2016 World Cup of Hockey
Coupe du monde de hockey 2016 | |
---|---|
Tournament details | |
Host country | Canada |
Venue(s) | Air Canada Centre |
Dates | September 17–29, 2016 |
Teams | 8 |
Final positions | |
Champions | Canada (2nd title) |
Tournament statistics | |
Games played | 16 |
Goals scored | 79 (4.94 per game) |
Attendance | 265,482 (16,593 per game) |
Scoring leader(s) | Canada Sidney Crosby (10 pts) |
Awards | |
MVP | Canada Sidney Crosby |
The 2016 World Cup of Hockey (abbreviated WCH2016) was an international ice hockey tournament.[1] It was the third installment of the National Hockey League (NHL)-sanctioned competition, 12 years after the second World Cup of Hockey in 2004. It was held from September 17 to September 29 at Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Canada won the championship, defeating Team Europe in the best-of-three final.
Teams
[edit ]The teams were officially announced on September 10, 2015, by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The teams were:[2]
- Canada (24-and-over players) — host
- Czech Republic
- Finland
- Russia
- Sweden
- United States (24-and-over players)
- Austria Denmark France Germany Norway Slovakia Slovenia Switzerland Europe (Players from European nations not already represented in the tournament.)
- Canada United States North America (23-and-under players)
2015 IIHF Rankings
[edit ]- Europe (unranked)
- North America (unranked)
National anthems
[edit ]The national anthem for each team playing was played before the start of each game. However, there were two exceptions: no anthem was played for Team Europe because of the team's multiple national representatives, while both "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "O Canada" were played before games Team North America played.[3] Team Europe players wore badges with their respective nations' flags on their jerseys.[4]
Rosters
[edit ]Each team's roster was limited to twenty skaters (forwards and defencemen) and three goaltenders. All eight participating teams submitted their initial roster of sixteen players on March 2, 2016.
Jerseys
[edit ]Each one of the national teams' players wore a customized jersey manufactured by Adidas.[5]
Jerseys
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Group A[edit ] Czech Republic
Canada
USA
Team Europe
Group B[edit ] Finland
Russia
Sweden
Team North America
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Venue
[edit ]In contrast to previous World Cups, all contests in the 2016 World Cup were held at the same site.
Air Canada Centre Capacity: 18,819 |
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Canada – Toronto |
Pre-tournament venues
[edit ]Pre-tournament venues
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The following venues were used across North America and Europe in the pre-tournament schedule
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Pre-tournament games
[edit ]All games are Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−04:00).[6]
Start date: September 8, 2016. Source: National Hockey League
12:30 PM Czech Republic 3–4
(1–1, 0–2, 2–1) Russia Yubileyny Sports Palace, Saint Petersburg
Attendance: 6,311
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Petr Mrázek | Goalies | Sergei Bobrovsky | Referees: Gord Dwyer Konstantin Olenin Linesmen: Michel Cormier Gleb Lazarev | |
12 min | Penalties | 10 min | ||
32 | Shots | 28 |
12:00 PM Sweden 2–3 OT
(0–0, 1–1, 1–1, 0–1) Finland Hartwall Arena, Helsinki
Attendance: 11,634
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jhonas Enroth Jacob Markström | Goalies | Pekka Rinne | Referees: Eric Furlatt Anssi Salonen Linesmen: Steve Miller Sakari Suominen | |
0–1 Barkov (PP) – 34:40 | ||||
14 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
20 | Shots | 24 |
8:00 PM North America 4–0
(0–0, 3–0, 1–0) Europe Videotron Centre, Quebec City
Attendance: 18,005
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Matt Murray | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Wes McCauley Dan O'Halloran Linesmen: Brian Murphy Jonny Murray | |
Nugent-Hopkins – 26:22 2–0 MacKinnon (PS) – 52:52 4–0 | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 2 min | ||
21 | Shots | 23 |
7:00 PM Canada 2–4
(0–2, 1–1, 1–1) United States Nationwide Arena, Columbus
Attendance: 17,791
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Ben Bishop Jonathan Quick | Referees: Dan O'Rourke Kelly Sutherland Linesmen: Derek Amell Shane Heyer | |
2–4 Stepan (EN) – 58:39 | ||||
10 min | Penalties | 21 min | ||
43 | Shots | 25 |
10:30 AM Russia 1–2 SO
(0–0, 0–0, 1–1, 0–0) Czech Republic O2 Arena, Prague
Attendance: 13,848
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Semyon Varlamov | Goalies | Michal Neuvirth | Referees: Gord Dwyer Jan Hribik Linesmen: Michel Cormier Libor Suchanek | |
Panarin MISS Tarasenko GOAL Kucherov MISS | Shootout | Pastrňák MISS Voráček GOAL Hemský GOAL | ||
12 min | Penalties | 12 min | ||
21 | Shots | 34 |
12:00 PM Finland 3–6
(0–2, 2–1, 1–3) Sweden Scandinavium, Gothenburg
Attendance: 12,044
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Tuukka Rask | Goalies | Henrik Lundqvist | Referees: Eric Furlatt Tobias Björk Linesmen: Henrik Pihlblad Andreas Malmqvist | |
0–3 Hörnqvist – 33:55 | ||||
14 min | Penalties | 12 min | ||
14 | Shots | 29 |
7:00 PM United States 2–5
(1–3, 1–1, 0–1) Canada Canadian Tire Centre, Ottawa
Attendance: 18,687
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ben Bishop Cory Schneider | Goalies | Corey Crawford Braden Holtby | Referees: Wes McCauley Chris Lee Linesmen: Brian Murphy Jonny Murray | |
28 min | Penalties | 24 min | ||
23 | Shots | 38 |
6:00 PM Europe 4–7
(1–5, 2–0, 1–2) North America Bell Centre, Montreal
Attendance: 17,243
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Thomas Greiss Jaroslav Halák | Goalies | John Gibson | Referees: Kelly Sutherland Dan O'Rourke Linesmen: Derek Amell Shane Heyer | |
8 min | Penalties | 2 min | ||
33 | Shots | 33 |
7:00 PM Finland 2–3
(0–1, 0–2, 2–0) United States Verizon Center, Washington, D.C.
Attendance: 15,653
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pekka Rinne | Goalies | Jonathan Quick | Referees: Dan O'Rourke Chris Lee Linesmen: Shane Heyer Pierre Racicot | |
Jokinen (Ristolainen) – 55:27 2–3 | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 10 min | ||
32 | Shots | 29 |
3:30 PM Czech Republic 3–2
(1–0, 0–0, 2–2) North America CONSOL Energy Center, Pittsburgh
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Michal Neuvirth Petr Mrázek | Goalies | Matt Murray Connor Hellebuyck | Referees: Eric Furlatt Wes McCauley Linesmen: Steve Miller Michel Cormier | |
16 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
29 | Shots | 44 |
7:00 PM Sweden 2–6
(0–1, 1–2, 1–3) Europe Verizon Center, Washington, D.C.
Attendance: 13,523
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jacob Markström Henrik Lundqvist | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Kelly Sutherland Chris Lee Linesmen: Brian Murphy Pierre Racicot | |
1–4 Vanek (Zuccarello) – 45:01 | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
36 | Shots | 24 |
7:30 PM Canada 3–2 OT
(1–0, 0–0, 1–2, 1–0) Russia CONSOL Energy Center, Pittsburgh
Attendance: 12,332
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Sergei Bobrovsky | Referees: Dan O'Halloran Gord Dwyer Linesmen: Derek Amell Jonny Murray | |
14 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
48 | Shots | 26 |
Group stage
[edit ]All games are Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−04:00).[6]
Group A
[edit ]
Pos | Team | GP | W | L | OTL | ROW | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 3 | +11 | 6 | Advance to knockout stage |
2 | Europe | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 6 | +1 | 4 | |
3 | Czech Republic | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 | −6 | 3 | |
4 | United States | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11 | −6 | 0 |
Rules for classification: If two teams tie, then the result of their game breaks the tie. If three or more teams tie, then the following criteria are used: Regulation plus overtime wins (ROW), regulation wins (RW), goal differential (diff), and total goals for (GF).
3:30 PM Europe 3–0
(1–0, 2–0, 0–0) United States Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 18,959
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jaroslav Halák | Goalies | Jonathan Quick | Referees: Gord Dwyer Kelly Sutherland Linesmen: Shane Heyer Derek Amell | |
8 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
17 | Shots | 35 |
8:00 PM Canada 6–0
(3–0, 2–0, 1–0) Czech Republic Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 18,978
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Michal Neuvirth | Referees: Eric Furlatt Chris Lee Linesmen: Steve Miller Michel Cormier | |
Marchand (Burns, Crosby) – 17:08 2–0 Bergeron (Marchand) – 19:59 3-0 Pietrangelo (Doughty, Tavares) (PP) – 52:41 6-0 | ||||
12 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
50 | Shots | 27 |
3:00 PM Czech Republic 2–3 OT
(0–0, 1–1, 1–1)
(OT 0–1) Europe Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 8,574
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Petr Mrázek | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Eric Furlatt Kelly Sutherland Linesmen: Steve Miller Brian Murphy | |
1–2 42:17 – Zuccarello (Halák) 2–3 62:06 – Draisaitl (Zuccarello) | ||||
12 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
30 | Shots | 41 |
8:00 PM Canada 4–2
(3–1, 1–0, 0–1) United States Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,106
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Jonathan Quick | Referees: Wes McCauley Eric Furlatt Linesmen: Shane Heyer Michel Cormier | |
Duchene (Burns) – 12:07 3–1 | ||||
6 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
34 | Shots | 36 |
8:00 PM Canada 4–1
(2–0, 1–1, 1–0) Europe Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 18,926
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Corey Crawford | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Dan O'Rourke Dan O'Halloran Linesmen: Brian Murphy Pierre Racicot | |
Crosby (Bouwmeester) – 4:01 1–0 Toews (Couture) – 34:48 3–1 Couture (Toews, Vlasic) – 57:33 4–1 | ||||
6 min | Penalties | 12 min | ||
46 | Shots | 20 |
8:00 PM Czech Republic 4–3
(1–1, 3–1, 0–1) United States Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 11,987
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Petr Mrázek | Goalies | Ben Bishop | Referees: Gord Dwyer Chris Lee Linesmen: Michel Cormier Steve Miller | |
M. Michálek – 26:03 2–1 | ||||
6 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
27 | Shots | 39 |
Group B
[edit ]
Pos | Team | GP | W | L | OTL | ROW | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sweden | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 5 | Advance to knockout stage |
2 | Russia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 5 | +3 | 4 | |
3 | North America | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 8 | +3 | 4 | |
4 | Finland | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0 |
Rules for classification: If two teams tie, then the result of their game breaks the tie.
3:00 PM Russia 1–2
(0–0, 0–2, 1–0) Sweden Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 18,966
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sergei Bobrovsky | Goalies | Jacob Markström | Referees: Wes McCauley Dan O'Rourke Linesmen: Brian Murphy Jonny Murray | |
8 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
28 | Shots | 29 |
8:00 PM Finland 1–4
(0–1, 0–3, 1–0) North America Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,029
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pekka Rinne | Goalies | Matt Murray | Referees: Dan O'Halloran Chris Lee Linesmen: Michel Cormier Pierre Racicot | |
0–4 34:37 – MacKinnon (Parayko) | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
25 | Shots | 43 |
8:00 PM North America 3–4
(1–0, 1–4, 1–0) Russia Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,078
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Matt Murray John Gibson | Goalies | Sergei Bobrovsky | Referees: Gord Dwyer Dan O'Halloran Linesmen: Shane Heyer Derek Amell | |
10 min | Penalties | 16 min | ||
46 | Shots | 25 |
3:00 PM Finland 0–2
(0–0, 0–1, 0–1) Sweden Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 11,604
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Tuukka Rask | Goalies | Henrik Lundqvist | Referees: Dan O'Rourke Chris Lee Linesmen: Pierre Racicot Jonny Murray | |
0–2 Eriksson (EN) – 59:57 | ||||
8 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
36 | Shots | 29 |
3:00 PM North America 4–3 OT
(3–2, 0–0, 0–1)
(OT 1–0) Sweden Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,104
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
John Gibson | Goalies | Henrik Lundqvist | Referees: Kelly Sutherland Gord Dwyer Linesmen: Derek Amell Steve Miller | |
Gaudreau (Gostisbehere) – 13:57 3–1 3–2 16:28 – Bäckström (Forsberg, Karlsson) MacKinnon (Gaudreau, Gostisbehere) – 64:11 4–3 | ||||
10 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
49 | Shots | 38 |
3:00 PM Finland 0–3
(0–0, 0–2, 0–1) Russia Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 12,098
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Tuukka Rask | Goalies | Sergei Bobrovsky | Referees: Eric Furlatt Wes McCauley Linesmen: Jonny Murray Shane Heyer | |
0–2 25:01 – Telegin (Shipachyov) | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
21 | Shots | 22 |
Knockout stage
[edit ]All times are local, Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−04:00).[6]
Bracket
[edit ]Semi-finals
[edit ]7:00 PM Canada 5–3
(1–0, 1–2, 3–1) Russia Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,021
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Sergei Bobrovsky | Referees: Kelly Sutherland Wes McCauley Linesmen: Brian Murphy Pierre Racicot | |
Sidney Crosby – 7:40 1–0 Marchand (Crosby, Bergeron) – 41:16 3–2 | ||||
6 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||
47 | Shots | 34 |
1:00 PM Sweden 2–3 (OT)
(0–0, 1–1, 1–1)
(OT 0–1) Europe Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 12,595
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Henrik Lundqvist | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Dan O'Halloran Dan O'Rourke Linesmen: Derek Amell Jonny Murray | |
2–3 63:43 – Tatar (Zuccarello, Kopitar) | ||||
6 min | Penalties | 8 min | ||
39 | Shots | 31 |
Final
[edit ]The final was played in a best-of-three format.
8:00 PM Canada 3–1
(2–0, 0–1, 1–0) Europe Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 18,377
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Carey Price | Goalies | Jaroslav Halák | Referees: Wes McCauley Kelly Sutherland Linesmen: Brian Murphy Pierre Racicot | |
Bergeron (Crosby, Marchand) – 49:24 3–1 | ||||
4 min | Penalties | 2 min | ||
38 | Shots | 33 |
8:00 PM Europe 1–2
(1–0, 0–0, 0–2) Canada Air Canada Centre, Toronto
Attendance: 19,080
Game reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jaroslav Halák | Goalies | Carey Price | Referees: Dan O'Rourke Dan O'Halloran Linesmen: Derek Amell Jonny Murray | |
10 min | Penalties | 4 min | ||
34 | Shots | 33 |
Ranking and statistics
[edit ]
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Final standings
[edit ]Scoring leaders
[edit ]List depicts skaters sorted by points, then goals.
Player | Team | GP | G | A | Pts | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada Sidney Crosby | Canada | 6 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 8 |
Canada Brad Marchand | Canada | 6 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
Canada Patrice Bergeron | Canada | 6 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 |
Canada Jonathan Toews | Canada | 6 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
United States Johnny Gaudreau | North America | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
Sweden Nicklas Bäckström | Sweden | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
Canada Matt Duchene | Canada | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
Sweden Erik Karlsson | Sweden | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Canada Logan Couture | Canada | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
Canada John Tavares | Canada | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Norway Mats Zuccarello | Europe | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Source: WCH2016
Leading goaltenders
[edit ]Only goaltenders who played greater than or equal to one-third of the team's minutes are included.
Player | Team | GP | W | GA | GAA | SVS% | SO | MIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada Carey Price | Canada | 5 | 5 | 7 | 1.40 | 0.957 | 1 | 300 |
Slovakia Jaroslav Halák | Europe | 6 | 3 | 13 | 2.15 | 0.941 | 1 | 362 |
Sweden Henrik Lundqvist | Sweden | 3 | 1 | 7 | 2.25 | 0.940 | 1 | 187 |
United States John Gibson | North America | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2.09 | 0.932 | 0 | 86 |
Russia Sergei Bobrovsky | Russia | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2.53 | 0.930 | 1 | 237 |
Czech Republic Petr Mrázek | Czech Republic | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2.98 | 0.925 | 1 | 121 |
Finland Tuukka Rask | Finland | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2.02 | 0.920 | 0 | 119 |
Source: WCH2016
Broadcasting
[edit ]In Canada, Rogers Communications held broadcast rights to the tournament; the tournament was aired by Sportsnet in English and TVA Sports in French. Similarly to its sub-licensing agreement for Hockey Night in Canada , the semi-finals and finals were simulcast by CBC Television.[7] [8] Although it was initially reported that Rogers was allowed to match competing bids for the rights (such as by Bell Media and ESPN's TSN) per its holding of exclusive national media rights to the NHL in Canada, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman denied that there was such a rule, and that the bidding process was "competitive".[9]
In the United States, the tournament was broadcast by ESPN and ESPN Deportes in English and Spanish, respectively; NBC Sports, the national rightsholder of the NHL in the United States, passed on the tournament due to scheduling conflicts with various events being broadcast by its networks in that period of time.[9] [10]
ESPN also broadcast the tournament for the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, the Commonwealth Caribbean, the Pacific Rim and Brazil. In Russia, the tournament was broadcast by Channel One and Match TV. In Finland, the tournament was broadcast by Viasat Sport and Nelonen. In Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the tournament was broadcast by Viasat Sport. In the Czech Republic, the tournament and exhibition games were broadcast by public channel ČT Sport and in Slovakia by Markíza. In Germany, the tournament was broadcast by Sport 1. In Poland, the tournament was broadcast by public channel TVP Sport.[citation needed ]
The broadcasts incorporated the use of technology by British firm Supponor to allow for the digital replacement of advertising on the rink boards on selected camera shots. These allowed a single advertiser at a time to brand the entire board, localization of advertising in different media markets, and other customized graphics to be substituted onto the boards. Advertisements are replaced when cameras shots are switched to minimize distractions.[11]
Officials
[edit ]The NHL selected seven of their referees and seven linesmen to officiate the tournament.[12]
Referees | Linesmen |
---|---|
Canada 19 – Gord Dwyer | Canada 75 – Derek Amell |
Canada 27 – Eric Furlatt | Canada 76 – Michel Cormier |
Canada 28 – Chris Lee | Canada 55 – Shane Heyer |
Canada 4 – Wes McCauley | Canada 89 – Steve Miller |
Canada 13 – Dan O'Halloran | United States 93 – Brian Murphy |
Canada 9 – Dan O'Rourke | Canada 95 – Jonny Murray |
Canada 11 – Kelly Sutherland | Canada 65 – Pierre Racicot |
See also
[edit ]- 2016 IIHF World Championship
- 1996 World Cup of Hockey
- 2004 World Cup of Hockey
- National Hockey League
- International Ice Hockey Federation
References
[edit ]- ^ World Cup of Hockey 2016 http://www.wch2016.com official website
- ^ "NHL, NHLPA, IIHF launch World Cup". iihf.com. International Ice Hockey Federation. September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
- ^ "World Cup of Hockey Need-to-Know: Tournament rules - Sportsnet.ca".
- ^ Matt Higgins (September 18, 2016). "With No Flag, Team Europe's Players Rally Around Themselves at World Cup of Hockey". The New York Times . Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ "Jerseys unveiled for World Cup of Hockey". NHL.com. March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ a b c "2016 World Cup of Hockey schedule announced". nhl.com. NHL Public Relations. September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
- ^ "Sportsnet announces World Cup of Hockey broadcast schedule". Sportsnet.ca. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "World Cup of Hockey: Watch semis and final on CBC Sports". CBC Sports. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ a b "Why NHL chose ESPN, Sportsnet for World Cup of Hockey". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo! Canada Inc. March 4, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
- ^ "Sportsnet acquires rights to World Cup of Hockey". Sportsnet.ca. Rogers Digital Media. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
- ^ "NHL hopes to score with virtual advertisements on rink boards". The Globe and Mail . September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- ^ "Referees and Linesmen Announced for 2016 World Cup of Hockey". Scouting the Refs. July 2, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.