1846–47 United States Senate elections
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1846–47 United States Senate elections
19 of the 58 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
30 seats needed for a majority
← 1844 & 1845
Various dates
1848 & 1849 →
19 of the 58 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
30 seats needed for a majority
| Majority party | Minority party | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Democratic | Whig | |
| Last election | 35 seats | 24 seats | |
| Seats before | 33 | 23 | |
| Seats won | 10 | 7 | |
| Seats after | 35 | 19 | |
| Seat change | Increase 2 | Decrease 4 | |
| Seats up | 8 | 10 | |
| Third party | Fourth party | ||
| Party | Liberty | Independent Democratic | |
| Last election | New party | 0 | |
| Seats before | 1 | 0 | |
| Seats won | 0 | 1 | |
| Seats after | 0 | 1 | |
| Seat change | Decrease 1 | Increase 1 | |
| Seats up | 1 | 0 | |
Results:
Democratic gain Democratic hold
Independent Democratic gain Whig hold
Legislature failed to elect
Democratic gain Democratic hold
Independent Democratic gain Whig hold
Legislature failed to elect
The 1846–47 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1846 and 1847, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Democratic Party gained four seats in the United States Senate.
Results
[edit ]Senate party division, 30th Congress (1847–1849)
- Majority party: Democratic (34–38)
- Minority party: Whig (20–21)
- Other parties: Independent Democratic (1)
- Total seats: 58–60
Change in composition
[edit ]Before the elections
[edit ]After the February 1846 elections in Texas.
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D18
D17
D16
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
W19
Va.
Ran W20
Del.
Unknown W21
Ky.
Unknown W22
Mich.
Retired W23
Tenn.
Retired W24
La.
Died V1 D31
Ill.
Retired D30
Miss.
Unknown
Va.
Ran W20
Del.
Unknown W21
Ky.
Unknown W22
Mich.
Retired W23
Tenn.
Retired W24
La.
Died V1 D31
Ill.
Retired D30
Miss.
Unknown
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
As a result of the regular elections
[edit ] D18
D17
D16
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
Ala.
Appointee elected D26
Ark.
Re-elected D27
S.C.
Re-elected D28
Tex.
Re-elected
Ala.
Appointee elected D26
Ark.
Re-elected D27
S.C.
Re-elected D28
Tex.
Re-elected
W19
R.I.
Hold V1
Tenn.
W Loss V2 ID1
N.H.
Gain D34
Va.
Gain D33
Mich.
Gain D32
Maine.
Hold D31
Miss.
Hold D30
La.
Hold
R.I.
Hold V1
Tenn.
W Loss V2 ID1
N.H.
Gain D34
Va.
Gain D33
Mich.
Gain D32
Maine.
Hold D31
Miss.
Hold D30
La.
Hold
W18
Ky.
Hold W17
Del.
Hold W16
N.C.
Re-elected W15
N.J.
Re-elected W14
Mass.
Re-elected W13
Ga.
Re-elected W12 W11 W10 W9
Ky.
Hold W17
Del.
Hold W16
N.C.
Re-elected W15
N.J.
Re-elected W14
Mass.
Re-elected W13
Ga.
Re-elected W12 W11 W10 W9
As a result of the regular elections
[edit ]
V2
Iowa D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
Iowa D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18
D17
D16
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
Majority →
D29
W18
W17
W16
W15
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W9
V3
Iowa W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8
Iowa W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8
| Key: |
D#
Democratic
W#
Whig
V#
Vacant
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit ]Special elections during the 29th Congress
[edit ]In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1846 or in 1847 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Mississippi (Class 2) |
Joseph W. Chalmers | Democratic | 1845 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 10, 1846. |
|
| Texas (Class 1) |
None (new state) | Texas was admitted to the Union December 29, 1845. Senator elected February 21, 1846. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Texas (Class 2) |
Texas was admitted to the Union December 29, 1845. Senator elected February 21, 1846. Democratic gain. |
| |||
| New Hampshire (Class 2) |
Benning W. Jenness | Democratic | 1845 (appointed) | Appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected June 13, 1846. Liberty gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
William H. Haywood Jr. | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent resigned July 25, 1846 rather than disobey instructions from the N.C. General Assembly. New senator elected November 25, 1846. Whig gain. |
|
| Louisiana (Class 2) |
Alexander Barrow | Whig | 1840 | Incumbent died December 29, 1846. New senator elected January 21, 1847. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| Virginia (Class 1) |
Isaac S. Pennybacker | Democratic | 1845 (special) | Incumbent died January 12, 1847. New senator elected January 21, 1847. Democratic hold. |
|
| Iowa (Class 2) |
None (new state) | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846. Legislature failed to elect due to a three-way split preventing any candidate from earning the required number of 30 legislators' votes.[2] Seats remained vacant until December 7, 1848. |
| ||
| Iowa (Class 3) |
| ||||
Races leading to the 30th Congress
[edit ]In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1847; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | Dixon Hall Lewis | Democratic | 1844 (appointed) | Incumbent elected to full term in 1847. |
|
| Arkansas | Chester Ashley | Democratic | 1844 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1846. |
|
| Delaware | Thomas Clayton | Whig | 1837 (special) 1841 |
Incumbent lost re-election or retired. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold. |
|
| Georgia | John M. Berrien | Whig | 1825 1829 (resigned) 1840 1845 (resigned) 1845 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1846. |
|
| Illinois | James Semple | Democratic | 1843 (appointed) ? (special) |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1846. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky | James T. Morehead | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold. |
|
| Louisiana | Pierre Soulé | Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1847. Democratic hold. |
|
| Maine | George Evans | Whig | 1840 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1846.[3] Democratic gain. |
|
| Massachusetts | John Davis | Whig | 1835 1841 (resigned) 1845 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1847. |
|
| Michigan | William Woodbridge | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in February 1847. Democratic gain. |
|
| Mississippi | Joseph W. Chalmers | Democratic | 1845 (appointed) ? (special) |
Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1846 or 1847. Democratic hold. |
|
| New Hampshire | Joseph Cilley | Liberty | 1846 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1846. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
| New Jersey | Jacob W. Miller | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent re-elected in 1846. |
|
| North Carolina | Willie Mangum | Whig | 1840 (special) 1841 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1847. |
|
| Rhode Island | James F. Simmons | Whig | 1841 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold. |
|
| South Carolina | John C. Calhoun | Democratic | 1832 (special) 1834 1840 1843 (resigned) 1845 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1846. |
|
| Tennessee | Spencer Jarnagin | Whig | 1843 (special) | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss. |
|
| Texas | Sam Houston | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected in 1847 |
|
| Virginia | William S. Archer | Whig | 1840 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1846. Democratic gain. |
|
Special elections during the 30th Congress
[edit ]In this special election, the winner was elected in 1847 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Vacant | Legislature had earlier failed to elect. New senator elected November 22, 1847. Whig gain. |
| ||
Iowa
[edit ]See also: List of United States senators from Iowa
Iowa became a state in December 1846, but did not elect its senators until December 1848.
Louisiana
[edit ]Alexander Barrow (W) died December 29, 1846. Pierre Soulé (D) was elected January 21, 1847 just to finish the term. Solomon W. Downs (D) was elected to the next term.
New Hampshire
[edit ]Democratic appointee Benning W. Jenness lost the June 13, 1846 election to finish the term and the election the same day to the next term. Joseph Cilley (Liberty) was elected to finish the term, but lost the election to the next term. John P. Hale was (Independent Democratic) was elected to the next term and would later become a Free Soiler.
Virginia
[edit ]William S. Archer (W) lost re-election to Democrat Robert M. T. Hunter.
Virginia (special)
[edit ]Isaac S. Pennybacker (D), who was not up for election, died January 12, 1847. James Murray Mason (D) was elected January 21, 1847.
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa. pp. 17–46, 72–79.
- ^ "Bio of James W. Bradbury". Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov