Capture of Arachosia
| Capture of Arachosia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Muslim conquests of Afghanistan | |||||||||
| Map of arachosia on the Asian level | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Abbasid Caliphate | Zunbil dynasty | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Caliph al-Mansur Ma'n ibn Za'ida Yazid ibn Mazyad |
Rutbil Mawand(POW) Surrendered | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknow | Unknow | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknow | 35,000 Captive | ||||||||
| massacre of many Captive | |||||||||
The capture of Arachosia in 769 was a military expedition led by the Abbasid general Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani. He was the governor of Sijistan.[1] The campaign was against the Zunbils, who were the local rulers of Arachosia (modern day southern Afghanistan) where 35,000 were captured.
Background
[edit ]
The second Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur, appointed Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani as the governor of Sijistan. After his arrival, Ma'n wanted to strengthen Abbasid authority. He demanded the payment of the annual tribute (tax). This tax was originally agreed upon during the time of the Umayyad governor Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf.
The Zunbil ruler tried to pay the tax by sending camels, Turkish tents, and slaves. However, he raised the value of these goods to double their real price. Ma'n saw this as an act of defiance and a broken agreement.[2]
The Campaign in Arachosia
[edit ]Ma'n gathered his army and marched toward Arachosia. He put Yezid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani in command of the vanguard (the front of the army).
When the Zunbil ruler heard the Abbasids were coming, he chose to avoid a direct fight. He moved from the lowlands of Arachosia to the mountains of Zabulistan. The mountains were cooler and easier to defend during the summer. Ma'n’s forces found the region undefended. They captured the territory, took many goods, and took about 30,000 captives.[3]
While leaving Arachosia, Ma'n saw a huge cloud of dust on the horizon.[4] He feared that the Zunbil's army had returned to attack and free the prisoners. To stop the prisoners from joining the enemy, Ma'n ordered his soldiers to kill them immediately.
Many prisoners were killed before the source of the dust was identified. It was soon discovered that the cloud was not caused by an army. It was caused by a large herd of wild asses running across the plains. When Ma'n realized the mistake, he ordered his men to stop the killing.[5]
Aftermath
[edit ]After the destruction of Arachosia, a high-ranking official named Mawand contacted Ma'n. Mawand was a relative or deputy of the Zunbil. He wanted to negotiate peace. Mawand asked for safe passage if he could go to see the Caliph himself.
Ma'n agreed to the request. He sent Mawand to Baghdad with 5,000 elite soldiers. Caliph al-Mansur welcomed the delegation with honor. He gave Mawand an official position and made his followers part of the Abbasid military.[6]
References
[edit ]- ↑ L Lee, Jonathan. "The antiquities and inscription of Tang-i Safedak". p. 168.
- ↑ Khaldun, Ibn. "The history of Ibn Khaldun 1-7 called The Book of lessons, the Diwan of the novice and the news Part 3". p. 197.
- ↑ Petrie, Cameron A. . "Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 (Bannu Archaeological Project)". p. 74.
- ↑ al-Jazari, Ibn al-Athir. "Al Kamel fi Tarikh V5". p. 41.
- ↑ Miskawayh, ibn. "Tajārib al-Umam wa Taʿāqub al-Himam (1–6) maʿa al-Dhayl, V3". p. 131.
- ↑ Baladhuri, Al. "Futūḥ al-Buldān". p. 408.