Baloch of Turkmenistan
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 87,503 (2022 census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| mainly Merv, but also Ashgabat, Baýramaly, Sarahs [2] | |
| Languages | |
| Balochi, Turkmen | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Iranian peoples, Baloch diaspora |
|
History Ancient Medieval Baloch nationalism . Insurgency in Balochistan . Dad Shah . Baloch people in Iran . Baloch of Afghanistan |
The Baloch of Turkmenistan (Balochi: ترکمنستانءِ بلۏچ (Perso-Arabic) / Туркманиста̄нӣ Бало̄ч (Cyrillic)) are a small part of the greater Baloch people who live primarily in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. The 2022 census revealed the number of ethnic Baloch in Turkmenistan is 87,503. This figure corresponds to 1.24% of the population.[3]
They immigrated into the Merv and the Murghab River inland delta from the areas west and north of Herat, Afghanistan, Chakhansur district in the province of Nimruz(Baloch of Afghanistan) and Iran in the mid 19th century.[4] [5] More followed in the early 20th century and before closure of the Russian/Soviet borders under Stalin in 1925.
Background
[edit ]The Mervi Beluch are closely related to those Baloch in Afghanistan[6] and Iran who live near the modern borders of Turkmenistan.[5] Kerim Khan is one of the prominent of the Baloch of Turkmenistan, who helped Turkmens arrested by the Soviet government from prison.[7] Except the Baloch, the entire ancient oasis is now Turkified, with the Turkmens forming a vast majority of the population.
Under Soviet Turkmenistan, textbooks in the Balochi language based on the Latin script and newspapers in Balochi were published in Ashgabat and Mary,[7] but since the independence of Turkmenistan, the Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov had closed almost all non-Turkmen schools.[8]
In 1926, the Baluch of Merv Oasis numbered 9,974. Their numbers fell to 7,842 in the official statistics by 1959; however, the population rose to 12,582 by 1970 and 18,997 by 1979.[9] [10]
The Baloch of Turkmenistan are Sunni Hanafi Muslims.[11] The Baloch in Turkmenistan speak the Western Balochi dialect (Rakhshani dialect), and Turkmen is used as the literary language.[12] [13]
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ https://www.stat.gov.tm/en/population-census
- ^ Kokaislová, Pavla; Kokaisl, Petr (2012). "Ethnic Identity of the Baloch People".
- ^ "State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics". www.stat.gov.tm. Retrieved 2025年02月08日.
- ^ BARJASTEH DELFOROOZ, BEHROOZ (2010). "Discourse Features in Balochi of Sistan". Uppsala University : 17–18.
- ^ a b Axenov, Serge. Balochi Language of Turkmenistan: A Corpus-based Grammatical Description (Studia Iranica Upsaliensia). ISBN 9155467660.
- ^ Lutz, Rzehak (2003). "Some thoughts and material on Balochi in Afghanistan".
- ^ a b Kokaislová & Kokaisl, Pavla & Petr (2019). "The Ethnic Identity of Turkmenistan's Baloch". Asian Ethnology. 78 (1): 181–196. JSTOR 26704760.
- ^ "Жизнь курдской общины в Туркменистане [The life of the Kurdish community in Turkmenistan]". Gündogar (in Russian). Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР (in Russian). Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union. London: Routledge. p. 362. ISBN 0-7103-0188-X.
- ^ Minahan, James (2013). Miniature Empires. Routledge. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-135-94010-2.
- ^ Jahani & Korn, Carina & Agnes (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours. Reichert. p. 252. ISBN 978-3-89500-366-0.
Further reading
[edit ]- Wixman, Ronald. The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1984) p. 25-26.
- MOSHKALO, Vyacheslav V. 2000: "Language and Culture of the Baloch in Turkmenistan". In: Carina JAHANI (ed.): Language in Society – Eight Sociolinguistic Essays on Balochi [Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 3]. Uppsala: Uppsala University, pp. 97–103
- Languages of Turkmenistan, Ethnologue.com