Camouflage tree
| Ink drawing of a camouflage tree. Plan shows a 22 inch by 18 hollow tube surrounded by bark. Section shows 2 feet and six inches underground, supported by sandbags, 2 feet bottom section, a 4-and-a-half-feet intermediate section and a 2-foot top section with observation holes and bullet-proof shutters. The camouflage tree appears modelled on a dead tree with no foilage. | |
| Type | Military invention |
|---|---|
| Inventor | Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola |
| Inception | 1915 |
| Manufacturer | Various armed forces |
| Available | No |
Camouflage trees (also known as fake trees, false trees, and observation trees) were observation posts invented in 1915 by French painter Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scevola while leading the French army's Section de Camouflage.
They were used by the armed forces of France, the United Kingdom, and Germany in trench warfare during World War I.
Nomenclature and background
[edit ]English speakers also called camouflage trees "fake trees", "observation trees,"[1] and "false trees",[2] while German speakers called them Baumbeobachter (English: tree observers).[1]
During World War I, both sides on the Western Front were engaged in trench warfare, making observations of enemy forces' activity difficult.[3]
Use
[edit ]The camouflage tree was invented by the French painter Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola, leader of the French Army's Section de Camouflage, at the request of General de Castelnau. It was first used in May 1915 during the Second Battle of Artois.[4]
The French Army subsequently shared the design with the British Army, who assigned Solomon Joseph Solomon to lead a program to make a British camouflage tree.[1] Solomon directed artist and sculptor Leon Underwood of the Royal Engineers Camouflage Section to build the tree.[5] Underwood selected a dead willow tree in no man's land between trenches, and sketched it.[3] His sketches were used to build a replica that incorporated a steel-armoured observation tower and a periscope to protect the user.[3] [6] One night in March 1916, the original tree was cut down and replaced with the camouflaged tree.[3]
The German armed forces used a camouflage tree in 1917 in the Oosttaverne (or Oostaverne) Wood near Messines, Belgium during the Battle of Messines.[7] The German design covered the viewing hole with wire mesh.[7]
Legacy
[edit ]A British camouflage tree remains in the permanent collection of the Imperial War Museum's First World War Galleries.[3]
The Australian War Memorial displayed a German camouflage tree during the centenary of World War I.[1] [8]
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ a b c d Magazine, Smithsonian; Billock, Jennifer. "These Fake Trees Were Used as Spy Posts on the Front Lines of World War I". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 2022年04月23日. Retrieved 2022年04月23日.
- ^ Taylor, Alan. "World War I in Photos: Technology - The Atlantic". www.theatlantic.com. Archived from the original on 2022年04月23日. Retrieved 2022年04月23日.
- ^ a b c d e "The Journey Of The Camouflage Tree". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 2022年08月17日. Retrieved 2022年04月22日.
- ^ "WATCH: How were trees used to kill and spy in WWI?". Al Arabiya English. 2018年11月22日. Archived from the original on 2022年04月25日. Retrieved 2022年04月23日.
- ^ "The 'dummy trees' used as WW1 observation posts". BBC Reel. Archived from the original on 2022年04月22日. Retrieved 2022年04月22日.
- ^ "Fake Tree Observation Posts of WW1". www.amusingplanet.com. Archived from the original on 2022年06月24日. Retrieved 2022年04月22日.
- ^ a b "Can't see the tree for the wood... | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2022年04月17日. Retrieved 2022年04月23日.
- ^ McLintock, Penny (2008年08月15日). "WW1 camouflage tree debarked". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2022年04月23日. Retrieved 2022年04月23日.
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