Castulo
Castulo (Latin: Castulo; Iberian: Kastilo) was an Iberian town and bishopric (now Latin titular see located in the Andalusian province of Jaén, in south-central Spain,[1] near modern Linares.
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History
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Evidence of human presence since the Neolithic period has been found there. It was the seat of the Oretani, an Iberian tribe which settled in the vicinity in the north of the Guadalquivir River beginning in the sixth century BC. According to tradition, a local princess named Himilce married Hannibal, gained the alliance of the city with the Carthaginian Empire.
It probably is the place of the ancient Castax (Ancient Greek: Κάσταξ).[2]
In 211 BC, Castulo was the site of Hasdrubal Barca's crushing victory over the Roman army with a force of roughly 40,000 Carthaginian troops plus local Iberian mercenaries.[3] Thereafter the Romans made a pact with the residents of city — who then betrayed the Carthaginians — and they became foederati (allied people) of Rome. According to Livy, the inhabitants of Castulo were intimidated by Scipio Africanus ordering the wholesale massacre of the inhabitants of the neighboring Illiturgis [4]
Its medieval name was Cazlona. It lost importance even more when Andalusia fell under Islamic rule in the Middle Ages, and at the same time the nearby village of Linares grew because of its strong castle —first built as an Arab fortress, then rebuilt by the Christians after the Reconquista— overlooking the city. In 1227 the walls of Castulo were destroyed, and the town was depopulated shortly afterwards.
Ecclesiastical history
[edit ]A Bishopric of Castulo was established around 350 AD on territory split from the Andalusian diocese of Tucci (now also a titular see). Information about Christian bishops of Castulo appears in the first half of the fourth century AD through participation by its bishops in the Council of Elvira and that of Sardica. It may have been reabsorbed by Tucci.
The diocese reappears two centuries later, when in 589 a bishop of Castulo, which by then was under Visigoth rule and a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Toledo, took part in the third Council of Toledo. Other bishops of Castulo were at later Visigoth councils down to the tenth Council of Toledo in 656. Thereafter, Castulo is replaced as bishopric by the Diocese of Baeza. Enrique Flórez,[5] [6]
Titular see
[edit ]No longer a residential bishopric, Castulo is listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin titular see.[7]
It was nominally restored in 1969 and since has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank with an archiepiscopal exception:
- Titular Archbishop Angel Maria Ocampo Berrio, Jesuits (S.J.) (1970年02月20日 – resigned 1973年03月10日) as emeritate, died 1991; previously Titular Bishop of Cynopolis in Arcadia (1942年06月23日 – 1947年07月19日) as Coadjutor Bishop of Socorro y San Gil (Colombia) (1942年06月23日 – 1947年07月19日), succeeding as Bishop of Socorro y San Gil (1947年07月19日 – 1950年12月06日), then last Suffragan Bishop of Tunja (Colombia) (1950年12月06日 – 1964年06月20日), promoted first Metropolitan Archbishop of Tunja (1964年06月20日 – retired 1970年02月20日)
- Enrico Bartolucci Panaroni, Comboni Missionaries (M.C.C.J.) (1973年06月14日 – death 1995年02月10日) as Apostolic Vicar of Esmeraldas (Ecuador) (1973年06月14日 – 1995年02月10日)
- Riccardo Ruotolo (1995年12月06日 – death 2012年08月01日) as Auxiliary Bishop of Manfredonia–Vieste–San Giovanni Rotondo (Italy) (1995年12月06日 – retired 2004年02月28日) and on emeritate
- Adelio Dell’Oro (2012年12月07日 – 2015年01月31日) as last Apostolic Administrator of Apostolic Administration of Atyrau (Kazakhstan) (2012年12月07日 – 2015年05月16日), next promoted first Bishop of Karaganda (Kazakhstan) (2015年01月31日 – ...)
- Víctor Alejandro Aguilar Ledesma (2015年12月01日 – ...), Auxiliary Bishop of Morelia (Mexico).
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ Spann, P.; DARMC; Talbert, R.; Gillies, S.; Åhlfeldt, J.; Warner, R.; Becker, J.; Elliott, T. "Places: 265855 (Castulo)". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
- ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Castax
- ^ Rome and Carthage
- ^ D.S.Levene (2010). Livy on the Hannibalic War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198152958.
- ^ España Sagrada, volume VII, Madrid 1751, pages 134–160
- ^ A. Lambert, lemma Beacia, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VII, 1934, coll. 79-80
- ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), page 863
Sources and external links
[edit ]- A Brief History of Spain - Carthage and Rome, on PracticalSpain.com Archived 2008年05月12日 at the Wayback Machine
- "CÁSTULO (Cazlona) Jaén, Spain." In The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites edited by R. Stillwell et al. 1976.
- GCatholic, with titular incumbent biography links
38°02′09′′N 3°37′25′′W / 38.0359°N 3.6235°W / 38.0359; -3.6235