-later XC: Windows, Linux, macOS; DX: Android KeePassXC Browser Extension[32] for Firefox [33] , Chrome [34] , Edge [35] , or compiled from source code [36] . Local installation, external sync
Keeper Proprietary / Freemium Android, iOS, Kindle, Linux, Nook, macOS, Windows, Windows Phone Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
NordPass Proprietary / Freemium Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Linux & browser extensions Unknown Local installation with Zero Knowledge Cloud sync
pass GPL-2.0-or-later Android, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS Unknown Local installation with git sync
Passwords (Apple) Proprietary iOS, iPadOS, macOS Native: Safari
Via iCloud Passwords: Firefox,[37] Chrome [38] and Edge [39] 		Local installation with Cloud sync
Password Safe Artistic-2.0 Android, iOS, Linux (beta), FreeBSD (beta), Windows, unofficial ports (macOS, Windows Phone) Unknown Local installation, optional file or cloud sync
Pleasant Password Server Proprietary Cross-platform (browser extension and mobile app) Unknown Local installation
Proton Pass GPL-3.0-or-later Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Linux Unknown Cloud-based
RoboForm Proprietary Android, iOS, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
SafeInCloud Proprietary Android, iOS, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync
SecureSafe Proprietary Android, iOS, macOS, Windows Unknown Local installation with Cloud sync, Web version

Authenticated implementations

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Implementation Description Online sync. Operating system / Platform Default Non-default Import methods Export methods
Windows Mac Linux iOS Android Other HOTP Value length, d Hash, H Interval, TX Epoch, T0 Other: Steam or mOTP QR JSON QR JSON
1Password Cross-platform password manager[40] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Unknown No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
2FAS[3] Popular, feature rich open-source two-factor authenticator. No account required. Online backup/sync via iCloud or Google Drive Through browser extension connected to mobile app Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes
2FAuth[4] An open-source PHP web based self-hosted OTP generator, designed for both mobile and desktop. Yes, web based No Unknown Yes Yes Yes No Steam
2fast[5] Open-source two-factor authenticator. No account required. Available in Windows App Store. No Yes No No No No No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Aegis Authenticator Free and open source app for Android to manage your 2-step verification tokens.[6] Automatic backup to a location of your choosing No No No No Yes No Unknown Yes Yes Yes No Steam Yes Yes Yes Yes
andOTP[7] (unmaintained - json file handled by Aegis)[8] Open-source app for Android 4.4+. Compatible with Google Authenticator. No No No No No Yes No Unknown No No Yes No No Yes Yes
Apple Keychain Native password manager on Apple devices. Not on tvOS.[41] Yes [42] Yes [43] Yes No Yes No Apple Vision Pro Unknown Yes Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Yes The Setup URL (otpauth://) can be manually copied for each item from the edit screen of the Passwords app
Authenticator[11] GNOME circle application. Free and Open Source, community-provided, but not shipped as part of GNOME's Core apps No No No Yes No No Any desktop or mobile platform where GNOME can run Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Steam Yes Yes Yes Yes
Authenticator App by 2Stable[9] Secure two-factor authentication app for iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple Watch and Mac. Freemium app with max 2 accounts in the free version.[44] Yes No Yes No Yes No No Unknown Yes Yes Yes Unknown No
Authy By Twilio, from 2015, originally Authy.[45] Previously available for Chrome.[46] Yes Discontinued March 19, 2024[47] Yes Yes No Unknown Yes No No No No
Bitwarden Open Source Cross platform password manager. 2FA is a premium feature.[48] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Unknown Yes Yes Yes Unknown Steam[49] Yes Yes No Yes
Bitwarden Authenticator Free and open source app for Android and iOS to manage your 2-step verification tokens.[50] No No No No Yes Yes No Unknown No No No No No
Duo Mobile[12] Free 2FA authenticator provided by Cisco Yes, through iCloud or Google Drive No No No Yes Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown No
Enpass [51] Password manager by Sinew Software Systems. Syncs over multiple back-ends. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Unknown Yes No Yes Unknown No Yes
Ente Auth Free, open source, cross-platform authenticatior with encrypted cloud sync.[52] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Web Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Steam [53]
FreeOTP [15] Maintained by RedHat, and based on Google Authenticator. No No No No Yes Yes No Unknown Yes Yes Yes No No
GAuth Authenticator[16] A simple application for multi-factor authentication, written in HTML using jQuery Mobile (and PhoneGap), jsSHA and LocalStorage. Unknown Yes Yes Yes No No No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Google Authenticator Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No
Hotpants[17] Free, open-source J2ME MIDlet app to manage your TOTPs and HOTPs. Import via scanning QR code on screen No No No No No J2ME Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown No
IBM Security Verify Unknown No No No Yes Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Yes Unknown Unknown
Invantive Authenticator[54] Focuses on integration with Invantive Keychain. No Yes No No No No No Unknown Yes Yes Yes Yes No
KeePassXC [55] Password manager Through user setup with Syncthing,[56] [bettersourceneeded ] or only within the KeeWeb[57] online web App[58] Yes Yes Yes No KeePassDX[59] No Unknown Yes Yes Yes No Steam Yes
LastPass Authenticator [18] Cross-platform OTP for mobile devices with support for online backup. Yes No No No Yes Yes No Unknown Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Microsoft Authenticator Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
oathtool[19] Command-line tool for generating OTP tokens. No No No Yes No No FreeBSD,[60] NetBSD,[61] OpenBSD [62] Unknown Yes Yes Yes Yes Unknown
Open Authenticator[20] Free, open-source and multiplatform app to manage your TOTPs. Yes, requires a subscription for more than 6 TOTPs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No
privacyIDEA Authenticator[63] For use with privacyIDEA Authentication Server, with a secure enrollment process. No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Unknown
Proton Authenticator[21] Open source and available on every device. Securely sync and backup 2FA codes easily. No account required. Yes, via a Proton Account, or via iCloud on Apple devices Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Steam No Yes No Yes
SAASPASS Authenticator [22] Cross-platform 2FA Authenticator with TOTP & HOTP generator with sharing capabilities and password manager integration. Multiple device support, Mobile app and web access with multiple backup capabilities. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Steam
Stratum[23] Free and open-source two-factor authentication app for Android Unknown No No No No Yes WearOS Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Steam & mOTP
Symantec VIP Unknown No No No Yes Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tessera[24] Free, open-source Qt for Symbian and desktop app to manage your TOTPs. Unknown Initial support for desktop No Could be ported Symbian S60 5th Edition Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tokn[25] Free and open-source two-factor authentication app for Android No No No No No Yes No Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown No Yes Yes Yes Yes
TOTP ME[26] Free, open-source J2ME MIDlet app to manage your TOTPs. Manually Using MicroEmulator app[64] Unknown Using J2ME Loader app[65] J2ME or any with J2ME support or emulator Unknown Yes Yes Yes Time correction in seconds No
TOTP.CX[27] Web-based authenticator not requiring registration. Import via scanning QR code on screen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Web No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
TOTP.APP[28] Web-based authenticator not requiring registration. No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Yandex Key[29] Simple app for phones from Russian company Yes, manually, for 1 year No No No Yes Yes No No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yubico Authenticator for Desktop[30] By Yubico, for use with Yubikeys. No Yes Yes Yes N/a N/a No No Yes Yes Yes No No
Yubico Authenticator for Mobile N/a N/a N/a Yes Yes

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Mobile-OTP: Strong Two-Factor Authentication with Mobile Phones". Mobile-OTP. 15 December 2003. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
  2. ↑ "979". 979. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
  3. 1 2 "2FA Authenticator App (2FAS)". 2FAS. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  4. 1 2 "GitHub - Bubka/2FAuth: A Web app to manage your Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) accounts and generate their security codes". GitHub. Bubka. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  5. 1 2 "2fast Authenticator App (2fast)". 2fast-team. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  6. 1 2 "Aegis Authenticator - Secure 2FA app for Android". Aegis Authenticator. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  7. 1 2 "andOTP/andOTP". GitHub.
  8. 1 2 flocke (15 July 2017). "[Unmaintained][App][4.4+][Open source] andOTP - Open source two-factor authentication for Android". XDA Forums. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  9. 1 2 "Authenticator App by 2Stable" . Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "Bitwarden Authenticator". Bitwarden. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
  11. 1 2 "Authenticator – Apps for GNOME". Gnome Circle. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  12. 1 2 "Third-Party Accounts - Guide to Duo Authentication". Duo. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
  13. ↑ "Ente Auth - Open source 2FA authenticator, with E2EE backups". Ente. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
  14. ↑ "Epic Authenticator App – Supported Devices". Epic Systems. Epic Authenticator is available only for iOS, Android, and Apple Watch; no desktop versions (Windows or macOS) are provided.
  15. 1 2 "FreeOTP". freeotp.github.io.
  16. 1 2 Gerard Braad. "gauth.apps.gbraad.nl" . Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  17. 1 2 Matti (4 August 2024), baumschubser/hotpants , retrieved 12 August 2024
  18. 1 2 "LastPass - LastPass Authenticator". lastpass.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  19. 1 2 "OATH Toolkit". www.nongnu.org. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  20. 1 2 "Open Authenticator : Secure your online accounts with a free, open-source and lovely-crafted app". Skyost. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  21. 1 2 "Proton Authenticator: Private, secure 2FA authenticator | Proton". Proton. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  22. 1 2 "The 5 Best Two-Factor Authentication Apps for iPhone & Android". Gadget Hacks. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  23. 1 2 "Open-source two-factor authentication app - Stratum". Stratum. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  24. 1 2 Janiszewski, Maciej (10 April 2024), ksiazkowicz/Tessera , retrieved 12 August 2024
  25. 1 2 "Tokn" . Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  26. 1 2 Cacek, Josef (14 April 2024), kwart/totp-me , retrieved 12 August 2024
  27. 1 2 "Online one-time password generator (new app from TOTP.APP developer)". totp.cx. Retrieved 7 December 2025.
  28. 1 2 "Online one-time password generator / TOTP (Google Authenticator) Online". totp.app. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  29. 1 2 "Yandex Key - Yandex ID. Help". yandex.com. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  30. 1 2 "Using Your YubiKey with Authenticator Codes : Yubico Support". support.yubico.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  31. ↑ "Pricing for Individuals and Families | Bitwarden". Bitwarden. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "KeePassXC: Getting Started Guide". keepassxc.org. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  33. ↑ "KeePassXC-Browser – Get this Extension for 🦊 Firefox (en-US)". addons.mozilla.org. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  34. ↑ "KeePassXC-Browser - Chrome Web Store". chromewebstore.google.com. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  35. ↑ "KeePassXC-Browser - Microsoft Edge Addons". microsoftedge.microsoft.com. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  36. ↑ keepassxreboot/keepassxc-browser, KeePassXC, 7 January 2026, retrieved 8 January 2026
  37. ↑ "iCloud Passwords – Get this Extension for 🦊 Firefox (en-GB)". Add-ons for Firefox. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  38. ↑ "iCloud Passwords - Chrome Web Store". Chrome Web Store. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  39. ↑ "iCloud Passwords - Microsoft Edge Addons". Microsoft Edge Addons. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
  40. ↑ "Use 1Password as an authenticator for sites with two-factor authentication". 1Password. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  41. ↑ "Sending passwords to other users or Apple devices". Apple Support. 18 February 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  42. ↑ "Set up iCloud Keychain". Apple Support. 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  43. ↑ "Set up iCloud Passwords on your Windows computer — in: iCloud for Windows User Guide". Apple Support. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  44. ↑ "Pricing - Free vs Premium | Authenticator App" . Retrieved 29 May 2025.
  45. ↑ Lardinois, Frederic (24 February 2015). "Twilio Acquires Two-Factor Authentication Service Authy". TechCrunch. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  46. ↑ "Authy for Chrome App & Extension End of Life". Authy Support. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  47. ↑ "Business customer guide: End of Life (EOL) for use of Authy API with Twilio Authy Desktop apps". Authy Support. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  48. ↑ "Pricing for Individuals and Families | Bitwarden". Bitwarden. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  49. ↑ "Steam Guard TOTPs". Bitwarden. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  50. ↑ "Bitwarden just launched a new authenticator app. Here's what it means to users. | Bitwarden Blog". Bitwarden.
  51. ↑ "Best password manager for iOS, Android, Windows, Linux, Mac | Enpass". www.enpass.io. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  52. ↑ "Ente Auth - Open source 2FA authenticator, with E2EE backups". Ente. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  53. ↑ "Migrating from Steam Authenticator". Ente. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  54. ↑ B.V., Invantive Software. "Invantive Authenticator". two-step-verification.solutions. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  55. ↑ Team, KeePassXC. "KeePassXC 2.2.0 released - KeePassXC". keepassxc.org.
  56. ↑ "KeePassXC + KeePassDX (Android) Sync guide. A complete starting guide for new users". reddit.com. 10 September 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  57. ↑ "Free Password Manager Compatible with KeePass: KeeWeb". keeweb.info. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  58. ↑ "KeeWeb". keeweb.info. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  59. ↑ "KeePassDX". keepassdx.com. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  60. ↑ "FreshPorts -- security/oath-toolkit: Library, tools, and PAM module for OATH authentication". FreeBSD Ports .
  61. ↑ "security/oath-toolkit - The NetBSD Packages Collection".
  62. ↑ "ports/security/oath-toolkit/".
  63. ↑ "privacyIDEA Authenticator". GitHub. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  64. ↑ "totp-me - TOTP for Java ME - Google authenticator". SourceForge .
  65. ↑ Shakarun, Nikita, nikita36078/J2ME-Loader

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