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1Password

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Password management software
1Password
1Password official wordmark, with a representation of a tumbler-style lock cylinder
1Password (version 8)'s initial "Unlock" dialog, with logo resembling a pin tumbler lock cylinder's keyhole above a text field input for the user's account password
Initial unlock dialog requiring user's account password
Developer 1Password Inc.
ReleaseJune18,2006(2006年06月18日)[1]
Stable release(s) [±]
Windows 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[2]
macOS 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[3]
Linux 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[4]
Android 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[5]
iOS 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[6]
Browser extension 8.12.22 / June2, 2026;58 days ago(2026年06月02日)[7]
CLI 2.34.0 / April16, 2026;3 months ago(2026年04月16日)[8]
SCIM Bridge2.9.14 / March3, 2026;4 months ago(2026年03月03日)[9]
Preview release(s) [±]
Windows8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[10]
macOS8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[11]
Linux8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[12]
Android8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[13]
iOS8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[14]
Browser extension8.12.24-24 / June3, 2026;57 days ago(2026年06月03日)[15]
CLI2.35.0-beta.01 / April15, 2026;3 months ago(2026年04月15日)[16]
Platform Android, ChromeOS,[17] iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows, WatchOS, and web browsers Chrome, Opera, Safari, Edge, Firefox and Brave [18]
Type Password manager
License Software as a service
Website1password.com
As ofOctober 2021

1Password is a password manager developed by the Canadian software company AgileBits Inc. It supports multiple platforms such as iOS, Android, Windows, Linux, and macOS.[19] It provides a place for users to store various passwords, software licenses, and other sensitive information in a virtual vault that is locked with a PBKDF2-guarded master password.[20] [21] By default, the user’s encrypted vault is hosted on 1Password’s servers for a monthly fee.[22]

Password file synchronisation

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1Password can be configured through 1Password.com, a paid subscription-based server sync service maintained by the developers. Local Wi-Fi and iCloud sync were only available on iOS and macOS in previous versions.[23] [24] [25]

In 2017, the Travel Mode feature was introduced for subscribers of 1Password.com, which enables the omission of password entries not tagged as safe for travel from the local storage on a particular device, reducing the impact of being obliged by officials to unlock access at the country border crossings.[26] [27]

Browser extensions

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1Password integrates with desktop web browsers including Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Opera.[28] The extension can remember logins for websites, fill in website logins automatically, and generate random passwords for new websites.[29]

To use browser extensions, the user must have administrative rights on the computer where the browser is installed. This has been a problem with users on a PC assigned by a workplace without admin rights. To address this problem, 1Password offers plans for a monthly subscription fee aimed at businesses that allow web access to their usernames and passwords which can be copied and pasted into login screens.[30] Plans for family and individual use are also available.[31]

1Password also offers a standalone extension called 1Password X, available for Firefox, Chrome, and Opera.[32] 1Password X is designed to work without a companion desktop app, but a 1Password.com subscription is required.[33]

On the mobile side, 1Password offers integration with browsers and apps on iOS and Android devices using various methods. More convenient methods of filling and saving login information are provided in iOS 12 [34] and Android Oreo (and later),[35] respectively.

History

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In 2016, Der Standard highlighted 1Password to its readers as an effective tool for managing and organizing passwords.[36] In a 2017 Consumer Reports article, Dan Guido, the CEO of Trail of Bits, listed 1Password as a popular password manager (alongside Dashlane, KeePass, and LastPass), with the choice among them mostly up to personal preferences.[22]

Unlike previous versions, 1Password 7 became a subscription service, though perpetual licenses were still available from within the app (64ドル.99 in 2018[37] ).[22] [38] The option to store password vaults locally was removed in 1Password 8, which drew criticism.[39]

On November 14, 2019, 1Password announced a partnership with venture capital firm Accel, which invested 200ドル million in a Series A funding round and obtained a minority stake in the company.[40] It was the first outside funding in 1Password's history, and the largest single investment Accel had made to date.[41]

In 2021, 1Password acquired SecretHub, a Dutch cybersecurity company.[42] It also raised 100ドル million in financing with a valuation of 2ドル billion.[43]

In January 2022, 1Password raised a 620ドル million Series C round, the biggest funding round in Canadian history, led by Iconiq Growth, increasing the company's valuation to 6ドル.8 billion. Notable individual investors that took part in this round were Ryan Reynolds, Robert Downey Jr., and Justin Timberlake.[44]

In November 2022, 1Password announced its acquisition of Texas-based Passkey tool provider Passage for an undisclosed sum.[45]

In September 2023, 1Password surpassed 250ドル million in annual recurring revenue where more than two-thirds of its revenue is generated from more than 100,000 business customers.[46]

In November 2025, CEO David Faugno told CNBC that 1Password had surpassed 400ドル million in annual recurring revenue, and that the company was weighing a possible IPO in 2026 or 2027.[47]

Security Criticism

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2017 Cloudbleed

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In 2017, the Cloudflare infrastructure bug known as Cloudbleed raised concerns about potential data leakage affecting many major online services.[48] 1Password stated that its users were not at risk, emphasizing that its data remained protected through end-to-end encryption and did not rely solely on TLS.[49]

2017 Security vulnerabilities in Android App

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A 2017 analysis by the Fraunhofer-Institut für Sichere Informationstechnologie (SIT) identified several security flaws in multiple Android password managers, including 1Password.[50] The issues, which include Password Leakage,[51] Https downgrade to http URL[52] Titles and URLs Not Encrypted in Database[53] Read Private Data[54] and Information Leaked[55] were reported to the developers and subsequently fixed.[56]

2023 Okta Customer Service Breach

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In October 2023, it was disclosed that 1Password was affected by a security incident involving Okta’s customer support system. According to 1Password, the suspicious activity was quickly contained, and no user, employee, or other sensitive data was compromised.[57]

2024 Evaluation of Password Checkup Tools

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A 2024 study by Hutchinson et al. examined the "password checkup" features of 14 password managers, including 1Password, using weak, breached, and randomly generated passwords. The authors found that the evaluated products reported weak and compromised passwords inconsistently and sometimes incompletely. No manager successfully flagged all known breached passwords. The study concludes that such inconsistencies may give users a false sense of security.[58]

2025 DOM-based Extension Clickjacking

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Security researcher Marek Tóth presented a vulnerability in browser extensions of several password managers (including 1Password) at DEF CON 33 on August 9, 2025. In their default configurations, these extensions were shown to be exposed to a DOM-based extension clickjacking technique, allowing attackers to exfiltrate user data with just a single click.[59] The affected password manager vendors were notified in April 2025. According to Tóth, 1Password version 8.11.8.40 remains vulnerable.[60]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "1Password 1.0.0 Release". Archived from the original on 2015年02月15日. Retrieved 2015年02月14日.
  2. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/windows/stable/
  3. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/mac/stable/
  4. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/linux/stable/
  5. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/android/stable/
  6. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/ios/stable/
  7. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/b5x/stable/
  8. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/developers/cli/
  9. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/provisioning/scim-bridge/
  10. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/windows/beta/
  11. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/mac/beta/
  12. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/linux/beta/
  13. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/android/beta/
  14. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/ios/beta/
  15. ↑ https://releases.1password.com/b5x/beta/
  16. ↑ https://app-updates.agilebits.com/product_history/CLI2
  17. ↑ Brangers, Gabriel (February 21, 2019). "1Password Optimized For Chrome OS: One Password Manager To Rule Them All". Chrome Unboxed - the Latest Chrome Os News. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  18. ↑ "Get started with 1Password in your browser". 1Password Support. 2021年05月17日. Archived from the original on 2021年08月13日. Retrieved 2021年08月13日.
  19. ↑ "Top 10 Best Password Managers [NEW 2023 Rankings]". Software Testing Help. Archived from the original on 2022年12月15日. Retrieved 2022年12月15日.
  20. ↑ Haslam, Oliver (28 August 2018). "Are password managers safe?". 1Password Blog. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  21. ↑ Goldberg, Jeffrey (16 March 2013). "1Password hashcat strong master passwords". 1Password Blog. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  22. 1 2 3 Chaikivsky, Andrew (2017年02月07日). "Everything You Need to Know About Password Managers". Consumer Reports. Archived from the original on 2019年02月23日. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  23. ↑ Fleishman, Glenn (2018年06月11日). "1Password 7 for Mac review: Password manager with small improvements that add up". Macworld. Archived from the original on 2019年01月25日. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  24. ↑ Myers, Robert McGinley (8 August 2017). "The Best Password App and Manager (and why you need one)". The Sweet Setup. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  25. ↑ Tedeschi, Bob (2010年11月03日). "Apps to Manage Your Cluster of Passwords". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  26. ↑ Kastrenakes, Jacob (2017年05月23日). "1Password adds a 'travel mode' to keep your passwords safe at the border". The Verge . Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  27. ↑ "1Password will vor Spionage durch Grenzbehörden schützen". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  28. ↑ Rubenking, Neil J. (14 June 2018). "AgileBits 1Password - Review 2018". PCMag UK. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  29. ↑ "Use the 1Password extension to save and fill passwords on your Mac or Windows PC". 1Password. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  30. ↑ "The most secure password manager for teams". 1Password. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  31. ↑ "Password manager to keep your family safe". 1Password. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  32. ↑ Wagenseil, Paul (2019年02月15日). "Best Password Managers 2019". Tom's Guide. Archived from the original on 2019年02月22日. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  33. ↑ Teare, Dave (13 November 2017). "1Password X: A look at the future of 1Password in the browser". 1Password Blog. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  34. ↑ Cao, Peter (2018年08月21日). "Hands-on with 1Password and iOS 12's Password AutoFill feature". 9to5Mac. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  35. ↑ El Khoury, Rita (2017年03月25日). "AgileBits shows us how Android O's autofill API works with a 1Password demo". Android Police. Archived from the original on 2018年08月24日. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  36. ↑ "Schluss mit "123456": 1. Februar ist "Change your password"-Tag". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  37. ↑ Riley, Sean (2018年11月16日). "1Password Review: For the Apple Faithful". Tom's Guide. Archived from the original on 2019年04月15日. Retrieved 2019年02月23日.
  38. ↑ Riley, Sean (2018年11月16日). "1Password Review: For the Apple Faithful". Tom's Guide. Archived from the original on 2020年05月01日. Retrieved 2019年12月12日.
  39. ↑ Bell, Killian (12 August 2021). "1Password upsets long-time fans with big version 8 update for Mac". www.cultofmac.com. Archived from the original on 2024年02月27日. Retrieved 2025年10月27日.
  40. ↑ "1Password partners with Accel for continued growth | 1Password". 1Password Blog. 2019年11月14日. Retrieved 2019年11月14日.
  41. ↑ "Fourteen years after launching, 1Password takes a 200ドルM Series A". TechCrunch. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 2019年11月14日.
  42. ↑ "1Password acquires Dutch startup to hone secret-keeping". Fortune. Retrieved 2021年07月21日.
  43. ↑ Silcoff, Sean (27 July 2021). "Shopify, Slack executives join 100ドル-million financing of Toronto's 1Password as valuation hits 2ドル-billion". The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2021年07月27日.
  44. ↑ Page, Carly (19 January 2022). "Remote work and cloud adoption lands 1Password with 620ドルM Series C, now valued at 6ドル.8B". TechCrunch. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  45. ↑ "1Password Announces its Acquisition of Texas-based Passkey tool provider, Passage". Insider Apps. Archived from the original on 2022年11月11日. Retrieved 2022年11月11日.
  46. ↑ "1Password Surpasses 250ドル Million in ARR, Propelled by Rapid B2B Growth". www.businesswire.com. 2023年09月19日. Archived from the original on 2023年11月01日. Retrieved 2023年11月01日.
  47. ↑ "Matthew McConaughey, Ryan Reynolds-backed password manager tops 400ドル million in ARR on AI tail winds". www.cnbc.com. 2025年11月06日. Retrieved 2025年11月07日.
  48. ↑ "Cloudbleed: Schwere Lücke plaudert sensible Daten von Millionen Internet-Nutzern aus". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  49. ↑ "Three layers of encryption keeps you safe when SSL/TLS fails | 1Password". 1password.com. 2017年02月23日. Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  50. ↑ "Passwort-Manager unter Android mit gravierenden Defiziten". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  51. ↑ "SIK-2016-038". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  52. ↑ "SIK-2016-039". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  53. ↑ "SIK-2016-040". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  54. ↑ "SIK-2016-041". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  55. ↑ "SIK-2016-042". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  56. ↑ "Password-Manager Apps". TeamSIK (in German). Retrieved 2025年11月22日.
  57. ↑ "1Password Becomes Latest Victim of Okta Customer Service Breach". Dark Reading. Retrieved 2025年11月09日.
  58. ↑ Hutchinson, Adryana; Munyendo, Collins W.; Aviv, Adam J; Mayer, Peter (2024年05月11日). "An Analysis of Password Managers' Password Checkup Tools". Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI EA '24. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1145/3613905.3650741 . ISBN 979-8-4007-0331-7.
  59. ↑ Collins, Benedict (2025年08月22日). "Multiple top password managers vulnerable to password stealing clickjacking attacks - here's what we know". TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2025年11月13日. Retrieved 2025年11月09日.
  60. ↑ Tóth, Marek (2025年08月09日). "DOM-based Extension Clickjacking: Your Password Manager Data at Risk". marektoth.com. Archived from the original on 2025年11月15日. Retrieved 2025年11月09日.
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