Jump to content
Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

1231

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1231 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
BirthsDeaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
EstablishmentsDisestablishments
Art and literature
1231 in poetry
1231 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1231
MCCXXXI
Armenian calendar 680
ԹՎ ՈՁ
Bengali calendar 637–638
Byzantine calendar 6739–6740
Chinese calendar 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger)
3928 or 3721
    — to —
辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit)
3929 or 3722
Coptic calendar 947–948
Ethiopian calendar 1223–1224
Hebrew calendar 4991–4992
 - Vikram Samvat 1287–1288
 - Shaka Samvat 1152–1153
 - Kali Yuga 4331–4332
Igbo calendar 231–232
Iranian calendar 609–610
Islamic calendar 628–629
Japanese calendar Kangi 3
(寛喜3年)
Javanese calendar 1140–1141
Julian calendar 1231
MCCXXXI
Minguo calendar 681 before ROC
民前681年
Thai solar calendar 1773–1774
Tibetan calendar 阳金虎年
(male Iron-Tiger)
1357 or 976 or 204
    — to —
阴金兔年
(female Iron-Rabbit)
1358 or 977 or 205
Simon de Montfort (c. 1208–1265)

Year 1231 (MCCXXXI ) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

[edit ]

By place

[edit ]

Europe

[edit ]

Britain

[edit ]

Levant

[edit ]
  • Autumn – Frederick II appoints Marshal Richard Filangieri as his imperial legate, and sends an expeditionary army of mostly Lombards for the defense of Jerusalem. He gathers some 600 knights, 100 "sergeants-at-arms", 700 armed infantrymen, and 3,000 marines. The army is supported by 32 war-galleys.[6]
  • War of the Lombards: Richard Filangieri sails for Beirut, where the town is handed over to him. He occupies Sidon and Tyre – while other Lombard forces appear before Acre. At Acre, Filangieri summons a meeting of the High Court and shows letters from Frederick II appointing him as ambassador (baili ).[7]

China

[edit ]
  • April 9 – A huge fire breaks out at night in the southeast of Hangzhou during the Song dynasty. Fighting the flames is difficult due to limited visibility. When the fires are extinguished, it is discovered that an entire district of the city (some 10,000 houses) has been consumed by the flames.

Mongol Empire

[edit ]
  • August – Ögedei Khan orders the invasion of Korea. A Mongol army crosses the Yalu River and quickly secures the surrender of the border town of Uiju. The Mongols are joined by Hong Pok-wŏn, a Goryeo general, who takes their side with his subordinates numbering some 1500 families.[8]
  • Siege of Kuju: Mongol forces besiege the city of Kuju. They deploy assault teams who man siege towers and scale ladders. Despite the fact the Goryeo army is heavily outnumbered, the garrison refuses to surrender.

By topic

[edit ]

Religion

[edit ]

Births

[edit ]

Deaths

[edit ]

References

[edit ]
  1. ^ Rashdall, Hastings (1895). The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages. Clarendon Press. p. 85 . Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  2. ^ Peter Linehan (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In David Abulafia (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
  3. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 80–82. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
  4. ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  5. ^ Close Rolls.
  6. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 164. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  7. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 165. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  8. ^ Pirozhenko, Oleg (2005). Political Trends of Hong Bog Won Clan in the Period of Mongol Domination, p. 240. International Journal of Korean History.

AltStyle によって変換されたページ (->オリジナル) /