1872–73 United States Senate elections
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1872–73 United States Senate elections
24 of the 74 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
38 seats needed for a majority
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
24 of the 74 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
38 seats needed for a majority
| Majority party | Minority party | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Leader | Henry B. Anthony [a] | ||
| Party | Republican | Democratic | |
| Leader since | March 4, 1863 | ||
| Leader's seat | Rhode Island | ||
| Last election | 58 seats | 9 seats | |
| Seats before | 56 | 17 | |
| Seats won | 18 | 5 | |
| Seats after | 54 | 19 | |
| Seat change | Decrease 2 | Increase 2 | |
| Seats up | 20 | 3 | |
| Third party | |||
| Party | Liberal Republican | ||
| Last election | 0 seats | ||
| Seats before | 1 | ||
| Seats won | 0 | ||
| Seats after | 0 | ||
| Seat change | Decrease 1 | ||
| Seats up | 1 | ||
Results of the elections:
Democratic gain Democratic hold
Republican gain Republican hold
Liberal Republican gain Legislature Failed to Elect
Democratic gain Democratic hold
Republican gain Republican hold
Liberal Republican gain Legislature Failed to Elect
The 1872–73 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Ulysses S. Grant's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1872 and 1873, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Republican Party, while still retaining a commanding majority, lost two seats. By the beginning of the Congress, however, they would lose three more: two as defections to the Liberal Republican Party, and one a resignation of Henry Wilson to become U.S. Vice President. This remains the last election in which Republicans held a 2/3 majority in the Senate.
Results summary
[edit ]Senate party division, 43rd Congress (1873–1875)
- Majority party: Republican (50–51)
- Minority party: Democratic (19–20)
- Other parties: Liberal Republican (3–2)
- Vacant: (2–1)
- Total seats: 74
Change in composition
[edit ]Before the elections
[edit ]After the January 30, 1872 special election in North Carolina.
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
Ran D16
Unknown D17
Unknown
Ran D16
Unknown D17
Unknown
R48
Unknown R49
Unknown R50
Unknown R51
Retired R52
Retired R53
Retired R54
Retired R55
Retired R56
Resigned LR1
Retired
Unknown R49
Unknown R50
Unknown R51
Retired R52
Retired R53
Retired R54
Retired R55
Retired R56
Resigned LR1
Retired
R47
Ran R46
Ran R45
Ran R44
Ran R43
Ran R42
Ran R41
Ran R40
Ran R39
Ran R38
Ran
Ran R46
Ran R45
Ran R44
Ran R43
Ran R42
Ran R41
Ran R40
Ran R39
Ran R38
Ran
Majority →
R28
R29
R30
R31
R32
R33
R34
R35
R36
R37
Ran
Ran
R27
R26
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
R19
R18
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
Result of the elections
[edit ] D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
Hold D16
Hold D17
Hold
Hold D16
Hold D17
Hold
R48
Hold R49
Hold R50
Hold R51
Hold R52
Hold R53
Gain LR1
Re-elected, new party V1
R Loss D19
Gain D18
Gain
Hold R49
Hold R50
Hold R51
Hold R52
Hold R53
Gain LR1
Re-elected, new party V1
R Loss D19
Gain D18
Gain
R47
Hold R46
Hold R45
Hold R44
Hold R43
Re-elected R42
Re-elected R41
Re-elected R40
Re-elected R39
Re-elected R38
Re-elected
Hold R46
Hold R45
Hold R44
Hold R43
Re-elected R42
Re-elected R41
Re-elected R40
Re-elected R39
Re-elected R38
Re-elected
Majority →
R37
Re-elected
Re-elected
R28
R29
R30
R31
R32
R33
R34
R35
R36
R27
R26
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
R19
R18
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
Beginning of the next Congress
[edit ] D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
R48
R49
R50
LR1
LR2
Changed LR3
Changed V1 V2
Resigned D19 D18
Changed LR3
Changed V1 V2
Resigned D19 D18
R47
R46
R45
R44
R43
R42
R41
R40
R39
R38
Majority →
R37
R28
R29
R30
R31
R32
R33
R34
R35
R36
R27
R26
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
R19
R18
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
| Key: |
D#
Democratic
R#
Republican
V#
Vacant
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit ]Special elections during the 42nd Congress
[edit ]In these elections, the winners were seated during 1872 or in 1873 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| North Carolina (Class 2) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected January 30, 1872. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Willis B. Machen | Democratic | 1872 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1873. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| Louisiana (Class 3) |
William P. Kellogg | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent resigned November 1, 1872 to become Governor of Louisiana. Legislature failed to elect. The seat remained vacant until January 12, 1876, due to a Senate dispute; see below.[3] Republican loss. |
|
Races leading to the 43rd Congress
[edit ]In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1873; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | George E. Spencer | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent re-elected in 1872. |
|
| Arkansas | Benjamin F. Rice | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| California | Cornelius Cole | Republican | 1866–67 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| Connecticut | Orris S. Ferry | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent re-elected May 15, 1872 as a Liberal Republican. Liberal Republican gain. |
|
| Florida | Thomas W. Osborn | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| Georgia | Joshua Hill | Republican | 1867 (not seated) 1871 (admitted) |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1873. Democratic gain. |
|
| Illinois | Lyman Trumbull | Liberal Republican |
1855 1861 1867 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 20, 1873. Republican gain. |
|
| Indiana | Oliver P. Morton | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected in 1873. |
|
| Iowa | James Harlan | Republican | 1855 1857 (election voided) 1857 (special) 1860 1865 (resigned) 1866 |
Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1872.[7] Republican hold. |
|
| Kansas | Samuel C. Pomeroy | Republican | 1861 1867 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky | Willis B. Machen | Democratic | 1872 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
| Louisiana | William P. Kellogg | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent resigned November 1, 1872 to become Governor of Louisiana. Legislature failed to elect and the seat remained vacant until January 12, 1876 due to a Senate dispute.[3] |
|
| Maryland | George Vickers | Democratic | 1868 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Democratic hold. |
|
| Missouri | Francis Blair | Democratic | 1871 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Democratic hold. |
|
| Nevada | James W. Nye | Republican | 1865 1867 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| New Hampshire | James W. Patterson | Republican | 1866–67 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1872. Republican hold. |
|
| New York | Roscoe Conkling | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1873. |
|
| North Carolina | John Pool | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1872. Democratic gain. |
|
| Ohio | John Sherman | Republican | 1861 (special) 1866 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1872. |
|
| Oregon | Henry W. Corbett | Republican | 1866–67 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1872. Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania | Simon Cameron | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1873. |
|
| South Carolina | Frederick A. Sawyer | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1872 or 1873. Republican hold. |
|
| Vermont | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent re-elected in 1872. |
|
| Wisconsin | Timothy O. Howe | Republican | 1861 1867 |
Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1873. |
|
Elections during the 43rd Congress
[edit ]In this election, the winner was elected in 1873 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Henry Wilson | Republican | 1855 (special) 1859 1865 1871 |
Incumbent resigned to become U.S. Vice President. New senator elected March 12, 1873.[9] Republican hold. |
|
| California (Class 1) |
Eugene Casserly | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent resigned. New senator elected December 23, 1873.[10] Democratic hold. |
|
Early election
[edit ]| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| California (Class 1) |
Eugene Casserly | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent resigned November 29, 1873. New senator elected early December 20, 1873.[12] Anti-Monopoly gain. |
|
Alabama
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama
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Arkansas
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
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California
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from California and 1872 United States Senate election in California
California (regular, class 3)
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California (special)
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California (early)
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Connecticut
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut
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Florida
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 1872 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
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Georgia
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
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Illinois
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Illinois and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
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Indiana
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
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Iowa
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Iowa and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
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Kansas
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Kansas and 1872 United States House of Representatives election in Kansas
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Kentucky
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
Kentucky (regular)
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Kentucky (special)
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Louisiana
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana
Louisiana (special)
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Louisiana (regular)
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Maryland
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1872 United States Senate election in MarylandThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
| Candidate | George R. Dennis | Lewis Henry Steiner |
|---|---|---|
| Party | Democratic | Republican |
| Legislative vote | 81 | 11 |
| Percentage | 87.10% | 11.83% |
George R. Dennis was elected by a margin of 75.27%, or 70 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[13]
Massachusetts (special)
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Missouri
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri
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Nevada
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 1872 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada
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New Hampshire
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire
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New York
[edit ]Main article: 1873 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The New York election was held January 21, 1873.[c] Republican Roscoe Conkling had been elected in January 1867 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1873.
At the State election in November 1871, 21 Republicans and 11 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1872–1873) in the State Senate. In 1872, a faction of the Republican Party opposed the re-election of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Radical Republicans who supported him, and under the name Liberal Republican Party nominated a joint ticket with the Democratic Party. At the State election in November 1872, 91 Republicans, 35 Democrats and 2 Independents were elected for the session of 1873 to the Assembly. The 96th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 30, 1873, at Albany, New York.
The caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 8, State Senator William B. Woodin, of Auburn (25th D.), presided. 18 state senators and 88 assemblymen were present. They re-nominated Conkling unanimously. The caucus of the Democratic State legislators nominated Ex-First Judge of Dutchess County Charles Wheaton.
Roscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.
| House | Republican | Democratic | Republican | Liberal Republican | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (32 members) |
Roscoe Conkling | 20 | Charles A. Wheaton [d] | 5 | William M. Evarts | 1 | Henry R. Selden | 1 |
| State Assembly (128 members) |
Roscoe Conkling | 92 | Charles A. Wheaton | 26 | ||||
Note: The vote for Ex-U.S. Attorney General William M. Evarts was cast by Norman M. Allen (32nd district), the vote for Ex-Judge of the New York Court of Appeals Henry R. Selden by Gabriel T. Harrower (27th district). Allen, Harrower and Abiah W. Palmer (11th district) were the three Liberal Republicans in the State Senate.
North Carolina
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
North Carolina (regular)
[edit ]North Carolina (late)
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Ohio
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
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Oregon
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Oregon and 1872 United States House of Representatives election in Oregon
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Pennsylvania
[edit ]Main article: 1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania State Senate, voted on January 21, 1873. Incumbent Republican Simon Cameron, who was elected in 1867, won re-election.[14]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Simon Cameron (Incumbent) | 76 | 57.14 | |
| Democratic | William A. Wallace | 50 | 37.59 | |
| Liberal Republican | Thomas Marshall | 1 | 0.75 | |
| Democratic | Hendrick Wright | 1 | 0.75 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 5 | 3.76 | |
| Totals | 133 | 100.00% | ||
South Carolina
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
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Vermont
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
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Wisconsin
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
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See also
[edit ]Notes
[edit ]- ^ as Republican Conference Chair
- ^ Possibly Cornelius Cole
- ^ Although the votes were cast on January 21, both Houses met in a joint session on January 22 to compare nominations, and declare the result.[citation needed ]
- ^ Charles A. Wheaton (1834-1886), lawyer, of Poughkeepsie, First Judge of the Dutchess County Court 1863-67[citation needed ]
References
[edit ]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ Kleber, John E. (October 17, 2014). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 598. ISBN 9780813159010.
- ^ a b Taft, pp. 483–512.
- ^ "LA - Louisiana". www.senate.gov.
- ^ "CT US Senate". OurCampaigns.com. May 25, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2019., citing The Journal of the House of Representatives of Connecticut 1872.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - IL US Senate Race - Jan 20, 1873". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ^ Clark, p. 167.
- ^ Kleber, John E. (October 17, 2014). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 595. ISBN 9780813159010.
- ^ a b "Election of Ex-Secretary Boutwell as United States Senator". The New York Times . March 13, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ "UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. RECENT DECISIONS / CURIOUS LAWSUIT. SENATOR HAGAR, OF CALIFORNIA". The New York Times . December 26, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ "THE CALIFORNIA SENATORSHIP". The New York Times . December 17, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "THE CALIFORNIAN SENATORSHIP ELECTION OF BOOTH". The New York Times . December 21, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 18, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 21 January 1873" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Sources
[edit ]- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
- Taft, George S.; Furber, George P.; Buck, George M.; Webb, Charles A.; Pierce, Herbert R. (1913). "Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913". U.S. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Members of the 43rd United States Congress
- ALBANY.; Unanimous Nomination of Roscoe Conkling for U.S. Senator in NYT on January 9, 1873
- ALBANY.; Nomination of Roscoe Conkling as United States Senator in NYT on January 22, 1873
- The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling: Orator, Statesman and Advocate by Alfred R. Conkling (page 449) [gives wrong date for governor's inauguration "January 6", the inauguration happens invariably on January 1; and adds non-existent middle initial "G."]
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project